海参加工工艺评价及其加工废弃液活性物质研究
|
摘要
海参（Sea Cucumber）是我国一种传统的名贵滋补品，体内富含多种生物活性物质，具有较高的食用及药用价值。本论文以营养价值最高和品质最好的刺参为研究对象，对具有5种代表性的海参加工工艺、加工废弃液的化学组成、废弃液中生物活性物质的分离纯化、化学组成、结构构成以及生物活性物质的保湿、抗氧化、抑菌、抗肿瘤等活性进行了较为系统的研究，为刺参加工工艺的适用性选择，以及高效利用海参资源提供了理论基础和科学依据。
（1）对5种具有代表性的加工工艺研究表明：5种加工方法均导致了海参产品中干物质的损失，双蒸水煮沸-自然干燥的干物质损失最高，损失率为47.67%，然后依次是3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥36.00%，真空冷冻干燥13.12%，热空气干燥11.13%，自然干燥的干物质损失率最小，为10.65%。5种加工方法均导致了海参产品中灰分、无机元素、粗蛋白、粗多糖、总皂苷、脂肪酸和氨基酸等的流失或分解，但不同加工方法对海参中的灰分、无机元素、粗蛋白、粗多糖、总皂苷、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量影响不同，对每种组成成分的优势工艺也不相同。针对粗蛋白，5种代表性工艺的优势依次为：双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥>3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥>热空气干燥>真空冷冻干燥>自然干燥；针对粗多糖、总皂苷和无机元素具有广泛生理活性并容易流失的物质，自然干燥加工的含量最高，热空气干燥和真空冷冻干燥加工的含量接近，居其次，双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥和3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥的最差；针对脂肪酸组成和含量，5种代表性工艺的优势依次为：热空气干燥>真空冷冻干燥>自然干燥>双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥>3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥；针对必须氨基酸和氨基酸总量，5种代表性工艺的优势依次为：热空气干燥>真空冷冻干燥>双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥>自然干燥>3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥；针对产品外观形态，3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥和双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥基本一致，形态最好，均为缩小版的海参；真空冷冻干燥的次之，类似泡沫；热空气干燥和自然干燥的最差，类似桦树皮样的薄层。
（2）对海参加工废弃液的研究表明：3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥和双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥两种加工方法的加工废弃液均中均可检测到多种营养和活性物质，如粗蛋白、粗多糖、总皂苷、无机元素、脂肪酸（包括EPA和DHA等）和氨基酸。因此，加工废弃液具有较高的潜在开发利用价值，可进行充分的开发和利用。
（3）加工废弃液中回收的海参多糖具有酸性粘多糖的特征，分子量为1.2万~1.6万，氨基糖组成含量4.98%，醛糖酸组成含量为9.68%，硫酸基组成含量为21.09%，中性单糖主要由Man、GlcUA、Gal和Fuc组成，其中Fuc含量最高。硫酸基取代以2,4-diOSO3-取代为主，含部分4-OSO3-取代，硫酸基取代位点多为岩藻糖的C-4位或氨基半乳糖的C-4位。当浓度为3.3mg/mL时，该海参酸性粘多糖在体外对羟自由基的清除率为44.42%。当浓度为16mg/L时，该海参酸性粘多糖在体外对超氧阴离子自由的清除率最大，为73.68%。当浓度为2mg/mL时，该海参酸性粘多糖在体外对HeLa细胞的抑制率达到47.74%。
（4）加工废弃液正丁醇提取物研究表明，在浓度为3.3mg/mL时，加工废弃液的正丁醇提取物在体外对羟自由基的清除率为24.53%。当浓度为1.4mg/mL时，加工废弃液的正丁醇提取物在体外对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为91.23%。当浓度为20mg/mL时，加工废弃液正丁醇提取物在体外对HeLa细胞的抑制率为12.49%。其次，该正丁醇提取物经过奋力纯化共获得8个化合物，它们的结构式分别为：2,4-二羟基-5-甲基-1,3-二氮杂苯、2,4-二羟基-1,3-二氮杂苯、2-羟基-1,2,3-三羧基丙烷、3-O-[β-D-吡喃喹诺糖-(1→2)-4-O-硫酸钠-β-D-吡喃木糖]-海参烷-9(11)-烯-3β,12α,17α-三醇、4,4,8-三甲基-六氢苯并呋喃-2-烯-甲醇、2,4-二甲基-苯甲酸甲酯、2-(5-羰基环戊-1-烯)-乙酸酯和3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-24-γ-乙基-胆甾醇，而且，化合物1、2和8均为首次从煮参的加工废弃液中获得。
Sea cucumber is a traditional and costful tonic food in China, which contains multi-kindsof bioactive components. We made a systemic study on five representative methods ofprocessing technology， the chemical component of sea cucumber offal, separation,purification, chemical component, structure and moisture-preserving, antioxidation,antifungal and antitumor bioactivity determination of polysaccharide and other chemicalcomponent in sea cucumbers offal. The results would provide theoretical basis, socialmeaning and scientific foundation for development and exploitation of sea cucumber offal,also for quality assessment and processing technology choice of sea cucumber products.
⑴The results, which obtained from the study on five representative methods ofprocessing techniques in sea cucumber, were shown as following. All the five methodsbrought about the loss of dry matter. The loss ratio of dry matter was different in all the fivemethods of processing technique. The loss ratio was the maximal in the processing techniqueof double-distilled water cooking followed by sun drying, which was47.67%, and then3.5%sodium chloride solution cooking followed by sun drying36.00%, vacuum freeze-drying13.12%, hot air drying11.13%, it was minimal and10.65%in sun drying. All the fivemethods of processing technique caused the loss of ash, mineral matters, crude protein, crudepolysaccharide, total saponin, fatty acids and amino acids, but the processing techniquesseparately effected on ash, mineral matters, crude protein, crude polysaccharide, total saponin,fatty acids and amino acids of the dried products. The best processing technique was differentwith the different chemical component of sea cucumber in five methods of processingtechnique. In terms of crude protein, the processing technique of double-distilled watercooking followed by sun drying was the best in five methods, and then3.5%sodium chloridesolution cooking followed by sun drying, hot air drying, vacuum freeze-drying and sun drying.For crude polysaccharide, total saponin, mineral and so on, which had wide active substanceand easily lost in the processing, the processing technique of sun drying was the best in fivemethods, hot air drying and vacuum freeze-drying took secondly, and the processingtechnique of water cooking was worst in five methods of processing technique. According tothe component and content of fatty acids, hot air drying> vacuum freeze-drying> sun drying>double-distilled water cooking followed by sun drying>3.5%sodium chloride solutioncooking followed by sun drying. As far as essential amino acids and total amino acid concerned, hot air drying> vacuum freeze-drying> double-distilled water cooking followedby sun drying> sun drying>3.5%sodium chloride solution cooking followed by sun drying.According to the product appearance, the processing technique of cooking was the best andthe product of sea cucumber only shrank,
⑵The sea cucumber offal, which produced by double-distilled water cooking followedby sun drying and3.5%sodium chloride solution cooking followed by sun drying, containedmulti-nutrition and active substance, which included protein, polysaccharide, saponin, fattyacids, amino acids, mineral, and so on. The sea cucumber offal had high and potential value ofdevelopment and exploitation, and then could exploit the offal.
⑶The results, which obtained from the study on polysaccharide from offal of boilingsea cucumbers, were shown as following. The polysaccharide was acidic polysaccharide ofsea cucumbers. The molecular weight was12,000~16,000. The amino sugar, uronic acid andsulfate of polysaccharide were4.98%,9.68%and21.09%, respectively. The monosaccharidescomposition of polysaccharide indicated that monosaccharide was Man, GlcUA, Gal and Fucand so on, and then Fuc content was the most abundant in all monosaccharides. The sulfatesubstitutions were mainly2,4-di OSO3-, also with partially4-OSO3-, as well the sulfatesubstitutions positions were C-4position of fucose residues or C-4position of galactosamineresidues. When the concentration of acidic polysaccharide was3.3mg/mL, the ratioscavenging OH was44.42%in vitro, When the concentration of acidic polysaccharide was16mg/L, the ratio of scavenging superoxide radicals was73.68%in vitro. When theconcentration of acidic polysaccharide was2mg/mL, the ratio of inhibition HeLa Cell was73.68%in vitro.
⑷The n-BuOH extraction, which were extracted from the rest of offal deposited byethanol, demonstrated antioxidation and tumour inhibition in vitro. When the concentration ofn-BuOH extraction was3.3mg/mL, the ratio scavenging OH was24.35%in vitro, When theconcentration of n-BuOH extraction was1.4mg/L, the ratio of scavenging superoxideradicals was91.23%in vitro. When the concentration of n-BuOH extraction was20mg/mL,the ratio of inhibition HeLa Cell was12.49%in vitro. And then the n-BuOH extraction wereseparated and purified to afford8monomers. Compound1:2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-azine, Compound2:2,4-Dihydroxy-1,3-Diazine, Compound3:2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, Compound4:3-O-[β-D-quinovopranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-sodiumsulfatesulfate-β-D-xylopranosyl]-holosta-9(11)-ene-3β,12α,17α-triol, Compound5:4,4,8-trimethyl-hexahydrobenzofuran-2-en-methanol, Compound6:2,4-dimethyl benzoate, Compound7:2- (5-oxocyclopent-1-en)-acetate, Compound8:3-O-β-D-glucopranosyl-24-γ-ethyl-cholesterol.And then compound1,2and8were firstly obtained from the offal of sea cucumber.
（1）对5种具有代表性的加工工艺研究表明：5种加工方法均导致了海参产品中干物质的损失，双蒸水煮沸-自然干燥的干物质损失最高，损失率为47.67%，然后依次是3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥36.00%，真空冷冻干燥13.12%，热空气干燥11.13%，自然干燥的干物质损失率最小，为10.65%。5种加工方法均导致了海参产品中灰分、无机元素、粗蛋白、粗多糖、总皂苷、脂肪酸和氨基酸等的流失或分解，但不同加工方法对海参中的灰分、无机元素、粗蛋白、粗多糖、总皂苷、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量影响不同，对每种组成成分的优势工艺也不相同。针对粗蛋白，5种代表性工艺的优势依次为：双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥>3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥>热空气干燥>真空冷冻干燥>自然干燥；针对粗多糖、总皂苷和无机元素具有广泛生理活性并容易流失的物质，自然干燥加工的含量最高，热空气干燥和真空冷冻干燥加工的含量接近，居其次，双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥和3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥的最差；针对脂肪酸组成和含量，5种代表性工艺的优势依次为：热空气干燥>真空冷冻干燥>自然干燥>双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥>3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥；针对必须氨基酸和氨基酸总量，5种代表性工艺的优势依次为：热空气干燥>真空冷冻干燥>双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥>自然干燥>3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥；针对产品外观形态，3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥和双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥基本一致，形态最好，均为缩小版的海参；真空冷冻干燥的次之，类似泡沫；热空气干燥和自然干燥的最差，类似桦树皮样的薄层。
（2）对海参加工废弃液的研究表明：3.5%NaCl溶液煮沸-自然干燥和双蒸馏水煮沸-自然干燥两种加工方法的加工废弃液均中均可检测到多种营养和活性物质，如粗蛋白、粗多糖、总皂苷、无机元素、脂肪酸（包括EPA和DHA等）和氨基酸。因此，加工废弃液具有较高的潜在开发利用价值，可进行充分的开发和利用。
（3）加工废弃液中回收的海参多糖具有酸性粘多糖的特征，分子量为1.2万~1.6万，氨基糖组成含量4.98%，醛糖酸组成含量为9.68%，硫酸基组成含量为21.09%，中性单糖主要由Man、GlcUA、Gal和Fuc组成，其中Fuc含量最高。硫酸基取代以2,4-diOSO3-取代为主，含部分4-OSO3-取代，硫酸基取代位点多为岩藻糖的C-4位或氨基半乳糖的C-4位。当浓度为3.3mg/mL时，该海参酸性粘多糖在体外对羟自由基的清除率为44.42%。当浓度为16mg/L时，该海参酸性粘多糖在体外对超氧阴离子自由的清除率最大，为73.68%。当浓度为2mg/mL时，该海参酸性粘多糖在体外对HeLa细胞的抑制率达到47.74%。
（4）加工废弃液正丁醇提取物研究表明，在浓度为3.3mg/mL时，加工废弃液的正丁醇提取物在体外对羟自由基的清除率为24.53%。当浓度为1.4mg/mL时，加工废弃液的正丁醇提取物在体外对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为91.23%。当浓度为20mg/mL时，加工废弃液正丁醇提取物在体外对HeLa细胞的抑制率为12.49%。其次，该正丁醇提取物经过奋力纯化共获得8个化合物，它们的结构式分别为：2,4-二羟基-5-甲基-1,3-二氮杂苯、2,4-二羟基-1,3-二氮杂苯、2-羟基-1,2,3-三羧基丙烷、3-O-[β-D-吡喃喹诺糖-(1→2)-4-O-硫酸钠-β-D-吡喃木糖]-海参烷-9(11)-烯-3β,12α,17α-三醇、4,4,8-三甲基-六氢苯并呋喃-2-烯-甲醇、2,4-二甲基-苯甲酸甲酯、2-(5-羰基环戊-1-烯)-乙酸酯和3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-24-γ-乙基-胆甾醇，而且，化合物1、2和8均为首次从煮参的加工废弃液中获得。
Sea cucumber is a traditional and costful tonic food in China, which contains multi-kindsof bioactive components. We made a systemic study on five representative methods ofprocessing technology， the chemical component of sea cucumber offal, separation,purification, chemical component, structure and moisture-preserving, antioxidation,antifungal and antitumor bioactivity determination of polysaccharide and other chemicalcomponent in sea cucumbers offal. The results would provide theoretical basis, socialmeaning and scientific foundation for development and exploitation of sea cucumber offal,also for quality assessment and processing technology choice of sea cucumber products.
