e-航海中的动态信息服务若干关键技术研究
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摘要
航海是人类经济和社会活动的重要内容。科学技术的进步不断推动航海方式的变革。在信息时代,航行操作越来越多地应用自动化系统。多种系统需要有效整合才能够更好地发挥综合效能,多方参与的系统运行环境需要统一技术和管理标准才能够高效运转,于是,e-航海应运而生。e-航海不是一个或几个信息系统的组合,也不是航海的一种手段或状态,而是在信息时代产生和发展的一个多方参与、多系统联合运行的航海“生态环境”。e-航海的发展与繁荣需要有关国际组织及各成员国共同努力,制定并推行相关标准,推进e-航海技术进步,引导e-航海向着“海洋更清洁,航行更安全”的方向发展。
动态信息服务系统是以航海安全保障信息的分类、采集、管理、服务为主要内容的信息系统,是e-航海的重要组成部分。主要包括动态变化的基础地理信息、水文气象信息、水上交通环境信息、船舶动态信息等。
本文围绕e-航海动态信息服务过程中的几个关键的技术问题进行了研究。提出了以参考椭球面为水陆一体化垂直基准面解决海洋测绘垂直基准面不连续问题和建立陆地和海洋统一高程模型的思想。提出了采用CGCS2000地心坐标系,通过高精度卫星定位系统直接进行无验潮(水位观测)测量,并将潮汐/水位观测或模型推算相结合,为不同船载终端用户提供水下地形的快速更新、实时水深信息、智能岸基导航等个性化服务的方法；对e-航海空间信息的特征进行了分析,提出了兼顾海图、陆图分幅,以及实时动态服务需求的多级网格模型和自由网格快速索引方法；研究了利用海量多波束数据进行海图数据快速更新的方法,以及船舶航行环境信息采集与服务方法；提出了动态信息服务系统的基本架构和建设方法,就多源信息融合技术与e-航海环境下的信息共享方法进行了讨论,对e-航海动态信息服务未来技术发展方向进行了展望。
论文的主要贡献有：
1.对沿海不同地区深度基准面、内河航行基准面都呈不连续的阶梯状变化,以及陆地、海上垂直基准不统一的问题进行了讨论。分析了无缝垂直基准测试和计算、区域潮汐模型推算、无验潮测量的技术方法的应用,提出了以参考椭球面作为水陆一体化垂直基准的参考面,利用高精度GNSS测量方法直接测量水底高程的方法；进一步研究了海面地形的测量方法以及基于余水位进行潮位推算的方法。该部分成果为高精度、高效率获取水深测量数据,以及为船舶用户提供实时动态水深服务奠定了坚实的基础。
2.针对e-航海空间信息中海图和江图分幅及主要图形要素的特点,提出了兼顾陆图和海图特征及标准化分幅方案的多级网络模型,既能够满足纸质海图、电子海图生产与应用的需要,还能够进一步扩展,应用于e-航海空间信息服务中的信息管理和快速检索；提出了基于IHOS-100模型标准和支持快速网络化信息服务需求的e-航海基础空间数据库模型。通过对NetCDF模型的灵活应用,能够对多模多时态信息进行快速检索、发布。
3.研究了海量AIS数据预处理和快速服务的方法,提出基于多线程池和冗余过滤技术进行数据接收、预处理、分发服务的解决方案；针对多波束海量数据的特征,研究了海量水深数据径向网格管理、智能水深压缩、等深线自动生成等技术方法,探索了电子海图快速个性化服务的方法。
4.提出了基于云架构的e-航海动态信息服务系统模型,介绍了部分应用系统相关技术的实现方法,分析讨论了多源信息融合技术与e-航海环境中的信息共享方法。
5.对e-航海未来的发展进行了预测和设想,提出了e-航海应用技术发展需要重点解决的技术问题。
Navigation is one of the most important economic and social activities. The progress of science and technology is constantly changing the way of sailing.
In the information age, navigation increasingly uses automated system. Various automation systems need to integrate effectively to gain a better performance. Multi-party system operating environment requires unified technical and management standards to make sure its efficient functioning. The e-Navigation is not a combination of several information systems, neither a conception nor status of sailing, but an environment of multi systems for increased safety and security in commercial shipping through better organization of data on ships and on shore, and better data exchange and communication between the two. The future of e-Navigation needs all the efforts of international organizations and member States to work out and implement relevant standards, and to promote the technological progress toward the 'cleaner ocean, safer navigation'way.
Dynamic information service is an important content of e-Navigation, including dynamic changes of basic geographic information, hydrological and meteorological information, water transportation environment, ship dynamic information. It is an information system based on maritime security information collection, management and services as the main contents.
