非均匀热环境过渡过程人体热感觉的研究
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摘要
为了揭示人体在非均匀热环境过渡时热感觉的变化规律,全面分析工作区与背景环境中人体热舒适的问题,完善非均匀热环境的节能设计以及为现有过渡空间设计规范提供理论依据和指导,本论文针对非均匀热环境过渡过程热感觉的变化规律进行了研究。
论文研究了在由工作区局部送风与背景环境所营造的非均匀热环境中,受试者在工作区与背景环境间过渡过程中热感觉的变化规律、局部热感觉对整体热感觉的影响、局部热感觉对过渡后整体热感觉的预测、皮肤温度与热感觉变化的关系。研究也分析了工作区局部送风方式对过渡后热感觉变化的影响、热感觉动态变化阶段局部热感觉对整体热感觉的作用、皮肤温度的变化率与热感觉滞后和超越的关系以及头部刺激时最小可觉脸部皮肤温度差。受试者实验是室内环境热舒适研究的主要方法之一,本研究采用准办公环境受试者实验的方法。实验在人工环境气候室中完成,共计122组实验。研究涉及的主要刺激部位有：头部、前胸、手部、脚部。实验过程中逐时采集了整体和局部热感觉、各部位皮肤温度,并利用偏相关分析、假设检验等统计学方法对数据进行了处理。
实验发现在过渡过程中(温差小于5℃),热感觉会发生滞后与超越的现象,得出了热感觉滞后和超越的持续时间和变化量。研究发现对头部刺激时,引起整体热感觉变化的最小脸部皮肤温度差与原始皮肤温度呈线性关系。实验表明一定风速的等温送风对人体热舒适的改善效果明显,而且在受试者过渡至背景环境后热感觉的变化幅度较小。
本研究提出利用头部热感觉与最大局部热感觉差来预测过渡后整体热感觉的动态变化。考虑人体所经历的环境参数的突变以及过渡前局部刺激对过渡后热感觉的影响,建立了以头部为基础热感觉的整体热感觉预测模型。此模型也为整体热感觉在大脑中枢内的形成提供了一定的理论依据。研究也表明温度与风速均是产生冷感超越的两个环境因素。等温送风会加快人体在过渡热环境中的热调节,有益于增强对热环境的适应能力。因此,本研究所得到的在工作区与背景环境间过渡过程中人体热感觉的动态变化规律,不仅涉及个性化送风人体的热舒适,更将局部送风环境与背景环境相结合,全面研究了非均匀环境的热舒适问题。
本研究关于小温差-非均匀过渡环境下的热感觉滞后与超越的变化规律以及局部送风实验的研究结果,将为非均匀热环境的舒适性设计与过渡热环境的参数设计提供理论依据,以实现建筑环境的节能控制目标。
To explore thermal sensation's changing rules in non-uniform environment during step-change, generally analyze the thermal comfort issue involved in personalized environment and ambient environment and to improve design criteria for non-uniform thermal environment and transient space, this thesis studied on thermal sensation during step-change in non-uniform thermal environment.
This dissertation focused on the following issues:thermal sensation's changing rules during step-change in non-uniform environment created by the workstation with local ventilation and the ambient environment; the influence of local thermal sensation on the overall after step-change; overall thermal sensation's prediction; the relationship between thermal sensation and skin temperature and the physiological interpretation of thermal sensation's change. This dissertation also studied the effect of local ventilation method on overall thermal sensation's improvement, the mechnisim of overall thermal sensation's integration by local body parts, the inherent correspondence between the phenomena of hysteresis and overshooting and skin temperature's changing rate and the just noticeable skin temperature's change on head for stimulations. Human subject test in a mockup office was adopted in this study which is a common method in thermal comfort research. In total,122tests were carried out in the controlled environment chamber in Dalian University of Technology. The body segment stimulated by local venation included head, chest, hand and foot. During the whole test, local and overall thermal sensation and skin temperatures were monitored. Statistical analyses, as partial correlation, hypothesis test were used to explore the data. The results showed that thermal sensation presented the phenomena of hysteresis and overshooting after step-change between workstation and ambient environment which had a temperature difference of less than5℃. The durations of hysteresis and overshooting and thermal sensation's changes generated were calculated. This dissertation proposed head thermal sensation as the basic thermal sensation added with the maximal local thermal thermal sensation difference to predict overall thermal sensation after step-change into the ambient. Refered to JND theory, the just noticeable difference on face skin temperature was linearly correated with original skin temperature. The local ventilation design using recycled air was effective to cooling on the subject and would lower the thermal sensation's change after step into the ambient environment.
The findings of thermal sensation's changing rules involved thermal comfort in personalized environment and highly connected the workstation and ambient environment as a whole to study thermal comfort issue in non-uniform environment. The overall thermal sensation's predictive model based on head thermal sensation and sensation difference considered the effect of step-change and local ventilation and was verified well which further provided experimental envidence for the mechanism of overall thermal sensation's integration.