⑴The results, which obtained from the study on five representative methods ofprocessing techniques in sea cucumber, were shown as following. All the five methodsbrought about the loss of dry matter. The loss ratio of dry matter was different in all the fivemethods of processing technique. The loss ratio was the maximal in the processing techniqueof double-distilled water cooking followed by sun drying, which was47.67%, and then3.5%sodium chloride solution cooking followed by sun drying36.00%, vacuum freeze-drying13.12%, hot air drying11.13%, it was minimal and10.65%in sun drying. All the fivemethods of processing technique caused the loss of ash, mineral matters, crude protein, crudepolysaccharide, total saponin, fatty acids and amino acids, but the processing techniquesseparately effected on ash, mineral matters, crude protein, crude polysaccharide, total saponin,fatty acids and amino acids of the dried products. The best processing technique was differentwith the different chemical component of sea cucumber in five methods of processingtechnique. In terms of crude protein, the processing technique of double-distilled watercooking followed by sun drying was the best in five methods, and then3.5%sodium chloridesolution cooking followed by sun drying, hot air drying, vacuum freeze-drying and sun drying.For crude polysaccharide, total saponin, mineral and so on, which had wide active substanceand easily lost in the processing, the processing technique of sun drying was the best in fivemethods, hot air drying and vacuum freeze-drying took secondly, and the processingtechnique of water cooking was worst in five methods of processing technique. According tothe component and content of fatty acids, hot air drying> vacuum freeze-drying> sun drying>double-distilled water cooking followed by sun drying>3.5%sodium chloride solutioncooking followed by sun drying. As far as essential amino acids and total amino acid concerned, hot air drying> vacuum freeze-drying> double-distilled water cooking followedby sun drying> sun drying>3.5%sodium chloride solution cooking followed by sun drying.According to the product appearance, the processing technique of cooking was the best andthe product of sea cucumber only shrank,
⑵The sea cucumber offal, which produced by double-distilled water cooking followedby sun drying and3.5%sodium chloride solution cooking followed by sun drying, containedmulti-nutrition and active substance, which included protein, polysaccharide, saponin, fattyacids, amino acids, mineral, and so on. The sea cucumber offal had high and potential value ofdevelopment and exploitation, and then could exploit the offal.
⑶The results, which obtained from the study on polysaccharide from offal of boilingsea cucumbers, were shown as following. The polysaccharide was acidic polysaccharide ofsea cucumbers. The molecular weight was12,000~16,000. The amino sugar, uronic acid andsulfate of polysaccharide were4.98%,9.68%and21.09%, respectively. The monosaccharidescomposition of polysaccharide indicated that monosaccharide was Man, GlcUA, Gal and Fucand so on, and then Fuc content was the most abundant in all monosaccharides. The sulfatesubstitutions were mainly2,4-di OSO3-, also with partially4-OSO3-, as well the sulfatesubstitutions positions were C-4position of fucose residues or C-4position of galactosamineresidues. When the concentration of acidic polysaccharide was3.3mg/mL, the ratioscavenging OH was44.42%in vitro, When the concentration of acidic polysaccharide was16mg/L, the ratio of scavenging superoxide radicals was73.68%in vitro. When theconcentration of acidic polysaccharide was2mg/mL, the ratio of inhibition HeLa Cell was73.68%in vitro.
⑷The n-BuOH extraction, which were extracted from the rest of offal deposited byethanol, demonstrated antioxidation and tumour inhibition in vitro. When the concentration ofn-BuOH extraction was3.3mg/mL, the ratio scavenging OH was24.35%in vitro, When theconcentration of n-BuOH extraction was1.4mg/L, the ratio of scavenging superoxideradicals was91.23%in vitro. When the concentration of n-BuOH extraction was20mg/mL,the ratio of inhibition HeLa Cell was12.49%in vitro. And then the n-BuOH extraction wereseparated and purified to afford8monomers. Compound1:2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-azine, Compound2:2,4-Dihydroxy-1,3-Diazine, Compound3:2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, Compound4:3-O-[β-D-quinovopranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-sodiumsulfatesulfate-β-D-xylopranosyl]-holosta-9(11)-ene-3β,12α,17α-triol, Compound5:4,4,8-trimethyl-hexahydrobenzofuran-2-en-methanol, Compound6:2,4-dimethyl benzoate, Compound7:2- (5-oxocyclopent-1-en)-acetate, Compound8:3-O-β-D-glucopranosyl-24-γ-ethyl-cholesterol.And then compound1,2and8were firstly obtained from the offal of sea cucumber.
引文
1.廖玉麟.中国动物志.北京,科学出版社.1997,1-2,147-159.
2.樊绘曾.海参：海中人参——关于海参及其成分保健医疗功能的研究与开发.中国海洋药物.2001,(4):37-44.
3.姜健,杨宝灵,邰阳.海参资源及其生物活性物质的研究.生物技术通讯.2004,15(5):537-540.
4.闫冰,李玲,易杨华.海参多糖的生物活性研究概况.药学实践杂志.2004,22(2):101-103.
5. Albano, R.M., Mour o, P.A.S. Isolation, fractionation, and preliminary characterization of a novelclass of sulfated glycans from the tunic of Styela plicata (Chordata Tunicata). The Journal ofBiological Chemistry.1986,261(2):758-765.
6. Mour o, P.A.S., Bastos, I.G. Highly acidic glycans from sea cucumbers: Isolation and fractionation offucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides from the body wall of Ludwigothurea grisea. European Journal ofBiochemistry.1987,166(3):639-645
7.盛文静.不同海参多糖提取分离及化学组成分析比较.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2007.
8. Yutaka, K., Shugo, W., Kanehisa, H., et al. Occurrence of chondroitin sulfate E in glycosaminoglycanisolated from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. The Journal of Biological Chemistry.1990,265:5081-5085.
9. Yutaka, K., Shugo, W., Mamoru, K., et al. Structure of fucose branches in the glycosaminoglycan fromthe body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Carbohydrate Research.1997,297:273-279.
10. Yutaka K., Barbara Mulloy, Kyoko Imai, et al. Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfatesfrom the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis.Carbohydrate Research.2004,339:1339-1346.
11.尹利昂.不同海参多糖的分离纯化及生化性质分析.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2009.
12.苏秀榕,娄永江,常亚青,等.海参的营养成分及海参多糖的抗肿瘤活性的研究.营养学报.2003,25(2):181-182.
13.胡人杰,于苏萍,姜卉,等.刺参黏多糖及考的松对小鼠移植瘤S180的作用.中国肿瘤临床.1992,19(1):72-75.
14.胡人杰,于苏萍,姜卉,等.刺参酸性粘多糖与可的松联用方案对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用.癌症.1997,16(6):422-424.
15.逄龙.海参主要活性物质对血管内皮细胞的保护作用及抗肿瘤活性的研究.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2007.
16.王振立,刘桂敏,邓瑞,等.刺参酸性黏多糖抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞DNA合成及其代谢研究.中国医药工业杂志.1993,24(9):405-408.
17.王静凤,王奕,赵琳,等.日本刺参的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用研究.中国海洋大学学报.2007,37(1):093~096.
18.王颖,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞caspase表达影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2008,23(3):191-194.
19.彭玲,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对HeLa细胞增殖分化的影响.青岛大学医学院学报.2008,44(3):212-216.
20.张笑雪,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对HeLa细胞PCNA表达及细胞周期的影响.山东医药.2008,48(46):19-21.
21.陈玲,于壮,宋扬,等.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌细胞凋亡的影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2009,24(2):95-97.
22.刘风仙,宋扬.刺参酸性黏多糖对宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡及Bax、Bcl-2基因表达的影响.实用医学杂志.2010,26(12):2089-2091.
23. Moon, J.H., Ryu, H.S., Yang, H.S., et al. Antimutagenic and Anticancer Effects of Glycoprotein andChondroitin Sulfates from Sea Cucumber(Stichopus japonicus). Journal of the Korean Society of FoodScience and Nutrition.1998,27(2):350-358.
24. Bulgakov, A.A., Petroval, Y., Eliseirina, M.B., et al. Properties of mannanbinding lectin from thecoelormc fluid of the sea cucumber stichopus japanicus. Biol Morya.1999,25(2):91.
25.马克韶,郝晓阁,王莉.刺参酸性粘多糖抗肿瘤肺转移的实验研究.海洋药物杂志.1982,(1):72.
26.梁延杰,魏树钧.刺参酸性粘多糖对小鼠移植性肺癌作用的病理组织学与超微结构观察.中西医结合杂志(基础理论研究特集).1988,61.
27.樊绘曾,陈菊娣,林克忠.刺参酸性粘多糖的分离及其理化性质.药学学报.1980,15(5):263.
28.李家增,包承鑫,陈关珍,等.刺参酸性粘多糖对止血功能影响的初步观察.中国中药杂志.1983,8(5):36-39.
29.樊绘曾,吴世馥,李毅敏.刺参糖胺聚糖的亚分级和各级分的理化特征与抗凝性质.中国生物化学与分子生物学报.1993,9(2):146-151.
30.马西, Lindhout, T., Beguin, S.,等.刺参酸性多糖抑制凝血酶活性作用的辅因子.中华血液学杂志.1990,11(5):241-243.
31.马西, Beguin, S., Hemker, H.C.刺参酸性粘多糖抑制血浆凝血酶生成的作用方式.中华血液学杂志.1990,11(5):237-240.
32. Nail, C.H., Sullivan, L.R., Singh, D., et al. Fibrin network structure as a determinant of fibrinolysis.Thromb Haemost.1989,62:86(abstr250).
33.杨晓光,陈关珍,罗晓玲,等. Sjamp对纤溶系统影响的初步观察.中国医学科学院院报.1990,12:187.
34.高存记,李家增,彭林,等.刺参酸性粘多糖对纤维蛋白凝胶结构及其溶解性的影响.中华血液学杂志.1996,17(9):458-461.
35. Kariya, Y., Sakai, T., Kaneko, T., et al. Enhancement of t-PA-mediated plasminogen activation bypartially defucosylated glycosaminoglycans fromthe sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Journal ofBiochemistry (Tokyo).2002,132(2):335-343.
36.马西.刺参酸性糖多糖抑制血浆凝血酶生成的作用方式.中华血液学杂志.1990,11(5):237.
37.李家增,连俊一.刺参酸性黏多糖对人和兔血小板的聚集作用.中华血液学杂志.1987,8(2):469.
38. Nagase, H., Enjyoji, K., Minamiiguchi, K, et al. Deploymerized holothurian glycosminoglycan withnovel anticoagulant actions: antithrombin Ⅲ and heparin cofacorⅡ-independent inhibitor of factor Xactivation by factor Ⅷ complex and heparin cofactor Ⅱ-dependent inhibition of therombin. Blood.1995,85:1527.
39. Liu, H.H., Kow, C., Hu, M.L. Hypolipidemic effect of glycosaminoglycans from the cucumberMetriatyla scabra in rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet. Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry.2002,50(12):3602-3606.
40.孙玲,徐迎辉,许华林.刺参酸性黏多糖对细胞免疫功能的增强作用.生物化学与生物物理进展.1991,18(5):394.
41.邱鹏新,黎明涛,唐孝礼,等.黑海参多糖对-淀粉样蛋白诱导的皮质神经元凋亡的保护作用.中草药.2000,31(4):271-274.
42.罗兵,马忠兵,王笑峰,等.刺参糖胺聚糖对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型抑制作用的实验研究.中国海洋药物杂志.2008,27(6):44-48.
43. Pace, J.M., Corrado, M., Missero, C., et al. Byers. Identification, characterization and expressionanalysis of a new fibrilar collagen gene, COL27A1. Matrix Biology.2003,22(1):3-14.
44.高菲.刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)营养成分、食物来源及消化生理的季节变化.博士学位论文.青岛,中国科学院海洋研究所.2008
45.毕琳.刺参(Stichopus japonicus)体壁胶原蛋白的理化性质和生物活性研究.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2006.
46. Matsumura, T. Collagen fibrils of the sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus: purification andmorphological study. Connective Tissue Research.1974,2(2):117~125.
47. Kariya, Y., Watabe, S., Ochial, Y. Glycosaminoglycan involved in the cation-induced change of bodywall structure of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Connective Tissue Research.1990,25:149-159.
48. Totter, Koob. Biochemical characterization of fibrillar collagen from the mutable spine ligament of thesea-urchin Eucidaris tribuloides. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.1994,107B:125-134.
49. Totter, Thurmond, Koob. Covalent composition of collagen fibrils from the dermis of the seacucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, a tissue with mutable mechanical properties. ComparativeBiochemistry and Physiology.1995.112A:463-478.
50. Saito, M., Kunisaki, N., Urano, N., et al. Collagen as the Major Edible Component of Sea Cucumber(Stichopus japonicus). Journal of Food Science.2002,67(4):1319-1322.
51.崔凤霞,薛长湖,李兆杰,等.仿刺参胶原蛋白的提取及理化性质.水产学报.2006,30(4):549-553.
52. Richard, J.F., Brain, A.M., Daniel, J.W. The emerging role of diary protein and bioactive peptides innutrition and health. Journal of Nutrition.2004,134(4):980-988.
53.王增蕾.仿刺参和一种肉质软珊瑚化学成分及生物活性研究.博士学位论文.上海,第二军医大学.2009.1-64.
54. Kitagawa, I., Yamanaka, H., Kobayashi, M., et al. Saponin and sapogenal XXIV. Rivised structure ofholotoxin A and holotoxin B, two antifungal oligoglycosides from the sea cucumber Stichopusjaponicus Selenka. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin.1978,26(12):3722-3731.
55. KeIecom, A., Daloze, D., Tursch, B. Chemical studies of marine invertebrates triterpene geninsartifacts form thelothurins A and B, toxic saponins of sea cucumber Thelonota ananas jaeger(echinodermata) biosynthesis of thelothurins. Tetrahedron.1976,32:2353-2359.
56. Maltsev, I.I., Stonik, V.A., Kalinovsky, A.I., et al. Triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Stichopusjaponicus Selenka. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.1984,78:421-426.
57. Anisimov, M.M., Prokofieva, N.G., Korotkikh, L.Y., et al. Comparative study of cytototic activity oftriterpene glycosides from marine organisms. Toxicon.1980,20(1):221-223.
58. Kitagawa, I., Sugawara, T., Yosioka. Saponin and sapogenol.XV. Antifungal glycosides from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus selenka(2): Structures of holotoxin A and holotoxin B. Chemical andPharmaceutical Bulletin.1976,24(2):275-284.
59.刘雪莉,钱伯初.日本海洋天然活性物质研究简况.中国海洋药物.1997,(1):46.
60.丛日山,袁文鹏,樊廷俊,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离制备及抗真菌活性的研究.中国海洋大学学报.2006,36(6):959-964.