This paper focuses on e-Navigation dynamic information services, especially on several key technical issues. The research presents the Surface of Reference Ellipsoid as the integration of land and water vertical datum to establish a unified terrestrial and marine vertical datum. Non-tide (water level observation) sounding will be performed associated with high-precision GNSS measurement under the unified vertical datum. By combining tide (water level) observation and model projection, terminal personalized services such as underwater topography quick update, real-time depth information service or intelligent shore-based navigation can be easily offered.
The paper analyzed the characteristics of e-Navigation spatial information, and proposed a fast indexing method for multi-level grid and free grid, which works well with the both nautical chart subdivision and real-time dynamic service. The research examines the multi-beam bathymetric data selection method in nautical chart quick update process and the navigational environment information collection and service method. The paper develops a dynamic information service system architecture and construction method, followed by its information sharing method in multi-source information fusion technology and e-Navigation environment. At the end, the article gives a future direction about where e-Navigation technology is going.
Specific studies:
1. This article showed that the depth datum and the inland navigation datum show discontinuous step-like changes among regions and the discussion of non-uniform feature between land vertical datum and sea vertical datum. The research tests the seamless vertical datum, the regional tidal model and non-tide sounding method. Then the article proposed an amphibious integrated vertical datum reference surface based on the Surface of Reference Ellipsoid and the direct underwater elevation measurement using GNSS measurement method. The paper gives a further illustration on sea surface topography measurement method and water level based tidal calculation method.
2. Through the research of nautical chart and inland river chart framing principle and the graphical elements'characters, this article proposed a multi-level grid model, which is compatible with both standardized framing program and other chart program features. This model meets the demand for chart (paper chart and electronic chart) producing and application and can be used in e-Navigation spatial information services for information management and rapid searching. What's more, the research also builds an e-Navigation fundamental spatial database model, which could support the IHO S-100model standard and the fast network demand for information services. Using the flexible NetCDF model in applications, the system is ready to search and release multi-mode and multiple spatial dynamic information services.
3. The research studied the AIS data pre-processing method and the rapid distribution method. Based on multi-thread pool and intelligent agent, the research then gave a solution for receiving data, pre-processing and distributing massive data. According to the characters of multi-beam bathymetric data, the bathymetric data radial grid management, the intelligent bathymetric data compression method and the isobaths automatic generation technology are researched in this paper. All of these are parts of the personalized electronic nautical chart service research.
4. The article introduced a cloud-based dynamic information service system model and all applications built on this system. It also discusses multi-source information fusion technology and information sharing method in e-Navigation environment.
7. The article gives some suggestion to the e-Navigation future and to some specific technique that should be paid significant Attention.
动态信息服务系统是以航海安全保障信息的分类、采集、管理、服务为主要内容的信息系统,是e-航海的重要组成部分。主要包括动态变化的基础地理信息、水文气象信息、水上交通环境信息、船舶动态信息等。
本文围绕e-航海动态信息服务过程中的几个关键的技术问题进行了研究。提出了以参考椭球面为水陆一体化垂直基准面解决海洋测绘垂直基准面不连续问题和建立陆地和海洋统一高程模型的思想。提出了采用CGCS2000地心坐标系,通过高精度卫星定位系统直接进行无验潮(水位观测)测量,并将潮汐/水位观测或模型推算相结合,为不同船载终端用户提供水下地形的快速更新、实时水深信息、智能岸基导航等个性化服务的方法；对e-航海空间信息的特征进行了分析,提出了兼顾海图、陆图分幅,以及实时动态服务需求的多级网格模型和自由网格快速索引方法；研究了利用海量多波束数据进行海图数据快速更新的方法,以及船舶航行环境信息采集与服务方法；提出了动态信息服务系统的基本架构和建设方法,就多源信息融合技术与e-航海环境下的信息共享方法进行了讨论,对e-航海动态信息服务未来技术发展方向进行了展望。
论文的主要贡献有：
1.对沿海不同地区深度基准面、内河航行基准面都呈不连续的阶梯状变化,以及陆地、海上垂直基准不统一的问题进行了讨论。分析了无缝垂直基准测试和计算、区域潮汐模型推算、无验潮测量的技术方法的应用,提出了以参考椭球面作为水陆一体化垂直基准的参考面,利用高精度GNSS测量方法直接测量水底高程的方法；进一步研究了海面地形的测量方法以及基于余水位进行潮位推算的方法。该部分成果为高精度、高效率获取水深测量数据,以及为船舶用户提供实时动态水深服务奠定了坚实的基础。
2.针对e-航海空间信息中海图和江图分幅及主要图形要素的特点,提出了兼顾陆图和海图特征及标准化分幅方案的多级网络模型,既能够满足纸质海图、电子海图生产与应用的需要,还能够进一步扩展,应用于e-航海空间信息服务中的信息管理和快速检索；提出了基于IHOS-100模型标准和支持快速网络化信息服务需求的e-航海基础空间数据库模型。通过对NetCDF模型的灵活应用,能够对多模多时态信息进行快速检索、发布。
3.研究了海量AIS数据预处理和快速服务的方法,提出基于多线程池和冗余过滤技术进行数据接收、预处理、分发服务的解决方案；针对多波束海量数据的特征,研究了海量水深数据径向网格管理、智能水深压缩、等深线自动生成等技术方法,探索了电子海图快速个性化服务的方法。
4.提出了基于云架构的e-航海动态信息服务系统模型,介绍了部分应用系统相关技术的实现方法,分析讨论了多源信息融合技术与e-航海环境中的信息共享方法。
5.对e-航海未来的发展进行了预测和设想,提出了e-航海应用技术发展需要重点解决的技术问题。
Navigation is one of the most important economic and social activities. The progress of science and technology is constantly changing the way of sailing.