The results and findings of thermal sensation's changing rules and local ventilation's study in this paper will contribute to the environmental design for thermal comfort in non-uniform environment and step-change space in a purpose of realiing envery saving strategies in building environment.
论文研究了在由工作区局部送风与背景环境所营造的非均匀热环境中,受试者在工作区与背景环境间过渡过程中热感觉的变化规律、局部热感觉对整体热感觉的影响、局部热感觉对过渡后整体热感觉的预测、皮肤温度与热感觉变化的关系。研究也分析了工作区局部送风方式对过渡后热感觉变化的影响、热感觉动态变化阶段局部热感觉对整体热感觉的作用、皮肤温度的变化率与热感觉滞后和超越的关系以及头部刺激时最小可觉脸部皮肤温度差。受试者实验是室内环境热舒适研究的主要方法之一,本研究采用准办公环境受试者实验的方法。实验在人工环境气候室中完成,共计122组实验。研究涉及的主要刺激部位有：头部、前胸、手部、脚部。实验过程中逐时采集了整体和局部热感觉、各部位皮肤温度,并利用偏相关分析、假设检验等统计学方法对数据进行了处理。
实验发现在过渡过程中(温差小于5℃),热感觉会发生滞后与超越的现象,得出了热感觉滞后和超越的持续时间和变化量。研究发现对头部刺激时,引起整体热感觉变化的最小脸部皮肤温度差与原始皮肤温度呈线性关系。实验表明一定风速的等温送风对人体热舒适的改善效果明显,而且在受试者过渡至背景环境后热感觉的变化幅度较小。
本研究提出利用头部热感觉与最大局部热感觉差来预测过渡后整体热感觉的动态变化。考虑人体所经历的环境参数的突变以及过渡前局部刺激对过渡后热感觉的影响,建立了以头部为基础热感觉的整体热感觉预测模型。此模型也为整体热感觉在大脑中枢内的形成提供了一定的理论依据。研究也表明温度与风速均是产生冷感超越的两个环境因素。等温送风会加快人体在过渡热环境中的热调节,有益于增强对热环境的适应能力。因此,本研究所得到的在工作区与背景环境间过渡过程中人体热感觉的动态变化规律,不仅涉及个性化送风人体的热舒适,更将局部送风环境与背景环境相结合,全面研究了非均匀环境的热舒适问题。
本研究关于小温差-非均匀过渡环境下的热感觉滞后与超越的变化规律以及局部送风实验的研究结果,将为非均匀热环境的舒适性设计与过渡热环境的参数设计提供理论依据,以实现建筑环境的节能控制目标。
To explore thermal sensation's changing rules in non-uniform environment during step-change, generally analyze the thermal comfort issue involved in personalized environment and ambient environment and to improve design criteria for non-uniform thermal environment and transient space, this thesis studied on thermal sensation during step-change in non-uniform thermal environment.
This dissertation focused on the following issues:thermal sensation's changing rules during step-change in non-uniform environment created by the workstation with local ventilation and the ambient environment; the influence of local thermal sensation on the overall after step-change; overall thermal sensation's prediction; the relationship between thermal sensation and skin temperature and the physiological interpretation of thermal sensation's change. This dissertation also studied the effect of local ventilation method on overall thermal sensation's improvement, the mechnisim of overall thermal sensation's integration by local body parts, the inherent correspondence between the phenomena of hysteresis and overshooting and skin temperature's changing rate and the just noticeable skin temperature's change on head for stimulations. Human subject test in a mockup office was adopted in this study which is a common method in thermal comfort research. In total,122tests were carried out in the controlled environment chamber in Dalian University of Technology. The body segment stimulated by local venation included head, chest, hand and foot. During the whole test, local and overall thermal sensation and skin temperatures were monitored. Statistical analyses, as partial correlation, hypothesis test were used to explore the data. The results showed that thermal sensation presented the phenomena of hysteresis and overshooting after step-change between workstation and ambient environment which had a temperature difference of less than5℃. The durations of hysteresis and overshooting and thermal sensation's changes generated were calculated. This dissertation proposed head thermal sensation as the basic thermal sensation added with the maximal local thermal thermal sensation difference to predict overall thermal sensation after step-change into the ambient. Refered to JND theory, the just noticeable difference on face skin temperature was linearly correated with original skin temperature. The local ventilation design using recycled air was effective to cooling on the subject and would lower the thermal sensation's change after step into the ambient environment.
The findings of thermal sensation's changing rules involved thermal comfort in personalized environment and highly connected the workstation and ambient environment as a whole to study thermal comfort issue in non-uniform environment. The overall thermal sensation's predictive model based on head thermal sensation and sensation difference considered the effect of step-change and local ventilation and was verified well which further provided experimental envidence for the mechanism of overall thermal sensation's integration.
The results and findings of thermal sensation's changing rules and local ventilation's study in this paper will contribute to the environmental design for thermal comfort in non-uniform environment and step-change space in a purpose of realiing envery saving strategies in building environment.
引文
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