61.袁文鹏,丛日山,杨秀霞,等.水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抗真菌活性研究.山东大学学报(理学版).2007,42(5):69-74.
62. Popov, A.M. Comparative study of cytotoxic and hemolytic effects of triterpenoids isolated fromGinseng and Sea cucumber. Izvestiia Akademii Nauk. Seriia Biologicheskaia/Rossiiskaia AkademiiaNauk.2002,2:155-164.
63.樊廷俊,袁文鹏,丛日山,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抑瘤活性研究.药学学报.2009,44(1):25~31.
64.逄龙,王静凤,王玉明,等.北极刺参多糖、皂苷和胶原蛋白多肽对血管内皮细胞的保护作用.中国医科大学学报.2007,38(5):437-441.
65.赵芹,王静凤,薛勇,等.3种海参的主要活性成分和免疫调节作用的比较研究.中国水产科学.2008,15(1):154-159.
66.王静凤,高森,逄龙,等.3种海参的皂苷对血管内皮细胞作用的比较研究.中国海洋大学学报.2008,38(2):221-224.
67.宋迪,吉爱国,梁浩,等.刺参生物活性物质的研究进展.中国生化药物杂志.2006,27(5):316-319.
68. Aminin, D.L., Anisimov, M.M. Biological function of holotoxins in body of holothurian Stichopusjaponicus. Recent Advances in Toxinology Research (Gopalakrishnakone, P&Tan, CK, eds).1992,2:562-575.
69. Mats, M.N., Korkhov, V.V., Stepanov, V.R., et al. The contraceptive activity of triterpeneglycosides-the total sum of holotoxins A1and B1and holothurin A in an experiment. FarmakologiiaiToksikologiia.1990,53(2):45-47.
70.刘慧佳.刺海参甾醇的提取、分离和鉴定.硕士学位论文.吉林,吉林大学.2008.
71. Odinstsova, N.A., Nesterov, A.M. A growth factor from tissues of the muscle Mytilus edulis.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiolog.1993,105(4):667.
72. Li, J.Z. Antithrombin activity and platelet aggegation by acid mtcopolysacchride from Stichopusjaponicus Selenka. China Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.1985,6:107.
73. Mats, M.N., Korkhov, V.V. The contraceptive activity of triterpene glycoside——the total sum ofholotox in A1an d B1and holothurin A in an experiment. Farmakol Toksikol.1990,53:45.
74.向怡卉,苏秀榕,董明敏.海参体壁及消化道的氨基酸和脂肪酸分析.水产科学.2006,25(6):280-282.
75.袁文鹏,刘昌衡,王小军,等.仿刺参不同部位营养成分的分析及综合评价.食品工业科技.2010,31(05):348-350.
76. Yamada, K. Chemo-pharmaceutical studies on the glycosphingolipid constituents from echinoderm,sea cucumbers, as the medicinal materials. Yakugaku Zasshi.2002,122(12):1133-1143.
77. Fumiaki, K., Yamada, K., Kaneko, M., et al. Constituents of holothuroidea14. Isolation and structureof new glucocerebroside molecular species from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Chemical andPharmaceutical Bulletin.2005,53(4):382-386.
78. Kaneko, M., Kisa, F., Yamada, K., et al. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus. European Journal of Organic Chemistry.1999:3171-3174.
79. Fu, X.Y., Xue C.H., Miao B.C, et al. Characterization of proteases from the digestive tract of seacucumber(Stichopus japonicus):High alkaline protease activity. Aquaculture.2005,246:321-329.
80. Aoki, H., Ahsan, M.N., Matsuo, K., et al. Purification and characterization of collagenolytic proteasesfrom the hepatopancreas of northern shrimp(Pandaluseous). Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry.2003,51:777-783.
81.朱蓓薇,韩冰.海参自溶酶的分离纯化和部分性质研究.食品与发酵工业.2004,30(4):132-137.
82.韩冰,朱蓓薇.阴离子交换柱（DEAE-52）层析纯化海参自溶酶.大连轻工业学院学报.2004,23(2):118-121.
83.郭淑元,叶盛,王政,等.精氨酸激酶及其底物复合物的结晶和结晶学初步研究.自然科学进展.2004,14(12):1475-1478.
84. Matsuno, T., Ito, T. Gonadal Pigments of Sea-Cucumber Stichopus japonicus Selenka(Echinodermata). Specialia.1971,27(5):509.
85.王夔.生命科学中的微量元素.第二版.北京中国计量出版社.1996.
86.孔祥瑞.必需微量元素的营养生理及临床意义.第一版.安徽科学技术出版社.1982,353-360.
87.李平.海参的生药学研究.硕士学位论文.南京.南京中药大学.2001.
88.王莹,康万利,辛士刚,邢万全.鲍鱼、海参中微量元素的分析研究.2009,29(2)：511-514.
89.孙显武.刺参的加工技术.中国水产.2002,6:71.
90.李志平,傅璞,杨伟元,等.刺参冻干技术研究.海洋渔业.2004,26(1):52-56.
91. zer, N.P., Sühendan Mol, Candan Varhk. Effect of the handling procedures on the chemicalcomposition of sea cucumber. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2004,4:71-74.
92. Chang-Lee, M.V., Price, R.J., Lampila, L.E. Effect of processing on proximate composition andmineral content of sea cucumbers (Parastichopus spp.). Journal of Food Science.1989,54:567-568.
93. Richard, W., Howard, J., Bindu, J. Flies, fish and food. Biologist.2002,49(3):123~126.
94. Mansell, R., Suite, B., Roswell, G.A. Engineering a―fish-dry‖. Food Engineering.2002,(11):30.
95.徐万学.无营养流失的海参干品及其加工方法.中国专利:1494914,2004-12-29.
96.李兆杰,薛长湖,董平,等.一种干海参的加工方法.中国专利:1559296,2005-01-05.
97.倪静安,张墨英.食品真空冷冻干燥技术进展.冷饮与速冻食品工业.1997,3(4):35-37.
98. Maskan. M. Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot air andmicrowave drying. Journal of Food Engineering.2001,48:177~182.
99.宋述孝,王官德,刘芳.冻干水发海参及其汤包的制作方法.中国专利:1398552,2003-02-26.
1.袁秀堂,杨红生,陈慕雁,等.刺参夏眠的研究进展.海洋科学.2007,31(8):88-90.
2.高菲,杨红生,许强.刺参体壁脂肪酸组成的季节变化.海洋科学.2009,33(4):14-19.
3.王方雨,杨红生,高菲,等.刺参体腔液几种免疫指标的周年变化.海洋科学.2009,33(7):75-80.
4. Conand, C., Byrne, M.. A review of recent developments in the world sea cucumber fisheries.Marine Fisheries Review.1993,55(4):1-13.
5. Hamel, J.F., Mercier, A. Sea cucumbers: Current fishery and prospects for aquaculture.Aquaculture Magazine.1997,23(1):42-53.
6. Chang-Lee, M.V., Lucinae, R.J.P., Lampila. Effect of Processing on Proximate Composition andMineral Content of Sea Cucumbers (Parastichopus spp.). Journal of Food Science.1989,54(3):567-568.
7.乔聚海,程波.刺参人工池塘养殖现状及展望.海洋科学.2005,29(9):80-82.
8.夏远景,刘志军,李宁,等.超高压处理对海参自溶酶活性影响的研究.高压物理学报.2009,23(5):377-383.
9.李志平,傅璞,杨伟元,等.刺参冻干技术研究.海洋渔业.2004,26(1):52-56.
10. Richard, W., Howard, J., Bindu, J. Flies, fish and food. Biologist.2002,49(3):123-126.
11. Mansell, R., Suite, B., Roswell, G.A. Engineering a―fish-dry‖. Food Engineerig.2002,(11):30.
12. zer, N.P., Sühendan Mol, Candan Varhk. Effect of the Handling Procedures on the ChemicalComposition of Sea Cucumber. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2004,4:71-74.
13.孙妍,薛长湖,齐祥明,等.干燥前预处理对海参干燥过程及产品品质的影响.中国海洋大学学报.2006,36(增刊Ⅱ):57-61.
14. Sánchez-Machado, D.I., Lopez-Cervantes, J., Lopez-Hernandez, J., Paseiro-Losada, P. Fatty acids,total lipid, protein and ash contents of processed edible seaweeds. Food Chemistry.2004,85:439-444.
15. Guler, G.O., Kiztanir, B., Aktumsek, A., et al. Determination of the seasonal changes on total fattyacid composition and ω3/ω6ratios of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) muscle lipids in Beysehir Lake(Turkey). Food Chemistry.2008,108:689-694.
16. Arts, M.T., Ackman, R.G., Holub, B. J.―Essential fatty acids‖in aquatic ecosystems: a cruciallink between diet and human health and evolution. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and AquaticSciences.2001,58:122-137.
17. Bell, J.G., Mcvicar, A.H., Park, M.T., et al. High dietary linoleic acid affects fatty acidcompositions of individual phospholipids from tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar):association with stress susceptibility and cardiac lesion. Journal of Nutrition.1991,121:1163-1172.
18. Alasalvar, C., Taylor, K. D. A., Zubcov, E., et al. Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass(Dicent rarchus labrax): total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. FoodChemistry.2002,79:145-150.
19. Simopoulos, A.P. Omega-3fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal ofAmerican College Nutrition.2003,21:495-505.
20. Simopoulos, A.P. Omega-3fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development, areview. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1991,54:438-463.
21. Bézard, J., Blond, J. P., Bernard, A., et al. The metabolism and availability of essential fatty acidsin animal and human tissues. Reproduction Nutrition Development.1994,34:539-568.
22.王莹,康万利,辛士刚,等.鲍鱼、海参中微量元素的分析研究.2009,29(2):511-514.
23.樊绘曾,陈菊娣,吕培宏,等.玉足海参酸性多糖的研究.药学学报.1983,18(3):203~208.
24.陈菊娣,樊绘曾,邢蕊凝,等.花刺参酸性粘多糖的分离研究.中国海洋药物.1994,1:24-26.
25.唐孝礼,邱鹏新,黎明涛,等.黑海参酸性粘多糖的分离纯化.中药材.1999,22(5):223-225.
26. Sun, W.H., Leng, K.L., Lin, H. Analysis and evaluation of chief nutrient composition in differentparts of Stichopus Japonicus. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition.2010,22:212-220.
27. Maskan, M. Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot air andmicrowave drying. Journal of Food Engineering.2001,48:177-182.
28. Arslan, D., zcan, M.M., Menges, H.O. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to dryingparameters, some nutritional and colour characteristics of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.).Energy Conversion and Management.2010,51:2769–2775.
29. Arslan, D., zcan, M.M. Stud y the effect of sun, oven and mic rowave drying on quality ofonion slices. Food Science and Technology.2010,43:1121-1127.
30. Ratti, C. Hot air and freeze-drying of high-value foods: a review. Journal of Food Engineering.2001,49:311-319.
31. Attanasio, G., Cinquanta, L., Albanese, D., et al. Effects of drying temperatures onphysico-chemical properties of dried and rehydrated chestnuts (Castanea sativa). Food Chemistry.2004,88:583-590.
32.赵前程,刘先琳,李智博,等.海参加工废弃液中多糖及其组分的分析与回收.大连海洋大学学报.2010,25(5):434-438.
33.樊廷俊,袁文鹏,丛日山,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抑瘤活性研究.药学学报.2009,44(1):25-31.
34.袁文鹏,丛日山,杨秀霞,等.水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抗真菌活性研究.2007,42(5):69-73.
35.丛日山,袁文鹏,樊廷俊,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离制备及抗真菌活性的研究.2006,36(6):959-964.
36. Anese, M., Nicoli, M.C., Dallpaglio, G., et al. Effect of high pressure treatments on peroxidaseand polyphenoloxidase activities. Journal of Food Biochemistry.1995,18:285-293.
37. Roy P., Colas B., Durand, P. Purification, kinetical and molecular characterizations of a serinecollagenolytic protease from greenshore crag(Carcinus maenas) digestive gland. Comp BiochemPhysiol B Biochem Mol Biol.1996,115:87-95.
38. Serviere-Zaragoza, E., Navarrete del Toro, M.A., García-Carre o, F.L. Protein-hydrolyzingenzymes in the digestive systems of the adult Mexican blue abalone, Haliotis fulgens(Gastropoda). Aquaculture.1997,157:325-336.
39. Suzuki, T., Imait, K. Comparative studies of the indoleamine dioxygenase-like myoglobin fromthe abalone Sulculus diversicolor. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.1997,117:599-604.
40. Hendrickx, M., Ludikhuyze, L.,Van den Broeck, I., et al. Effects of high pressure on enzymesrelated to food quality. Trends in Food Science&Technology.1998,9:197-203.
41. Savary, B.J., Hicks, K.B., óconnor, J.V. Hexose oxidase from chondruscrispus improvedpurification using perfusion chromatograp. Enzyme and Microb Technol.2001,29:42-51.
42. Aoki, H., Ahsan, M. N., Matsuo, K., et al. Purification and characterization of collagenolyticproteases from the hepat opancreas of northern shrimp(Pandalus eous). Journal of AgricultrueFood Chemistry.2003,51:777-783.
43. Fu, X.Y, Xue, C.H, Miao B.C., et al. Characterization of proteases from the digestive tract of seacucumber(Stichopus japonicus): High alkaline protease activity. Aquaculture.2005,246:321-329.
44.宋迪,吉爱国,梁浩,等.刺参生物活性物质的研究进展.中国生化药物杂志.2006,27(5):316-319.
45. Gao X., Xue D.M, Zhang Z.H, et al. Rheological and Structural Properties of Sea CucumberStichopus japonicus During Heat Treatment. Journal of Ocean University of China.2005,4(3):244-247.
46. Saito, M., Kunisaki, N., Urano, N., et al. Collagen as the major edible component of seacucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Food Chemistry and Toxicology.2002,67(4):1319.
47. Soysal, Y., ztekin, S. Technical and econemic performance of a tray dryer for medicinal andaromatic plants. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research.2001,79(1):73-79.
48. zcan, M., Arslan, D., ünver, A. Effect of drying methods on the mineral content of basil(Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Food Engineering.2005,69:375-379.
49.黄日明,王宾,刘永宏.海参的化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况.中成药.2009,31(8):1263-1269.