In the information age, navigation increasingly uses automated system. Various automation systems need to integrate effectively to gain a better performance. Multi-party system operating environment requires unified technical and management standards to make sure its efficient functioning. The e-Navigation is not a combination of several information systems, neither a conception nor status of sailing, but an environment of multi systems for increased safety and security in commercial shipping through better organization of data on ships and on shore, and better data exchange and communication between the two. The future of e-Navigation needs all the efforts of international organizations and member States to work out and implement relevant standards, and to promote the technological progress toward the 'cleaner ocean, safer navigation'way.
Dynamic information service is an important content of e-Navigation, including dynamic changes of basic geographic information, hydrological and meteorological information, water transportation environment, ship dynamic information. It is an information system based on maritime security information collection, management and services as the main contents.
This paper focuses on e-Navigation dynamic information services, especially on several key technical issues. The research presents the Surface of Reference Ellipsoid as the integration of land and water vertical datum to establish a unified terrestrial and marine vertical datum. Non-tide (water level observation) sounding will be performed associated with high-precision GNSS measurement under the unified vertical datum. By combining tide (water level) observation and model projection, terminal personalized services such as underwater topography quick update, real-time depth information service or intelligent shore-based navigation can be easily offered.
The paper analyzed the characteristics of e-Navigation spatial information, and proposed a fast indexing method for multi-level grid and free grid, which works well with the both nautical chart subdivision and real-time dynamic service. The research examines the multi-beam bathymetric data selection method in nautical chart quick update process and the navigational environment information collection and service method. The paper develops a dynamic information service system architecture and construction method, followed by its information sharing method in multi-source information fusion technology and e-Navigation environment. At the end, the article gives a future direction about where e-Navigation technology is going.
Specific studies:
1. This article showed that the depth datum and the inland navigation datum show discontinuous step-like changes among regions and the discussion of non-uniform feature between land vertical datum and sea vertical datum. The research tests the seamless vertical datum, the regional tidal model and non-tide sounding method. Then the article proposed an amphibious integrated vertical datum reference surface based on the Surface of Reference Ellipsoid and the direct underwater elevation measurement using GNSS measurement method. The paper gives a further illustration on sea surface topography measurement method and water level based tidal calculation method.
2. Through the research of nautical chart and inland river chart framing principle and the graphical elements'characters, this article proposed a multi-level grid model, which is compatible with both standardized framing program and other chart program features. This model meets the demand for chart (paper chart and electronic chart) producing and application and can be used in e-Navigation spatial information services for information management and rapid searching. What's more, the research also builds an e-Navigation fundamental spatial database model, which could support the IHO S-100model standard and the fast network demand for information services. Using the flexible NetCDF model in applications, the system is ready to search and release multi-mode and multiple spatial dynamic information services.
3. The research studied the AIS data pre-processing method and the rapid distribution method. Based on multi-thread pool and intelligent agent, the research then gave a solution for receiving data, pre-processing and distributing massive data. According to the characters of multi-beam bathymetric data, the bathymetric data radial grid management, the intelligent bathymetric data compression method and the isobaths automatic generation technology are researched in this paper. All of these are parts of the personalized electronic nautical chart service research.
4. The article introduced a cloud-based dynamic information service system model and all applications built on this system. It also discusses multi-source information fusion technology and information sharing method in e-Navigation environment.
7. The article gives some suggestion to the e-Navigation future and to some specific technique that should be paid significant Attention.
引文
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