50. zcan, M., Arslan, D., ünever, A. Efect of drying methods on the mineral content of basil(Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Food Engineering.2005,69:375-379.
51. Arslan, D., zcan, M.M. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineralcontent and colour characteristics of rosemary leaves. Energy Conversion and Management.2008,49:1258-1264.
52. Miranda, M., Maureira, H., Rodríguez, K., et al. Infuence of temperature on the drying kinetics,physicochemical properties, and antioxidant capacity of Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller) gel.Journal of Food Engineering.2009,91:297-304.
53. Miranda, M., Vega-Gálvez, A., López, J., et al. Impact of air-drying temperature on nutritionalproperties, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of quinoa seeds (ChenopodiumquinoaWilld.). Ind Crop Prod.2010,32:258-263.
54.毕琳.刺参(Stichopus japonicus)体壁胶原蛋白的理化性质和生物活性研究.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2006.
55.穆畅道,朱梅湘,林炜.利用皮边角料提取食品级胶原蛋白/多肽（Ⅱ）重要物理性质和微生物技术分析.中国皮革.2003,32(15):21-24.
56. Mulloy, B., Mour, O.P.A.S., Gray, E. Structure/function studies of anticoagulant sulphatedpolysaccharides using NMR. Journal of Biotechnology.2000,77(1):123-135.
57. Paulo, A. S., Mour, O., Marco, A. M., et al. Antithrombotic activity of a fucosylated chondroitinsulphate from echinoderm: sulphated fucose branches on the polysaccharide account for itsantithrombotic action. British journal of haematology.1998,101(4):647-652.
58. Mun Jeong Hye, Ryu Hong Su, Yang Hun Seok, et al. Antimutagenic and anticancer effects ofglycoprotein and chondroitn sulfates from sea cucumber(Stichopus japonicus). The KoreanSociety of Food Science and Nutrition.1998,27(2):350-350.
59.李青选.海洋天然产物：抗AIDS活性物质的来源.中国海洋药物.1993,12(3):22-25.
60.邱鹏新,黎明涛,唐孝礼.黑海参多糖对β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的皮质神经元凋亡的保护作用.中草药.2000,31:271-274.
61. Kaneko, M., Kisa, F., Ya mada, K., et al. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus. Eur J Org Chem.1999:3171-3174.
62.袁文鹏.仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其药理活性研究.博士论文.2007.
63.董平,薛长湖,盛文静,等.海参中总皂苷含量测定方法的研究.中国海洋药物杂志.2008,27(1):28-32.
64. Li J.Z., Lian E.C. Aggregation of human platelets by acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted fromStichopus japonicus Selenka. Thromb Haemost.1988,59(3):435-439.
65. Horrocks, L.A., Yeo, Y.K. Health benefits of docosahex-aenoic acid (DHA). PharmacologicalResearch.1999,40:211-225.
66.王红.中国北方海域扇贝产品质量的比较研究.北京:中国科学院研究生院.2007.
1孙妍.海参干燥动力学.硕士学位论文.青岛.中国海洋大学.2007.
2常亚青,隋锡林,李俊.刺参增养殖业现状、存在问题与展望.水产科学.2006,25(4):198-201.
3樊绘曾.海参:海中人参——关于海参及其成分保健医疗功能的研究与开发.中国海洋药物.2001,4(82):37-44.
4李丹彤,宋亮,钟莉,等.刺参凝集素的分离纯化及其性质.水产学报.2005,29(5):654-658.
5苏秀榕,娄永江,常亚青,等.海参的营养成分及海参多糖的抗肿瘤活性的研究.营养学报.2003,25(2):181-182.
6袁秀堂,杨红生,陈慕雁,等.刺参夏眠的研究进展.海洋科学.2007,31(8):88-90.
7乔聚海,程波.刺参人工池塘养殖现状及展望.海洋科学.2005,29(9):80-82.
8Fu, X.Y., Xue C.H, Miao, B.C., et al. Characterization of proteases from the digestive tract ofsea cucumber(Stichopus japonicus):High alkaline protease activity. Aquaculture.2005,246:321-329.
9夏翠凤.开拓海参消费市场的探讨.中国渔业经济.2004,3:49-50.
10干海参(刺参):中华人民共和国水产行业标准(SC/T3206-2000).
11冷福臻.海参的加工方法.中国专利:1559295,2005-01-05.
12徐万学.无营养流失的海参干品及其加工方法.中国专利:1494914,2004-12-29.
13李兆杰,薛长湖,董平,等.一种干海参的加工方法.中国专利:1559296,2005-01-05.
14刁丕仁.国内首条海参冻干生产线在大连投产.中国食品学报.2004,6:21.
15Medeni Maskan. Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot airand microwave drying. Journal of Food Engineering,2001,48:177-182。
16Sun, W.H., Leng K.L., Lin, H. Analysis and evaluation of chief nutrient composition in differentparts of Stichopus Japonicus. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition.2010,22:212-220.
17Ohtani, M., Iwakoshi, E., Muneoka, Y., et al. Isolation and characterization of bioactive peptidesfrom the sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus. Peptide Science-Present and Future.2002,419-420.
18Saito, M., Kunisaki, N., Urano, N. et al. Collagen as the Major Edible Component of SeaCucumber(Stichopus japonicus). Journal of Food Science.2002,67(4):1319-1322.
19Totter, Thurmond, Koob. Covalent composition of collagen fibrils from the dermis of the seacucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, a tissue with mutable mechanical properties. Comp. Biochem.Physiol.1995,112A:463-478.
20黄日明,王宾,刘永宏.海参的化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况.中成药.2009,31(8):1263-1269.
21Morimura, S., Nagata, H., Uemura, Y. et al. Development of an effective process for utilizationof collagen from livestock and fish waste. Process Biochemistry.2002,37:1403-1412.
22李志平,傅璞,杨伟元,等.刺参冻干加工技术研究.海洋渔业.2004,26(1):52-56.
23Suzuki, H., Park, S.J., Tamura, M., et al. Effect of the long-term feeding of dietary lipids on thelearning ability, fatty acid composition of brain stem phospholipids and synaptic membranefluidity in adult mice: a comparison of sardine oil diet with palm oil diet. Mechanisms of Ageingand Development.1998,101:119-128.
24Birch, E.E., Garfield, S., Hoffman, D.R., et al. Arandomized controlled trial of early dietarysupply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in term infants.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology.2000,42:174-181.
25Simopoulos, A.P. The importance of the ratio omega-6/omega-3essential fatty acids.Biomedicine&Pharmacotherapy.2002,56:365-379.
26Simopoulos, A.P. Omega-3fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal of theAmerican College of Nutrition.2002,21:495-505.
27Sánchez-Machado, D.I., Lopez-Cervantes, J., Lopez-Hernandez, J., et al. Fatty acids, total lipid,protein and ash contents of processed edible seaweeds. Food Chemistry.2004,85:439-444.
28Henderson, R.J., Tocher, D.R. The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish.Progress in Lipid Research.1987,26(4):281-347.
29王红.中国北方海域扇贝产品质量的比较研究.北京:中国科学院研究生院.2007.
30Kinsella, J.E., Lokesh, B., Stone, R.A. Dietary n-3polyunsaturated fatty acids and ameliorationof cardiovascular disease: Possible mechanism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1990,52:1-28.
31Bell, J.G., Mcvicar, A.H., Park, M.T., et al. High dietary linoleic acid affects fatty acidcompositions of individual phospholipids from tissues of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar):association with stress susceptibility and cardiac lesion. Journal of Nutrition.1991,121:1163-1172.
32Takamasa KASAI. Lipid contents and fatty acid composition of total lipid of sea cucumberStichopus japonicus and Konowata(Salted Sea Cucumber Entrails). Food Science andTechnology Research.2003,9(1):45–48.
33Kariya, Y., Watabes, S., Hashimoto, K., et al. Occurrence of chondroitin sulfate E inglycosaminoglycan isolated from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. TheJournal of Biological Chemistry.1990,265(9):5081-5085.
34Kariya, Y., Watabe, S., Ochiai, Y., et al. Glycosaminoglycan from the body wall of the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.1990,95B(2):387-392.
35Kariya, Y., Mulloy, B., Imai, K., et al. Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfatesfrom the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibitosteoclastogenesis. Carbohydrate Research.2004,339:1339–1346
36孙鹏,易杨华,李玲,等.海参皂苷的生源分类和化学结构特征(楯手目).中国天然药物.2007,5(6):463-469.
37Matsuno, T., Ito, T. Gonadal pigments of sea-cucumber Stichopus japonicus selenka(echinodermata). Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.1971,27(5):509.
38李馥馨,刘永宏,宋本祥,等.刺参（A.japonicus Selenka）夏眠习性研究II——夏眠致因的探讨.中国水产科学.1996,3(2):49-57.
1.姜健,杨玲宝,邰阳.海参资源及其生物活性物质的研究.生物技术通讯.2004,15(5):537-540.
2.罗振,张天民.由低抗凝肝素制得低分子肝素的分子量与抗血栓作用的关系.中国药学杂志.1991,26(9):552-554.
3.范绘曾,吴世馥,李毅敏.刺参糖胺聚糖的亚分级的理化的特征与抗凝性质.生物化学杂志.1993,9(2):146-151.
4.马丽,覃小林,刘雄民,等.不同的脱蛋白方法用于螺旋藻多糖提取工艺的研究.食品科学.2004,25(6):116-119.
5.唐孝礼,邱鹏新,黎明涛,等.黑海参酸性粘多糖的分离纯化.中药材.1999,22(5):223-225.
6.郑艾初,陈健,彭超英.糙海参酸性粘多糖的提取纯化工艺探讨.现代食品科技.2007,23(5):65-67.
7.赵峡,苗辉,范慧红,等.用GPC法测定硫酸多糖911的分子量和分子量分布.青岛海洋大学学报.2000,30(4):623-626.
8.李静,左雄军.水溶性凝胶渗透色谱法测定芸芝多糖组分的分子量及其相对含量.分析化学，1999,27(8):942-944.
9.魏远安,方积年.高效凝胶渗透法测定多糖纯度和分子量.药学学报.1989,24:532.
10.李石军,张玉,王凯平,等.一大分子量香菇多糖的提取分离纯化.中草药.2011,33(6):1063-1065.
11. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars andrelated substances. Anal. Chem.1956,28:350-356.
12.王卫国,吴强,胡宝坤,等.几种测定灰树花多糖中蛋白质含量方法的比较研究.中国食用菌.2003,22(1):27-30.
13.刘红英,薛长湖,李兆杰,等.海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯测定方法的研究.青岛海洋大学学报.2002,32(2):236–240.
14. Dodgson, K.， Price，R.. A note on the determination of the ester sulfate content of sulfatedpolysaccharides. Journal of biological chemistry.1962,84:106-110.
15. Bitter, T., Muir, H.M.. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal. Biochem.1962,4:330-334.
16. Strydom, D.J. Chromatographic separation of1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-derivatized neutral,acidic and basic aldoses. J Chromatogr A.1994,678:17-23.
17. D. Fu, O’Neill, R.A. Monosaccharide composition analysis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins byhigh-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem.1995,227(2):377-384.
18. Honda, S., Suzuki, S., Taga, A. Analysis of carbohydrates as1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolonederivatives by capillary/microchip electrophoresis and capillary electrochro-matography. J PharmBiomed Anal.2003，30(6)：1689-1714.
19. Yutaka, K., shugo, W., Mamoru, K., et al. Structure of fucose branches in the glycosaminoglycan fromthe body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Carbohydrate Research.1997,297:273-279
20.石学连,张晶晶,宋厚芳,等.浒苔多糖的分级纯化及保湿活性研究.海洋科学.2010,34(7):81-86,99.
21.马定远,陈君,李萍,等.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析多糖中的单糖组成.分析化学研究简报.2002,30(6):702-705.
22. Hsieh, C.L., Yen, G.C. Antioxidant actions of du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) toward oxidativedamage in biomolecules. Life Sci.2000,66(15):1387-1400.
23.袁文鹏.仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其药理活性研究.博士论文.2007.
24.靳菊清,丁冬宁,边晓丽,等.银杏叶多糖的化学及清除羟自由基作用.西安医科大学学报.2000,21(5):417-419.
25. Jin Ming, Cai Yaxin, Li Jinrong, Zhao Hui.1,10-phenanthroline-Fe2+oxidative assay of hydroxyradical produced by H22O2/Fe+. Prog Biochem Biophy.1996,23(6):553-555.
26.张京芳,王冬梅,周丽,等.香椿叶提取物不同极性部位体外抗氧化活性研究.中国食品学报.2007,7(5):2-16.
27.钦传光,周军,赵文,等泥鳅多糖清除活性氧和保护DNA链的作用.生物化学与生物物理学报.2001,33(2):215-218.
28.陈红惠，彭光华.雪莲果叶酚酸抗氧化能力的研究.食品工业科技.2011,32(01):103-105.
29.杜小豪,徐卫,杜雪洁.护肤产品的保湿功能评价.日用化学工业.2000,3:47-52.
30.秦允荣,王昌涛,何聪芬.单一保湿剂体外保湿功能的评价.日用化学工业.2006,36(3):199-201.
31.王楠,汤仲明. MTT方法测定培养细胞抗药水平的评价.中国药理学通报,1996,9(1):78-81
32.彭玲,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对Hela细胞增殖分化的影响.青岛大学医学院学报.2008,44(33):212-216.
33.王颖,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌Hela细胞caspase表达影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2008,23(3):191-194.
34.杨联松,檀根甲,徐美清.茶多酚抑菌作用和防腐效果初探.安徽农业科学.1996,24(4):373-375.
35.杨艳彬,朱丽莉,唐明翔,等.蜂胶抑菌作用的研究.食品科技.1999,(6):32-34.
36.盛文静.不同海参多糖的提取分离及化学组成分析比较.硕士学位论文.2007.
37.武晓琳,常耀光,王静凤,薛长湖,王玉明.不同分子量海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的制备及消化吸收特性的初步研究.中国海洋药物杂志.2011,30(3):20-24.
38.尹利昂.不同海参多糖的分离纯化及生化性质分析.硕士学位论文.2009
39. Yutaka, K., Barbara, M., Kyoko, I., Akihiro, T., Takuji, K., Akira, A., Kiyoshi, S., Hiroyuki, M.,Mamoru, K., Tadashi, I.. Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfates from the body wall ofsea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. CarbohydrateResearch.2004,339(7):1339-1346.
40.王长云,管华诗.氨基多糖的提取、分离和分析测定方法及其研究进展.中国海洋药物.1996,15(1):24-32.
41.赵前程,刘先琳,李智博,何云海,李伟,汪秋宽.海参加工废弃液中多糖及其组分的分析与回收.大连海洋大学学报.2010,25(5):434-438.
42.沈明,陈建伟.氨基多糖的药理研究进展.上海医药.2001,22(6):268.
43. Maruyama, T., Toida, T., Imanari, T., et al. Conformational changes and anticoagulant activity ofchondroitin sulfate following its O-sulfonation. Carbohydrate Research.1998,306:35～43.
44.魏经建,邵树军,王天元.硫酸脂化多糖及临床应用研究进展.中国生化药物杂志.1999,20(5):260-262.
45.陈丽萍，王弘.硫酸多糖的结构与生物活性关系研究现状.广州化工.2005,33(5):21-23.
46.陈菊娣,樊绘曾,等.花刺参酸性粘多糖的分离研究.中国海洋药物.1994,13(1):24-26.
47.张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州：浙江大学出版社.1999.第二版：11-12.
48. Strydom, D.J. Chromatographic separation of1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatized neutral,acidic and basic aldoses. Journal of Chromatography A.1994,678(11):17-23.
49. Fu, D.T., Oneill, R.A.. Monosaccharide composition analysis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins byhigh-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Biochemistry.1995,227(2):377-384.
50. Lingyi Zhang, Jin Xu, Lihua Zhang, et al. Determination of1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-labeledcarbohydrates by liquid chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Journal ofChromatography B.2003,793:159-65.
51.周斌,张承明,张承聪,等.烟草中糖类的1-苯-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮衍生化与HPLC分析方法研究.云南化工.2006,33(6):40-44.
52.杨兴斌,赵燕,等.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析当归多糖的单糖组成.分析化学研究简报.2005,33(9):1287-1290.
53.林雪,贾敬芬,黄琳娟,王仲孚. RP-HPLC用于芦荟多糖的单糖组成研究.食品科学.2006,27(4):192-195.
54.井泽良,刘兴华,关文强.真菌寡聚糖单糖组成（HPLC）分析及诱导抗病活性初步研究.食品研究与开发.2006,27(1):53-56.
55. Albano, R.M., Mour o, P.A. Isolation, fractionation, and preliminary characterization of a novel classof sulfated glycans from the tunic of Styela plicata (Chordata Tunicata). Journal of biologicalchemistry.1986,261(2):758-765.
56. Ana, M. L., Karin, R.M.A., Rafael, S.A., et.al. A sulfated polysaccharide from the sarcoplasmicreticulum of sea cucumber. Glycobiology.2000,10(8):773-779.
57. Mour o, P.A.S, Mariana, S., Pav o M.S.G. Structure and anticoagulant activity of a fucosylatedchondroitin sulfate from echinoderm. Journal of biological chemistry.1996,271(39):23973-23984.
58. Yutaka, K., Shugo, W., Mamoru, K., et al. Structure of fucose branches in the glycosaminoglycan fromthe body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Carbohydrate Research.1997,297(39):273-279.
59. Vieira, R.P., Mour o, P.A.S. Occurrence of a unique fucose-branched chondroitin sulfate in the bodywall of a sea cucumber. Journal of Biological Chemistry.1988,263(34):18176-18183.
60.孟令芝,龚淑玲,何永炳.有机波谱分析.武汉：武汉大学出版社(第二版).2005:214-218.
61. Melo, M.R.S., Feitosa, J.P.A., Freitas, A.L.P., Paulab, R.C.M de. Isolation and characterization ofsoluble sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria cornea. Carbohydrate Polymers.2002,49(2):491-498.
62. Bernardi, G., Springer, G.F. Properties of highly purified fucan. Journal of Biological Chemistry.1962,237(1):75-80.
63. Duarte, M.E.R., Cardoso Marc, Noseda, M.D., Cerezo, A.S. Structural studies on fucoidans from thebrown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum. Carbohydrate Research.2001,333(4):281-293.
64. Vieira, R.P., Barbara mulloy, Mour o, P.A.S. Structure of a fucose-branched chondroitin sulfatefrom sea cucumber. Journal of Biological Chemistry.1991,266(21):13530-13536.
65.郭青枝,赵二劳,白建华.沙棘叶提取物抗氧化性能研究.化学与生物工程.2008,25(3):58-59.
66.单承莺,任红荣,何海玲,等.毛胶薯蓣多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究.食品与发酵工业.2009,35(12):86-89.
67.张之南,沈悌.血液病诊断及疗效标准.第2版.北京:科学出版社,1998:373-374.
68. Bladé, J., Samsom, D., Reece, D., Apperley, J., Bj rkstrand, B., Gahrton, G., Gertz, M., Giralt, S.,Jagannath, S., Vesole, D. Criteria for evaluating disease response and progression in patients withmultiple Myeloma treated by high-dose therapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. BritishJournal of Haematology.1998,102:1115-1123.
69.王颖,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌Hela细胞caspase表达影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2008,23(3):191-194.
70.陈玲,于壮,宋扬,张笑雪,李明君.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌细胞凋亡的影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2009,24(2):95-97.
71.彭玲,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对Hela细胞增殖分化的影响.青岛大学医学院学报.2008,24(3):212-216.
1.樊绘曾.海参:海中人参———关于海参及其成分保健医疗功能的研究与开发.中国海洋药物.2001,4(82):37-44.
2.李丹彤,宋亮,钟莉,等.刺参凝集素的分离纯化及其性质.水产学报.2005,29(5):654-658.
3.苏秀榕,娄永江,常亚青,等.海参的营养成分及海参多糖的抗肿瘤活性的研究.营养学报.2003,25(2):181-182.
4.黄日明,王宾,刘永宏.海参的化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况.中成药.2009,31(8):1263-1269.
5. Okuda, T., Kimura, Y., Yoshida, T., Hatano, T., Okuda, H., Arichi, S. Studies on the activities oftannins and related compounds from medical plants and drugs. I. Inhibitory effect on lipidperoxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of liver. Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin.1987,31:1925-1931.
6. Yen, G.C., Duh, P.D. Scavenging effect of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls on free-radical andactive-oxygen species. Journal of Agricultre Food Chemistry.1994,42:629-632.
7. Aruoma, O.I., Evans, P.J., Kaur, H., et al. An evaluation of the antioxidant and potential pro-oxidantproperties of food additives and trolox C, vitamin E and probucol. Free Redical ResearchCommunications.1990,10(3):143-157.
8. Aruoma, O.I., Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., et al. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of activerosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid. Xenobiotica.1992,22(2):257-268.
9. Aruoma, O.I., Mureia, A., Butler, J., et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions ofgallic acid and its derivatives. Journal of Agriculture Food and Chemistry.1993,41:1880-1885.
10. Shimada, S. Antifungal steroid glycoside from sea cucumber. Science.1969,163(874):1462.
11. Kitagawa, I., Sugawara, T., Yosioka. Saponin and sapogenol. XV. Antifungal glycosides from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus selenka(2). Structures of holotoxin A and holotoxin B. Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo).1976,24(2):275-284.
12.袁文鹏.仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其药理活性研究.青岛,中国海洋大学.博士论文.2007.
13. Kuznetsova, T.A., Anisimov, M.M., Popov, A.M., et al. A comparative study in vitro of physiologicalactivity of triterpene glycosides of marine invertebrates of echinoderm type. ComparativeBiochemistry and Physiology C.1982,73:41-43.
14. Sedov, A.M., Apollonin, A.V., Sevast’ianova, E.K., et al. Stimulation of nonspecific antibacterialresistance of mice to opportunistic gramnegative microorganisms with triterpene glycosides fromHolothuroidea. Antibiot Khimioter.1990,35:23-26.
15.尹钟洙,邵金莺,张磊,等.刺参提取物药理作用的研究.中药药理与临床.1990,6(3):33-35.
16. Sadtler Research Laboratories．Inc Sadtler Standard Inflared Grating Spectra．USA：Sadtler ResearchLaboratories.1971,20:2126K.
17. Sadtler Research Laboratories． Inc Sadtler Standard NMR Spectra． USA： Sadtler ResearchLaboratoties，1970．15：9394M．
18.赵天增、核磁共振碳谱．河南：河南科学技术出版社。1993,133.
19.陈泉,吴立军,阮丽军.中药淡竹叶的化学成分研究(Ⅱ).沈阳药科大学学报.2002,19(4):257-259.
20. Kitagawa, I., Inamoto, T., Fuchida, M., et al. Structure of echinoside A and B, two antifungaloligoglycosides form the sea cucumber Actinopyga echinites (Jaeger). Chemical&PharmaceuticalBulletin,1980,28(5):1651-1653.
21. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS. http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi
22.中国科学院化学专业数据库http://www.organchem.csdb.cn/scdb/default.htm
23.具有生物活性的甾体皂甙的合成及其2D NMR研究.博士学位论文.大连,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所.
2.樊绘曾.海参：海中人参——关于海参及其成分保健医疗功能的研究与开发.中国海洋药物.2001,(4):37-44.
3.姜健,杨宝灵,邰阳.海参资源及其生物活性物质的研究.生物技术通讯.2004,15(5):537-540.
4.闫冰,李玲,易杨华.海参多糖的生物活性研究概况.药学实践杂志.2004,22(2):101-103.
5. Albano, R.M., Mour o, P.A.S. Isolation, fractionation, and preliminary characterization of a novelclass of sulfated glycans from the tunic of Styela plicata (Chordata Tunicata). The Journal ofBiological Chemistry.1986,261(2):758-765.
6. Mour o, P.A.S., Bastos, I.G. Highly acidic glycans from sea cucumbers: Isolation and fractionation offucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides from the body wall of Ludwigothurea grisea. European Journal ofBiochemistry.1987,166(3):639-645
7.盛文静.不同海参多糖提取分离及化学组成分析比较.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2007.
8. Yutaka, K., Shugo, W., Kanehisa, H., et al. Occurrence of chondroitin sulfate E in glycosaminoglycanisolated from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. The Journal of Biological Chemistry.1990,265:5081-5085.
9. Yutaka, K., Shugo, W., Mamoru, K., et al. Structure of fucose branches in the glycosaminoglycan fromthe body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Carbohydrate Research.1997,297:273-279.
10. Yutaka K., Barbara Mulloy, Kyoko Imai, et al. Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfatesfrom the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis.Carbohydrate Research.2004,339:1339-1346.
11.尹利昂.不同海参多糖的分离纯化及生化性质分析.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2009.
12.苏秀榕,娄永江,常亚青,等.海参的营养成分及海参多糖的抗肿瘤活性的研究.营养学报.2003,25(2):181-182.
13.胡人杰,于苏萍,姜卉,等.刺参黏多糖及考的松对小鼠移植瘤S180的作用.中国肿瘤临床.1992,19(1):72-75.
14.胡人杰,于苏萍,姜卉,等.刺参酸性粘多糖与可的松联用方案对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用.癌症.1997,16(6):422-424.
15.逄龙.海参主要活性物质对血管内皮细胞的保护作用及抗肿瘤活性的研究.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2007.
16.王振立,刘桂敏,邓瑞,等.刺参酸性黏多糖抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞DNA合成及其代谢研究.中国医药工业杂志.1993,24(9):405-408.
17.王静凤,王奕,赵琳,等.日本刺参的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用研究.中国海洋大学学报.2007,37(1):093~096.
18.王颖,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞caspase表达影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2008,23(3):191-194.
19.彭玲,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对HeLa细胞增殖分化的影响.青岛大学医学院学报.2008,44(3):212-216.
20.张笑雪,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对HeLa细胞PCNA表达及细胞周期的影响.山东医药.2008,48(46):19-21.
21.陈玲,于壮,宋扬,等.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌细胞凋亡的影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2009,24(2):95-97.
22.刘风仙,宋扬.刺参酸性黏多糖对宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡及Bax、Bcl-2基因表达的影响.实用医学杂志.2010,26(12):2089-2091.
23. Moon, J.H., Ryu, H.S., Yang, H.S., et al. Antimutagenic and Anticancer Effects of Glycoprotein andChondroitin Sulfates from Sea Cucumber(Stichopus japonicus). Journal of the Korean Society of FoodScience and Nutrition.1998,27(2):350-358.
24. Bulgakov, A.A., Petroval, Y., Eliseirina, M.B., et al. Properties of mannanbinding lectin from thecoelormc fluid of the sea cucumber stichopus japanicus. Biol Morya.1999,25(2):91.
25.马克韶,郝晓阁,王莉.刺参酸性粘多糖抗肿瘤肺转移的实验研究.海洋药物杂志.1982,(1):72.
26.梁延杰,魏树钧.刺参酸性粘多糖对小鼠移植性肺癌作用的病理组织学与超微结构观察.中西医结合杂志(基础理论研究特集).1988,61.
27.樊绘曾,陈菊娣,林克忠.刺参酸性粘多糖的分离及其理化性质.药学学报.1980,15(5):263.
28.李家增,包承鑫,陈关珍,等.刺参酸性粘多糖对止血功能影响的初步观察.中国中药杂志.1983,8(5):36-39.
29.樊绘曾,吴世馥,李毅敏.刺参糖胺聚糖的亚分级和各级分的理化特征与抗凝性质.中国生物化学与分子生物学报.1993,9(2):146-151.
30.马西, Lindhout, T., Beguin, S.,等.刺参酸性多糖抑制凝血酶活性作用的辅因子.中华血液学杂志.1990,11(5):241-243.
31.马西, Beguin, S., Hemker, H.C.刺参酸性粘多糖抑制血浆凝血酶生成的作用方式.中华血液学杂志.1990,11(5):237-240.
32. Nail, C.H., Sullivan, L.R., Singh, D., et al. Fibrin network structure as a determinant of fibrinolysis.Thromb Haemost.1989,62:86(abstr250).
33.杨晓光,陈关珍,罗晓玲,等. Sjamp对纤溶系统影响的初步观察.中国医学科学院院报.1990,12:187.
34.高存记,李家增,彭林,等.刺参酸性粘多糖对纤维蛋白凝胶结构及其溶解性的影响.中华血液学杂志.1996,17(9):458-461.
35. Kariya, Y., Sakai, T., Kaneko, T., et al. Enhancement of t-PA-mediated plasminogen activation bypartially defucosylated glycosaminoglycans fromthe sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Journal ofBiochemistry (Tokyo).2002,132(2):335-343.
36.马西.刺参酸性糖多糖抑制血浆凝血酶生成的作用方式.中华血液学杂志.1990,11(5):237.
37.李家增,连俊一.刺参酸性黏多糖对人和兔血小板的聚集作用.中华血液学杂志.1987,8(2):469.
38. Nagase, H., Enjyoji, K., Minamiiguchi, K, et al. Deploymerized holothurian glycosminoglycan withnovel anticoagulant actions: antithrombin Ⅲ and heparin cofacorⅡ-independent inhibitor of factor Xactivation by factor Ⅷ complex and heparin cofactor Ⅱ-dependent inhibition of therombin. Blood.1995,85:1527.
39. Liu, H.H., Kow, C., Hu, M.L. Hypolipidemic effect of glycosaminoglycans from the cucumberMetriatyla scabra in rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet. Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry.2002,50(12):3602-3606.
40.孙玲,徐迎辉,许华林.刺参酸性黏多糖对细胞免疫功能的增强作用.生物化学与生物物理进展.1991,18(5):394.
41.邱鹏新,黎明涛,唐孝礼,等.黑海参多糖对-淀粉样蛋白诱导的皮质神经元凋亡的保护作用.中草药.2000,31(4):271-274.
42.罗兵,马忠兵,王笑峰,等.刺参糖胺聚糖对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型抑制作用的实验研究.中国海洋药物杂志.2008,27(6):44-48.
43. Pace, J.M., Corrado, M., Missero, C., et al. Byers. Identification, characterization and expressionanalysis of a new fibrilar collagen gene, COL27A1. Matrix Biology.2003,22(1):3-14.
44.高菲.刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)营养成分、食物来源及消化生理的季节变化.博士学位论文.青岛,中国科学院海洋研究所.2008
45.毕琳.刺参(Stichopus japonicus)体壁胶原蛋白的理化性质和生物活性研究.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2006.
46. Matsumura, T. Collagen fibrils of the sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus: purification andmorphological study. Connective Tissue Research.1974,2(2):117~125.
47. Kariya, Y., Watabe, S., Ochial, Y. Glycosaminoglycan involved in the cation-induced change of bodywall structure of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Connective Tissue Research.1990,25:149-159.
48. Totter, Koob. Biochemical characterization of fibrillar collagen from the mutable spine ligament of thesea-urchin Eucidaris tribuloides. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.1994,107B:125-134.
49. Totter, Thurmond, Koob. Covalent composition of collagen fibrils from the dermis of the seacucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, a tissue with mutable mechanical properties. ComparativeBiochemistry and Physiology.1995.112A:463-478.
50. Saito, M., Kunisaki, N., Urano, N., et al. Collagen as the Major Edible Component of Sea Cucumber(Stichopus japonicus). Journal of Food Science.2002,67(4):1319-1322.
51.崔凤霞,薛长湖,李兆杰,等.仿刺参胶原蛋白的提取及理化性质.水产学报.2006,30(4):549-553.
52. Richard, J.F., Brain, A.M., Daniel, J.W. The emerging role of diary protein and bioactive peptides innutrition and health. Journal of Nutrition.2004,134(4):980-988.
53.王增蕾.仿刺参和一种肉质软珊瑚化学成分及生物活性研究.博士学位论文.上海,第二军医大学.2009.1-64.
54. Kitagawa, I., Yamanaka, H., Kobayashi, M., et al. Saponin and sapogenal XXIV. Rivised structure ofholotoxin A and holotoxin B, two antifungal oligoglycosides from the sea cucumber Stichopusjaponicus Selenka. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin.1978,26(12):3722-3731.
55. KeIecom, A., Daloze, D., Tursch, B. Chemical studies of marine invertebrates triterpene geninsartifacts form thelothurins A and B, toxic saponins of sea cucumber Thelonota ananas jaeger(echinodermata) biosynthesis of thelothurins. Tetrahedron.1976,32:2353-2359.
56. Maltsev, I.I., Stonik, V.A., Kalinovsky, A.I., et al. Triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Stichopusjaponicus Selenka. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.1984,78:421-426.
57. Anisimov, M.M., Prokofieva, N.G., Korotkikh, L.Y., et al. Comparative study of cytototic activity oftriterpene glycosides from marine organisms. Toxicon.1980,20(1):221-223.
58. Kitagawa, I., Sugawara, T., Yosioka. Saponin and sapogenol.XV. Antifungal glycosides from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus selenka(2): Structures of holotoxin A and holotoxin B. Chemical andPharmaceutical Bulletin.1976,24(2):275-284.
59.刘雪莉,钱伯初.日本海洋天然活性物质研究简况.中国海洋药物.1997,(1):46.
60.丛日山,袁文鹏,樊廷俊,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离制备及抗真菌活性的研究.中国海洋大学学报.2006,36(6):959-964.
61.袁文鹏,丛日山,杨秀霞,等.水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抗真菌活性研究.山东大学学报(理学版).2007,42(5):69-74.
62. Popov, A.M. Comparative study of cytotoxic and hemolytic effects of triterpenoids isolated fromGinseng and Sea cucumber. Izvestiia Akademii Nauk. Seriia Biologicheskaia/Rossiiskaia AkademiiaNauk.2002,2:155-164.
63.樊廷俊,袁文鹏,丛日山,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抑瘤活性研究.药学学报.2009,44(1):25~31.
64.逄龙,王静凤,王玉明,等.北极刺参多糖、皂苷和胶原蛋白多肽对血管内皮细胞的保护作用.中国医科大学学报.2007,38(5):437-441.
65.赵芹,王静凤,薛勇,等.3种海参的主要活性成分和免疫调节作用的比较研究.中国水产科学.2008,15(1):154-159.
66.王静凤,高森,逄龙,等.3种海参的皂苷对血管内皮细胞作用的比较研究.中国海洋大学学报.2008,38(2):221-224.
67.宋迪,吉爱国,梁浩,等.刺参生物活性物质的研究进展.中国生化药物杂志.2006,27(5):316-319.
68. Aminin, D.L., Anisimov, M.M. Biological function of holotoxins in body of holothurian Stichopusjaponicus. Recent Advances in Toxinology Research (Gopalakrishnakone, P&Tan, CK, eds).1992,2:562-575.
69. Mats, M.N., Korkhov, V.V., Stepanov, V.R., et al. The contraceptive activity of triterpeneglycosides-the total sum of holotoxins A1and B1and holothurin A in an experiment. FarmakologiiaiToksikologiia.1990,53(2):45-47.
70.刘慧佳.刺海参甾醇的提取、分离和鉴定.硕士学位论文.吉林,吉林大学.2008.
71. Odinstsova, N.A., Nesterov, A.M. A growth factor from tissues of the muscle Mytilus edulis.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiolog.1993,105(4):667.
72. Li, J.Z. Antithrombin activity and platelet aggegation by acid mtcopolysacchride from Stichopusjaponicus Selenka. China Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.1985,6:107.
73. Mats, M.N., Korkhov, V.V. The contraceptive activity of triterpene glycoside——the total sum ofholotox in A1an d B1and holothurin A in an experiment. Farmakol Toksikol.1990,53:45.
74.向怡卉,苏秀榕,董明敏.海参体壁及消化道的氨基酸和脂肪酸分析.水产科学.2006,25(6):280-282.
75.袁文鹏,刘昌衡,王小军,等.仿刺参不同部位营养成分的分析及综合评价.食品工业科技.2010,31(05):348-350.
76. Yamada, K. Chemo-pharmaceutical studies on the glycosphingolipid constituents from echinoderm,sea cucumbers, as the medicinal materials. Yakugaku Zasshi.2002,122(12):1133-1143.
77. Fumiaki, K., Yamada, K., Kaneko, M., et al. Constituents of holothuroidea14. Isolation and structureof new glucocerebroside molecular species from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Chemical andPharmaceutical Bulletin.2005,53(4):382-386.
78. Kaneko, M., Kisa, F., Yamada, K., et al. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus. European Journal of Organic Chemistry.1999:3171-3174.
79. Fu, X.Y., Xue C.H., Miao B.C, et al. Characterization of proteases from the digestive tract of seacucumber(Stichopus japonicus):High alkaline protease activity. Aquaculture.2005,246:321-329.
80. Aoki, H., Ahsan, M.N., Matsuo, K., et al. Purification and characterization of collagenolytic proteasesfrom the hepatopancreas of northern shrimp(Pandaluseous). Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry.2003,51:777-783.
81.朱蓓薇,韩冰.海参自溶酶的分离纯化和部分性质研究.食品与发酵工业.2004,30(4):132-137.
82.韩冰,朱蓓薇.阴离子交换柱（DEAE-52）层析纯化海参自溶酶.大连轻工业学院学报.2004,23(2):118-121.
83.郭淑元,叶盛,王政,等.精氨酸激酶及其底物复合物的结晶和结晶学初步研究.自然科学进展.2004,14(12):1475-1478.
84. Matsuno, T., Ito, T. Gonadal Pigments of Sea-Cucumber Stichopus japonicus Selenka(Echinodermata). Specialia.1971,27(5):509.
85.王夔.生命科学中的微量元素.第二版.北京中国计量出版社.1996.
86.孔祥瑞.必需微量元素的营养生理及临床意义.第一版.安徽科学技术出版社.1982,353-360.
87.李平.海参的生药学研究.硕士学位论文.南京.南京中药大学.2001.
88.王莹,康万利,辛士刚,邢万全.鲍鱼、海参中微量元素的分析研究.2009,29(2)：511-514.
89.孙显武.刺参的加工技术.中国水产.2002,6:71.
90.李志平,傅璞,杨伟元,等.刺参冻干技术研究.海洋渔业.2004,26(1):52-56.
91. zer, N.P., Sühendan Mol, Candan Varhk. Effect of the handling procedures on the chemicalcomposition of sea cucumber. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2004,4:71-74.
92. Chang-Lee, M.V., Price, R.J., Lampila, L.E. Effect of processing on proximate composition andmineral content of sea cucumbers (Parastichopus spp.). Journal of Food Science.1989,54:567-568.
93. Richard, W., Howard, J., Bindu, J. Flies, fish and food. Biologist.2002,49(3):123~126.
94. Mansell, R., Suite, B., Roswell, G.A. Engineering a―fish-dry‖. Food Engineering.2002,(11):30.
95.徐万学.无营养流失的海参干品及其加工方法.中国专利:1494914,2004-12-29.
96.李兆杰,薛长湖,董平,等.一种干海参的加工方法.中国专利:1559296,2005-01-05.
97.倪静安,张墨英.食品真空冷冻干燥技术进展.冷饮与速冻食品工业.1997,3(4):35-37.
98. Maskan. M. Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot air andmicrowave drying. Journal of Food Engineering.2001,48:177~182.
99.宋述孝,王官德,刘芳.冻干水发海参及其汤包的制作方法.中国专利:1398552,2003-02-26.
1.袁秀堂,杨红生,陈慕雁,等.刺参夏眠的研究进展.海洋科学.2007,31(8):88-90.
2.高菲,杨红生,许强.刺参体壁脂肪酸组成的季节变化.海洋科学.2009,33(4):14-19.
3.王方雨,杨红生,高菲,等.刺参体腔液几种免疫指标的周年变化.海洋科学.2009,33(7):75-80.
4. Conand, C., Byrne, M.. A review of recent developments in the world sea cucumber fisheries.Marine Fisheries Review.1993,55(4):1-13.
5. Hamel, J.F., Mercier, A. Sea cucumbers: Current fishery and prospects for aquaculture.Aquaculture Magazine.1997,23(1):42-53.
6. Chang-Lee, M.V., Lucinae, R.J.P., Lampila. Effect of Processing on Proximate Composition andMineral Content of Sea Cucumbers (Parastichopus spp.). Journal of Food Science.1989,54(3):567-568.
7.乔聚海,程波.刺参人工池塘养殖现状及展望.海洋科学.2005,29(9):80-82.
8.夏远景,刘志军,李宁,等.超高压处理对海参自溶酶活性影响的研究.高压物理学报.2009,23(5):377-383.
9.李志平,傅璞,杨伟元,等.刺参冻干技术研究.海洋渔业.2004,26(1):52-56.
10. Richard, W., Howard, J., Bindu, J. Flies, fish and food. Biologist.2002,49(3):123-126.
11. Mansell, R., Suite, B., Roswell, G.A. Engineering a―fish-dry‖. Food Engineerig.2002,(11):30.
12. zer, N.P., Sühendan Mol, Candan Varhk. Effect of the Handling Procedures on the ChemicalComposition of Sea Cucumber. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2004,4:71-74.
13.孙妍,薛长湖,齐祥明,等.干燥前预处理对海参干燥过程及产品品质的影响.中国海洋大学学报.2006,36(增刊Ⅱ):57-61.
14. Sánchez-Machado, D.I., Lopez-Cervantes, J., Lopez-Hernandez, J., Paseiro-Losada, P. Fatty acids,total lipid, protein and ash contents of processed edible seaweeds. Food Chemistry.2004,85:439-444.
15. Guler, G.O., Kiztanir, B., Aktumsek, A., et al. Determination of the seasonal changes on total fattyacid composition and ω3/ω6ratios of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) muscle lipids in Beysehir Lake(Turkey). Food Chemistry.2008,108:689-694.
16. Arts, M.T., Ackman, R.G., Holub, B. J.―Essential fatty acids‖in aquatic ecosystems: a cruciallink between diet and human health and evolution. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and AquaticSciences.2001,58:122-137.
17. Bell, J.G., Mcvicar, A.H., Park, M.T., et al. High dietary linoleic acid affects fatty acidcompositions of individual phospholipids from tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar):association with stress susceptibility and cardiac lesion. Journal of Nutrition.1991,121:1163-1172.
18. Alasalvar, C., Taylor, K. D. A., Zubcov, E., et al. Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass(Dicent rarchus labrax): total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. FoodChemistry.2002,79:145-150.
19. Simopoulos, A.P. Omega-3fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal ofAmerican College Nutrition.2003,21:495-505.
20. Simopoulos, A.P. Omega-3fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development, areview. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1991,54:438-463.
21. Bézard, J., Blond, J. P., Bernard, A., et al. The metabolism and availability of essential fatty acidsin animal and human tissues. Reproduction Nutrition Development.1994,34:539-568.
22.王莹,康万利,辛士刚,等.鲍鱼、海参中微量元素的分析研究.2009,29(2):511-514.
23.樊绘曾,陈菊娣,吕培宏,等.玉足海参酸性多糖的研究.药学学报.1983,18(3):203~208.
24.陈菊娣,樊绘曾,邢蕊凝,等.花刺参酸性粘多糖的分离研究.中国海洋药物.1994,1:24-26.
25.唐孝礼,邱鹏新,黎明涛,等.黑海参酸性粘多糖的分离纯化.中药材.1999,22(5):223-225.
26. Sun, W.H., Leng, K.L., Lin, H. Analysis and evaluation of chief nutrient composition in differentparts of Stichopus Japonicus. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition.2010,22:212-220.
27. Maskan, M. Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot air andmicrowave drying. Journal of Food Engineering.2001,48:177-182.
28. Arslan, D., zcan, M.M., Menges, H.O. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to dryingparameters, some nutritional and colour characteristics of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.).Energy Conversion and Management.2010,51:2769–2775.
29. Arslan, D., zcan, M.M. Stud y the effect of sun, oven and mic rowave drying on quality ofonion slices. Food Science and Technology.2010,43:1121-1127.
30. Ratti, C. Hot air and freeze-drying of high-value foods: a review. Journal of Food Engineering.2001,49:311-319.
31. Attanasio, G., Cinquanta, L., Albanese, D., et al. Effects of drying temperatures onphysico-chemical properties of dried and rehydrated chestnuts (Castanea sativa). Food Chemistry.2004,88:583-590.
32.赵前程,刘先琳,李智博,等.海参加工废弃液中多糖及其组分的分析与回收.大连海洋大学学报.2010,25(5):434-438.
33.樊廷俊,袁文鹏,丛日山,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抑瘤活性研究.药学学报.2009,44(1):25-31.
34.袁文鹏,丛日山,杨秀霞,等.水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其抗真菌活性研究.2007,42(5):69-73.
35.丛日山,袁文鹏,樊廷俊,等.仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离制备及抗真菌活性的研究.2006,36(6):959-964.
36. Anese, M., Nicoli, M.C., Dallpaglio, G., et al. Effect of high pressure treatments on peroxidaseand polyphenoloxidase activities. Journal of Food Biochemistry.1995,18:285-293.
37. Roy P., Colas B., Durand, P. Purification, kinetical and molecular characterizations of a serinecollagenolytic protease from greenshore crag(Carcinus maenas) digestive gland. Comp BiochemPhysiol B Biochem Mol Biol.1996,115:87-95.
38. Serviere-Zaragoza, E., Navarrete del Toro, M.A., García-Carre o, F.L. Protein-hydrolyzingenzymes in the digestive systems of the adult Mexican blue abalone, Haliotis fulgens(Gastropoda). Aquaculture.1997,157:325-336.
39. Suzuki, T., Imait, K. Comparative studies of the indoleamine dioxygenase-like myoglobin fromthe abalone Sulculus diversicolor. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.1997,117:599-604.
40. Hendrickx, M., Ludikhuyze, L.,Van den Broeck, I., et al. Effects of high pressure on enzymesrelated to food quality. Trends in Food Science&Technology.1998,9:197-203.
41. Savary, B.J., Hicks, K.B., óconnor, J.V. Hexose oxidase from chondruscrispus improvedpurification using perfusion chromatograp. Enzyme and Microb Technol.2001,29:42-51.
42. Aoki, H., Ahsan, M. N., Matsuo, K., et al. Purification and characterization of collagenolyticproteases from the hepat opancreas of northern shrimp(Pandalus eous). Journal of AgricultrueFood Chemistry.2003,51:777-783.
43. Fu, X.Y, Xue, C.H, Miao B.C., et al. Characterization of proteases from the digestive tract of seacucumber(Stichopus japonicus): High alkaline protease activity. Aquaculture.2005,246:321-329.
44.宋迪,吉爱国,梁浩,等.刺参生物活性物质的研究进展.中国生化药物杂志.2006,27(5):316-319.
45. Gao X., Xue D.M, Zhang Z.H, et al. Rheological and Structural Properties of Sea CucumberStichopus japonicus During Heat Treatment. Journal of Ocean University of China.2005,4(3):244-247.
46. Saito, M., Kunisaki, N., Urano, N., et al. Collagen as the major edible component of seacucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Food Chemistry and Toxicology.2002,67(4):1319.
47. Soysal, Y., ztekin, S. Technical and econemic performance of a tray dryer for medicinal andaromatic plants. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research.2001,79(1):73-79.
48. zcan, M., Arslan, D., ünver, A. Effect of drying methods on the mineral content of basil(Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Food Engineering.2005,69:375-379.
49.黄日明,王宾,刘永宏.海参的化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况.中成药.2009,31(8):1263-1269.
50. zcan, M., Arslan, D., ünever, A. Efect of drying methods on the mineral content of basil(Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Food Engineering.2005,69:375-379.
51. Arslan, D., zcan, M.M. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineralcontent and colour characteristics of rosemary leaves. Energy Conversion and Management.2008,49:1258-1264.
52. Miranda, M., Maureira, H., Rodríguez, K., et al. Infuence of temperature on the drying kinetics,physicochemical properties, and antioxidant capacity of Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller) gel.Journal of Food Engineering.2009,91:297-304.
53. Miranda, M., Vega-Gálvez, A., López, J., et al. Impact of air-drying temperature on nutritionalproperties, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of quinoa seeds (ChenopodiumquinoaWilld.). Ind Crop Prod.2010,32:258-263.
54.毕琳.刺参(Stichopus japonicus)体壁胶原蛋白的理化性质和生物活性研究.硕士学位论文.青岛,中国海洋大学.2006.
55.穆畅道,朱梅湘,林炜.利用皮边角料提取食品级胶原蛋白/多肽（Ⅱ）重要物理性质和微生物技术分析.中国皮革.2003,32(15):21-24.
56. Mulloy, B., Mour, O.P.A.S., Gray, E. Structure/function studies of anticoagulant sulphatedpolysaccharides using NMR. Journal of Biotechnology.2000,77(1):123-135.
57. Paulo, A. S., Mour, O., Marco, A. M., et al. Antithrombotic activity of a fucosylated chondroitinsulphate from echinoderm: sulphated fucose branches on the polysaccharide account for itsantithrombotic action. British journal of haematology.1998,101(4):647-652.
58. Mun Jeong Hye, Ryu Hong Su, Yang Hun Seok, et al. Antimutagenic and anticancer effects ofglycoprotein and chondroitn sulfates from sea cucumber(Stichopus japonicus). The KoreanSociety of Food Science and Nutrition.1998,27(2):350-350.
59.李青选.海洋天然产物：抗AIDS活性物质的来源.中国海洋药物.1993,12(3):22-25.
60.邱鹏新,黎明涛,唐孝礼.黑海参多糖对β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的皮质神经元凋亡的保护作用.中草药.2000,31:271-274.
61. Kaneko, M., Kisa, F., Ya mada, K., et al. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus. Eur J Org Chem.1999:3171-3174.
62.袁文鹏.仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其药理活性研究.博士论文.2007.
63.董平,薛长湖,盛文静,等.海参中总皂苷含量测定方法的研究.中国海洋药物杂志.2008,27(1):28-32.
64. Li J.Z., Lian E.C. Aggregation of human platelets by acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted fromStichopus japonicus Selenka. Thromb Haemost.1988,59(3):435-439.
65. Horrocks, L.A., Yeo, Y.K. Health benefits of docosahex-aenoic acid (DHA). PharmacologicalResearch.1999,40:211-225.
66.王红.中国北方海域扇贝产品质量的比较研究.北京:中国科学院研究生院.2007.
1孙妍.海参干燥动力学.硕士学位论文.青岛.中国海洋大学.2007.
2常亚青,隋锡林,李俊.刺参增养殖业现状、存在问题与展望.水产科学.2006,25(4):198-201.
3樊绘曾.海参:海中人参——关于海参及其成分保健医疗功能的研究与开发.中国海洋药物.2001,4(82):37-44.
4李丹彤,宋亮,钟莉,等.刺参凝集素的分离纯化及其性质.水产学报.2005,29(5):654-658.
5苏秀榕,娄永江,常亚青,等.海参的营养成分及海参多糖的抗肿瘤活性的研究.营养学报.2003,25(2):181-182.
6袁秀堂,杨红生,陈慕雁,等.刺参夏眠的研究进展.海洋科学.2007,31(8):88-90.
7乔聚海,程波.刺参人工池塘养殖现状及展望.海洋科学.2005,29(9):80-82.
8Fu, X.Y., Xue C.H, Miao, B.C., et al. Characterization of proteases from the digestive tract ofsea cucumber(Stichopus japonicus):High alkaline protease activity. Aquaculture.2005,246:321-329.
9夏翠凤.开拓海参消费市场的探讨.中国渔业经济.2004,3:49-50.
10干海参(刺参):中华人民共和国水产行业标准(SC/T3206-2000).
11冷福臻.海参的加工方法.中国专利:1559295,2005-01-05.
12徐万学.无营养流失的海参干品及其加工方法.中国专利:1494914,2004-12-29.
13李兆杰,薛长湖,董平,等.一种干海参的加工方法.中国专利:1559296,2005-01-05.
14刁丕仁.国内首条海参冻干生产线在大连投产.中国食品学报.2004,6:21.
15Medeni Maskan. Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot airand microwave drying. Journal of Food Engineering,2001,48:177-182。
16Sun, W.H., Leng K.L., Lin, H. Analysis and evaluation of chief nutrient composition in differentparts of Stichopus Japonicus. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition.2010,22:212-220.
17Ohtani, M., Iwakoshi, E., Muneoka, Y., et al. Isolation and characterization of bioactive peptidesfrom the sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus. Peptide Science-Present and Future.2002,419-420.
18Saito, M., Kunisaki, N., Urano, N. et al. Collagen as the Major Edible Component of SeaCucumber(Stichopus japonicus). Journal of Food Science.2002,67(4):1319-1322.
19Totter, Thurmond, Koob. Covalent composition of collagen fibrils from the dermis of the seacucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, a tissue with mutable mechanical properties. Comp. Biochem.Physiol.1995,112A:463-478.
20黄日明,王宾,刘永宏.海参的化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况.中成药.2009,31(8):1263-1269.
21Morimura, S., Nagata, H., Uemura, Y. et al. Development of an effective process for utilizationof collagen from livestock and fish waste. Process Biochemistry.2002,37:1403-1412.
22李志平,傅璞,杨伟元,等.刺参冻干加工技术研究.海洋渔业.2004,26(1):52-56.
23Suzuki, H., Park, S.J., Tamura, M., et al. Effect of the long-term feeding of dietary lipids on thelearning ability, fatty acid composition of brain stem phospholipids and synaptic membranefluidity in adult mice: a comparison of sardine oil diet with palm oil diet. Mechanisms of Ageingand Development.1998,101:119-128.
24Birch, E.E., Garfield, S., Hoffman, D.R., et al. Arandomized controlled trial of early dietarysupply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in term infants.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology.2000,42:174-181.
25Simopoulos, A.P. The importance of the ratio omega-6/omega-3essential fatty acids.Biomedicine&Pharmacotherapy.2002,56:365-379.
26Simopoulos, A.P. Omega-3fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal of theAmerican College of Nutrition.2002,21:495-505.
27Sánchez-Machado, D.I., Lopez-Cervantes, J., Lopez-Hernandez, J., et al. Fatty acids, total lipid,protein and ash contents of processed edible seaweeds. Food Chemistry.2004,85:439-444.
28Henderson, R.J., Tocher, D.R. The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish.Progress in Lipid Research.1987,26(4):281-347.
29王红.中国北方海域扇贝产品质量的比较研究.北京:中国科学院研究生院.2007.
30Kinsella, J.E., Lokesh, B., Stone, R.A. Dietary n-3polyunsaturated fatty acids and ameliorationof cardiovascular disease: Possible mechanism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1990,52:1-28.
31Bell, J.G., Mcvicar, A.H., Park, M.T., et al. High dietary linoleic acid affects fatty acidcompositions of individual phospholipids from tissues of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar):association with stress susceptibility and cardiac lesion. Journal of Nutrition.1991,121:1163-1172.
32Takamasa KASAI. Lipid contents and fatty acid composition of total lipid of sea cucumberStichopus japonicus and Konowata(Salted Sea Cucumber Entrails). Food Science andTechnology Research.2003,9(1):45–48.
33Kariya, Y., Watabes, S., Hashimoto, K., et al. Occurrence of chondroitin sulfate E inglycosaminoglycan isolated from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. TheJournal of Biological Chemistry.1990,265(9):5081-5085.
34Kariya, Y., Watabe, S., Ochiai, Y., et al. Glycosaminoglycan from the body wall of the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.1990,95B(2):387-392.
35Kariya, Y., Mulloy, B., Imai, K., et al. Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfatesfrom the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibitosteoclastogenesis. Carbohydrate Research.2004,339:1339–1346
36孙鹏,易杨华,李玲,等.海参皂苷的生源分类和化学结构特征(楯手目).中国天然药物.2007,5(6):463-469.
37Matsuno, T., Ito, T. Gonadal pigments of sea-cucumber Stichopus japonicus selenka(echinodermata). Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.1971,27(5):509.
38李馥馨,刘永宏,宋本祥,等.刺参（A.japonicus Selenka）夏眠习性研究II——夏眠致因的探讨.中国水产科学.1996,3(2):49-57.
1.姜健,杨玲宝,邰阳.海参资源及其生物活性物质的研究.生物技术通讯.2004,15(5):537-540.
2.罗振,张天民.由低抗凝肝素制得低分子肝素的分子量与抗血栓作用的关系.中国药学杂志.1991,26(9):552-554.
3.范绘曾,吴世馥,李毅敏.刺参糖胺聚糖的亚分级的理化的特征与抗凝性质.生物化学杂志.1993,9(2):146-151.
4.马丽,覃小林,刘雄民,等.不同的脱蛋白方法用于螺旋藻多糖提取工艺的研究.食品科学.2004,25(6):116-119.
5.唐孝礼,邱鹏新,黎明涛,等.黑海参酸性粘多糖的分离纯化.中药材.1999,22(5):223-225.
6.郑艾初,陈健,彭超英.糙海参酸性粘多糖的提取纯化工艺探讨.现代食品科技.2007,23(5):65-67.
7.赵峡,苗辉,范慧红,等.用GPC法测定硫酸多糖911的分子量和分子量分布.青岛海洋大学学报.2000,30(4):623-626.
8.李静,左雄军.水溶性凝胶渗透色谱法测定芸芝多糖组分的分子量及其相对含量.分析化学，1999,27(8):942-944.
9.魏远安,方积年.高效凝胶渗透法测定多糖纯度和分子量.药学学报.1989,24:532.
10.李石军,张玉,王凯平,等.一大分子量香菇多糖的提取分离纯化.中草药.2011,33(6):1063-1065.
11. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars andrelated substances. Anal. Chem.1956,28:350-356.
12.王卫国,吴强,胡宝坤,等.几种测定灰树花多糖中蛋白质含量方法的比较研究.中国食用菌.2003,22(1):27-30.
13.刘红英,薛长湖,李兆杰,等.海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯测定方法的研究.青岛海洋大学学报.2002,32(2):236–240.
14. Dodgson, K.， Price，R.. A note on the determination of the ester sulfate content of sulfatedpolysaccharides. Journal of biological chemistry.1962,84:106-110.
15. Bitter, T., Muir, H.M.. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal. Biochem.1962,4:330-334.
16. Strydom, D.J. Chromatographic separation of1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-derivatized neutral,acidic and basic aldoses. J Chromatogr A.1994,678:17-23.
17. D. Fu, O’Neill, R.A. Monosaccharide composition analysis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins byhigh-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem.1995,227(2):377-384.
18. Honda, S., Suzuki, S., Taga, A. Analysis of carbohydrates as1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolonederivatives by capillary/microchip electrophoresis and capillary electrochro-matography. J PharmBiomed Anal.2003，30(6)：1689-1714.
19. Yutaka, K., shugo, W., Mamoru, K., et al. Structure of fucose branches in the glycosaminoglycan fromthe body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Carbohydrate Research.1997,297:273-279
20.石学连,张晶晶,宋厚芳,等.浒苔多糖的分级纯化及保湿活性研究.海洋科学.2010,34(7):81-86,99.
21.马定远,陈君,李萍,等.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析多糖中的单糖组成.分析化学研究简报.2002,30(6):702-705.
22. Hsieh, C.L., Yen, G.C. Antioxidant actions of du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) toward oxidativedamage in biomolecules. Life Sci.2000,66(15):1387-1400.
23.袁文鹏.仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其药理活性研究.博士论文.2007.
24.靳菊清,丁冬宁,边晓丽,等.银杏叶多糖的化学及清除羟自由基作用.西安医科大学学报.2000,21(5):417-419.
25. Jin Ming, Cai Yaxin, Li Jinrong, Zhao Hui.1,10-phenanthroline-Fe2+oxidative assay of hydroxyradical produced by H22O2/Fe+. Prog Biochem Biophy.1996,23(6):553-555.
26.张京芳,王冬梅,周丽,等.香椿叶提取物不同极性部位体外抗氧化活性研究.中国食品学报.2007,7(5):2-16.
27.钦传光,周军,赵文,等泥鳅多糖清除活性氧和保护DNA链的作用.生物化学与生物物理学报.2001,33(2):215-218.
28.陈红惠，彭光华.雪莲果叶酚酸抗氧化能力的研究.食品工业科技.2011,32(01):103-105.
29.杜小豪,徐卫,杜雪洁.护肤产品的保湿功能评价.日用化学工业.2000,3:47-52.
30.秦允荣,王昌涛,何聪芬.单一保湿剂体外保湿功能的评价.日用化学工业.2006,36(3):199-201.
31.王楠,汤仲明. MTT方法测定培养细胞抗药水平的评价.中国药理学通报,1996,9(1):78-81
32.彭玲,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对Hela细胞增殖分化的影响.青岛大学医学院学报.2008,44(33):212-216.
33.王颖,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌Hela细胞caspase表达影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2008,23(3):191-194.
34.杨联松,檀根甲,徐美清.茶多酚抑菌作用和防腐效果初探.安徽农业科学.1996,24(4):373-375.
35.杨艳彬,朱丽莉,唐明翔,等.蜂胶抑菌作用的研究.食品科技.1999,(6):32-34.
36.盛文静.不同海参多糖的提取分离及化学组成分析比较.硕士学位论文.2007.
37.武晓琳,常耀光,王静凤,薛长湖,王玉明.不同分子量海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的制备及消化吸收特性的初步研究.中国海洋药物杂志.2011,30(3):20-24.
38.尹利昂.不同海参多糖的分离纯化及生化性质分析.硕士学位论文.2009
39. Yutaka, K., Barbara, M., Kyoko, I., Akihiro, T., Takuji, K., Akira, A., Kiyoshi, S., Hiroyuki, M.,Mamoru, K., Tadashi, I.. Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfates from the body wall ofsea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. CarbohydrateResearch.2004,339(7):1339-1346.
40.王长云,管华诗.氨基多糖的提取、分离和分析测定方法及其研究进展.中国海洋药物.1996,15(1):24-32.
41.赵前程,刘先琳,李智博,何云海,李伟,汪秋宽.海参加工废弃液中多糖及其组分的分析与回收.大连海洋大学学报.2010,25(5):434-438.
42.沈明,陈建伟.氨基多糖的药理研究进展.上海医药.2001,22(6):268.
43. Maruyama, T., Toida, T., Imanari, T., et al. Conformational changes and anticoagulant activity ofchondroitin sulfate following its O-sulfonation. Carbohydrate Research.1998,306:35～43.
44.魏经建,邵树军,王天元.硫酸脂化多糖及临床应用研究进展.中国生化药物杂志.1999,20(5):260-262.
45.陈丽萍，王弘.硫酸多糖的结构与生物活性关系研究现状.广州化工.2005,33(5):21-23.
46.陈菊娣,樊绘曾,等.花刺参酸性粘多糖的分离研究.中国海洋药物.1994,13(1):24-26.
47.张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州：浙江大学出版社.1999.第二版：11-12.
48. Strydom, D.J. Chromatographic separation of1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatized neutral,acidic and basic aldoses. Journal of Chromatography A.1994,678(11):17-23.
49. Fu, D.T., Oneill, R.A.. Monosaccharide composition analysis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins byhigh-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Biochemistry.1995,227(2):377-384.
50. Lingyi Zhang, Jin Xu, Lihua Zhang, et al. Determination of1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-labeledcarbohydrates by liquid chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Journal ofChromatography B.2003,793:159-65.
51.周斌,张承明,张承聪,等.烟草中糖类的1-苯-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮衍生化与HPLC分析方法研究.云南化工.2006,33(6):40-44.
52.杨兴斌,赵燕,等.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析当归多糖的单糖组成.分析化学研究简报.2005,33(9):1287-1290.
53.林雪,贾敬芬,黄琳娟,王仲孚. RP-HPLC用于芦荟多糖的单糖组成研究.食品科学.2006,27(4):192-195.
54.井泽良,刘兴华,关文强.真菌寡聚糖单糖组成（HPLC）分析及诱导抗病活性初步研究.食品研究与开发.2006,27(1):53-56.
55. Albano, R.M., Mour o, P.A. Isolation, fractionation, and preliminary characterization of a novel classof sulfated glycans from the tunic of Styela plicata (Chordata Tunicata). Journal of biologicalchemistry.1986,261(2):758-765.
56. Ana, M. L., Karin, R.M.A., Rafael, S.A., et.al. A sulfated polysaccharide from the sarcoplasmicreticulum of sea cucumber. Glycobiology.2000,10(8):773-779.
57. Mour o, P.A.S, Mariana, S., Pav o M.S.G. Structure and anticoagulant activity of a fucosylatedchondroitin sulfate from echinoderm. Journal of biological chemistry.1996,271(39):23973-23984.
58. Yutaka, K., Shugo, W., Mamoru, K., et al. Structure of fucose branches in the glycosaminoglycan fromthe body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Carbohydrate Research.1997,297(39):273-279.
59. Vieira, R.P., Mour o, P.A.S. Occurrence of a unique fucose-branched chondroitin sulfate in the bodywall of a sea cucumber. Journal of Biological Chemistry.1988,263(34):18176-18183.
60.孟令芝,龚淑玲,何永炳.有机波谱分析.武汉：武汉大学出版社(第二版).2005:214-218.
61. Melo, M.R.S., Feitosa, J.P.A., Freitas, A.L.P., Paulab, R.C.M de. Isolation and characterization ofsoluble sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria cornea. Carbohydrate Polymers.2002,49(2):491-498.
62. Bernardi, G., Springer, G.F. Properties of highly purified fucan. Journal of Biological Chemistry.1962,237(1):75-80.
63. Duarte, M.E.R., Cardoso Marc, Noseda, M.D., Cerezo, A.S. Structural studies on fucoidans from thebrown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum. Carbohydrate Research.2001,333(4):281-293.
64. Vieira, R.P., Barbara mulloy, Mour o, P.A.S. Structure of a fucose-branched chondroitin sulfatefrom sea cucumber. Journal of Biological Chemistry.1991,266(21):13530-13536.
65.郭青枝,赵二劳,白建华.沙棘叶提取物抗氧化性能研究.化学与生物工程.2008,25(3):58-59.
66.单承莺,任红荣,何海玲,等.毛胶薯蓣多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究.食品与发酵工业.2009,35(12):86-89.
67.张之南,沈悌.血液病诊断及疗效标准.第2版.北京:科学出版社,1998:373-374.
68. Bladé, J., Samsom, D., Reece, D., Apperley, J., Bj rkstrand, B., Gahrton, G., Gertz, M., Giralt, S.,Jagannath, S., Vesole, D. Criteria for evaluating disease response and progression in patients withmultiple Myeloma treated by high-dose therapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. BritishJournal of Haematology.1998,102:1115-1123.
69.王颖,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌Hela细胞caspase表达影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2008,23(3):191-194.
70.陈玲,于壮,宋扬,张笑雪,李明君.刺参黏多糖对人宫颈癌细胞凋亡的影响.齐鲁医学杂志.2009,24(2):95-97.
71.彭玲,于壮,宋扬.刺参黏多糖对Hela细胞增殖分化的影响.青岛大学医学院学报.2008,24(3):212-216.
1.樊绘曾.海参:海中人参———关于海参及其成分保健医疗功能的研究与开发.中国海洋药物.2001,4(82):37-44.
2.李丹彤,宋亮,钟莉,等.刺参凝集素的分离纯化及其性质.水产学报.2005,29(5):654-658.
3.苏秀榕,娄永江,常亚青,等.海参的营养成分及海参多糖的抗肿瘤活性的研究.营养学报.2003,25(2):181-182.
4.黄日明,王宾,刘永宏.海参的化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况.中成药.2009,31(8):1263-1269.
5. Okuda, T., Kimura, Y., Yoshida, T., Hatano, T., Okuda, H., Arichi, S. Studies on the activities oftannins and related compounds from medical plants and drugs. I. Inhibitory effect on lipidperoxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of liver. Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin.1987,31:1925-1931.
6. Yen, G.C., Duh, P.D. Scavenging effect of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls on free-radical andactive-oxygen species. Journal of Agricultre Food Chemistry.1994,42:629-632.
7. Aruoma, O.I., Evans, P.J., Kaur, H., et al. An evaluation of the antioxidant and potential pro-oxidantproperties of food additives and trolox C, vitamin E and probucol. Free Redical ResearchCommunications.1990,10(3):143-157.
8. Aruoma, O.I., Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., et al. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of activerosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid. Xenobiotica.1992,22(2):257-268.
9. Aruoma, O.I., Mureia, A., Butler, J., et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions ofgallic acid and its derivatives. Journal of Agriculture Food and Chemistry.1993,41:1880-1885.
10. Shimada, S. Antifungal steroid glycoside from sea cucumber. Science.1969,163(874):1462.
11. Kitagawa, I., Sugawara, T., Yosioka. Saponin and sapogenol. XV. Antifungal glycosides from the seacucumber Stichopus japonicus selenka(2). Structures of holotoxin A and holotoxin B. Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo).1976,24(2):275-284.
12.袁文鹏.仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）水溶性海参皂苷的分离纯化及其药理活性研究.青岛,中国海洋大学.博士论文.2007.
13. Kuznetsova, T.A., Anisimov, M.M., Popov, A.M., et al. A comparative study in vitro of physiologicalactivity of triterpene glycosides of marine invertebrates of echinoderm type. ComparativeBiochemistry and Physiology C.1982,73:41-43.
14. Sedov, A.M., Apollonin, A.V., Sevast’ianova, E.K., et al. Stimulation of nonspecific antibacterialresistance of mice to opportunistic gramnegative microorganisms with triterpene glycosides fromHolothuroidea. Antibiot Khimioter.1990,35:23-26.
15.尹钟洙,邵金莺,张磊,等.刺参提取物药理作用的研究.中药药理与临床.1990,6(3):33-35.
16. Sadtler Research Laboratories．Inc Sadtler Standard Inflared Grating Spectra．USA：Sadtler ResearchLaboratories.1971,20:2126K.
17. Sadtler Research Laboratories． Inc Sadtler Standard NMR Spectra． USA： Sadtler ResearchLaboratoties，1970．15：9394M．
18.赵天增、核磁共振碳谱．河南：河南科学技术出版社。1993,133.
19.陈泉,吴立军,阮丽军.中药淡竹叶的化学成分研究(Ⅱ).沈阳药科大学学报.2002,19(4):257-259.
20. Kitagawa, I., Inamoto, T., Fuchida, M., et al. Structure of echinoside A and B, two antifungaloligoglycosides form the sea cucumber Actinopyga echinites (Jaeger). Chemical&PharmaceuticalBulletin,1980,28(5):1651-1653.
21. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS. http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi
22.中国科学院化学专业数据库http://www.organchem.csdb.cn/scdb/default.htm
23.具有生物活性的甾体皂甙的合成及其2D NMR研究.博士学位论文.大连,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |