信息技术支撑下的国土资源监管技术体系研究与应用
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摘要
国土资源是人类生存和社会可持续发展的物质基础，也是我国社会经济可持续发展的基本保障。我国国土面积广阔，而人均资源相对稀缺，同时，开发利用又涉及到诸多纷繁复杂的利益关系，一方面要面对“保发展保红线”的双保难题，另一方面又要保障国民粮食安全，保护资源环境，现时还要将国土资源作为重要战略地位参与国家宏观调控。因此，积极加强国土资源监管力度，科学、合理地开发利用资源成为现阶段拟待解决的迫切问题。
近年来，国土资源部提出要解放思想、改革创新，转变管理理念、职能和方式，从微观转向宏观，从重审批转向重监管，从重项目实施转向完善制度安排，通过综合运用法律、行政、经济、科技四大调控手段，建立“天上看、地上查、网上管”的国土资源管理新体系，强化监测监管，服务社会公众。基于此，本文以国土资源监管为中心，以其基本业务属性分类的土地资源管理、矿产资源管理、地质灾害防治及应急指挥三个方面为主要研究对象，立足系统论、信息论等多学科理论，采用理论分析与实证研究相结合、技术设计与综合示范相补充的研究方法，全面分析国土资源监管的内涵、目标、主要内容，并选择以地市级国土资源主管部门从决策、执法、监督三个层面的国土资源监管需求为关键环节，在现代信息技术支撑下搭建智能化国土资源综合监管平台，形成基本分析思路，即按照统筹城乡的思路和方法搭建、设计“决策、执行、监督”三个层面应用、遵循“全面性、整体性、关联性、共享性”原则共享、采用“集中同步、分布汇交”模式更新综合监管平台，在该思路的指导下提出指标监管、资源监测、灾害监测、审批监管、行政监察、应急指挥6种国土资源监管模式，形成了实现国土资源监管的基本研究框架，构建了以信息技术为主的科技手段融入国土资源管理的分层式国土资源监管技术体系，为国土资源管理、监测监管提供了新的思路和方法。
通过本文分析及研究，得出以下主要的研究结论：
（1）立足于系统科学理论，面向国土资源管理，对国土资源监管的内涵和基本特征进行了深入的剖析和研究，认为国土资源监管的最终目标是提高国土资源保障能力和保护水平，促进经济社会全面协调可持续发展，提出了基于信息技术支撑下实现国土资源监管应遵循的四个基本原则，即统一规划加强领导、面向决策服务管理、客观准确动态及时、安全规范稳定高效，同时认为国土资源监管应在事前、事中、事后三个环节对国土资源动态监测与配置、规划、利用与保护四个方面实现监管，并在此基础上，形成国土资源监管的基本理论框架。该框架，进一步从管理、业务层面分析了国土资源监管的需求，认为国土资源监管贯穿于整个国土资源管理的各个环节和过程，总体上共分为三个层次，即：为领导及宏观调控提供依据和服务的决策层面、为基层工作人员在具体执行或落实国土资源管理政策及法律法规等业务和工作的执行层面，以及为中层干部或纪检部门提供监督检查服务的监督层面。
（2）基于上述提出的国土资源监管理论框架，提出了搭建国土资源综合监管平台的主要思路，即按照统筹城乡的思路和方法搭建综合监管平台，设计“决策、执行、监督”三个层次应用综合监管平台、遵循“全面性、整体性、关联性、共享性”原则共享综合监管平台、采用“集中同步、分布汇交”模式更新综合监管平台。研究认为实现国土资源监管，须从多角度、多层次、多方面进行深入推广和应用，提出了国土资源监管的6种模式，即指标监管、资源监测、灾害监测、审批监管、行政监察和应急指挥。采用分层结构，在信息技术支撑下提出了依托科技手段实现国土资源综合监管平台的五层总体技术架构，即提供软硬件环境的平台层、数据动态获取和采集的监测层、用于数据存储和分析的数据层、以Web2.0为架构的服务层，以及面向用户的应用层。
（3）采用企业应用集成（EAI）、硬件虚拟化及网络负载均衡、软件即服务（SaaS）、海量空间数据高效管理、空间数据ETL、空间信息获取及共享服务、现代通信等技术，在国土资源综合监管平台的总体架构下构建了实现国土资源综合监管平台的一整套技术体系，并形成了基于移动终端的野外数据采集系统、基于高分辨率遥感图像的监测系统、基于数据侦听技术的业务办理监控系统、基于视频技术的实时视频监控系统、基于卫星/3G无线通信技术的远程视频会议系统的5种国土资源监管方法。基于该技术体系，以成都市为综合示范试验区进行了应用示范，搭建了“1库3平台”，即成都市国土资源核心数据库和办公门户、数据门户、监测指挥（数据）中心。
（4）上述国土资源监管理论框架及其技术体系所形成的国土资源综合监管平台在成都综合示范试验区应用示范效果良好，并分别在年度卫片执法检查、土地利用变化监测、土地执法动态巡查及管理、例行督查图斑分析核查、耕地保护及耕保基金发放核查、地质灾害监测与预警、地质灾害应急指挥、行政效能监察、土地节约集约利用评价、业务并联审批及反腐倡廉、国土资源现状分析等方面取得了显著的应用和示范效果。
本研究的创新认识：
（1）以土地资源、矿产资源、地质灾害防治及应急指挥为研究对象，面向国土资源管理及其监测监管，构建了国土资源监管理论框架，包括国土资源监管的主要内容及其监管环节，并以地市级国土资源主管部门出发，从决策、监督、执行三个层面分析了国土资源监管的需求，提出了搭建国土资源综合监管平台的主要思路，即按照统筹城乡的思路和方法搭建、设计“决策、执行、监督”三个层面应用、遵循“全面性、整体性、关联性、共享性”原则共享、采用“集中同步、分布汇交”模式更新综合监管平台，为国土资源管理提供了新的研究思路。
（2）构建了以信息技术为支撑的国土资源监管技术体系。国土资源管理具有复杂性、多样性的特点，国土资源各业务之间具有相互的关联性，例如土地的“征、供、用、保、查”业务，是相互关联、有机联系的整体，某类业务是另一类业务的基础和条件；某类业务的结果，既是另一类业务的依据，也是相关指标变化的根据。本研究充分依托科技手段，综合运用和集成多学科的研究方法与手段，突出管理科学与技术学科相结合，构建以数据库管理、空间信息技术、软件工程技术、网络技术、无线通信技术等现代信息技术支撑下的国土资源监管技术体系，并在国土资源管理的事前、事中、事后三个环节通过指标监管、资源监测、灾害监测、审批监管、行政监察、应急指挥六种模式建设和应用，以打通各系统、各平台、各业务之间的关联关系，实现多种研究方法与手段的有机整合，从而更好地服务于国土资源管理。
（3）以系统论的思想，将国土资源管理以一个相互联系、完整有序、动态变化的整体进行研究，在国土资源监管的理论框架及其技术体系的指导下，在成都综合应用示范区搭建了成都市国土资源综合监管平台，并取得良好应用效果。传统的国土资源监管或管理大多以单个业务或少数几个业务进行研究和分析，直接针对其本身存在的问题制定对策和解决办法，本文以系统论思想作为理论指导综合运用控制论、现代信息论的基本思路和方法，坚持系统性、整体性为研究理念，将国土资源管理视为一个有机整体，深入研究国土资源综合监管平台与各业务系统之间的关联关系，在整体到局部的层层剖析中把握国土资源监管的本质特征并打通监管平台与业务系统、业务与业务之间的关联关系，建立以“征、供、用、保、查”为主线的国土资源管理模型，于局部到整体的关系之中，面向国土资源决策进行逐级抽象和归纳总结，构建模型寻求国土资源精细化管理之道，并以成都市为综合应用示范区，对文中所提出的国土资源监管理论框架及其技术体系进行了综合应用和示范。结果表明，基于该理论框架及其技术体系所搭建的成都市国土资源综合监管平台，各项性能指标稳定，应用示范效果良好，为国土资源管理的各项提供提供了良好的信息和技术服务保障。
Land resources are the material basis of human survival and sustainable developmentof society, and also the basic guarantee of our social and economic sustainabledevelopment. There is vast land area and relative low per capita resources in China.Development and utilization of resources involve many complicated interests. Thedouble-insurance problem of "keeping the development and protecting the red line" has tobe faced while national food security and protection of resources and the environmenthave to be conducted at the same time. National land resources have to participate in thenational macro-control as an important strategic position. The active strengthening of thesupervision of land resources, scientific and rational utilization of resources become apressing problem to be resolved.
In recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources has proposed emancipating themind, reform and innovation, changes in management principles, functions and modesand shifting from micro to macro, from approval to supervision, from implementation ofproject to improve the institutional arrangements. The establishment of the new land andresources system based on “space observation, field survey and internet management “wasto strengthen the monitoring and supervision, public service through the comprehensiveuse of four control means: legal, administrative, economic, of science and technology.This paper centers on the monitoring of different land and resources includingmanagement of land resouces and mineral resources, geological disaster prevention andemergency control. The study is based on the systems theory, information theory and othermulti-disciplinary theory to the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research,technical design and comprehensive demonstration of complementary research methods, acomprehensive analysis of the connotation, objectives, main content of the supervision ofland and resources, and select the requirement of land and resources supervision as the keylink from three levels of the decision,law enforcement and supervision at the municipalland and resources departments.Under the support of modern information technology to build intelligent land resources monitoring platform,a basic analysis ideas is formed,namely in accordance with the ideas and methods of urban and rural structures, design thethree_level application of “decision making, enforcement, monitoring”, sharing followedthe principles of “comprehensive, holistic, relevance, and shared”, focus on the mode ofcentralized synchronization and distributed Concurrent to update the comprehensivesupervision platform.Under the guidance of the ideas six modes of land and resourcessupervision is put forward which is indicators supervision, resource monitoring, disastermonitoring, regulatory approval,administrative supervision and the emergencycommand.Accordingly the initial formation of the basic research framework for thesupervision of land and resources is done, and the layered technology system for the landand resources supervision is built which syncretized the IT-based scientific andtechnological means to provide a new analytical thinking for land and resourcesmanagement, monitoring and supervision.
Through analysis and research,major conclusions include:
This study is based on the system scientific theory, facing the land and resourcesmanagement and is conducted in-depth analysis and researching on the content and basicfeatures of the supervision of land and resources, that the ultimate goal of the supervisionof land and resources is to improve the support capabilities and the protection level for theland and resources and promote overall economic and social as well as coordinated andsustainable development. Based on IT support, supervision of land resources shouldfollow four basic principles: unified planning and strengthen leadership, facingdecision-making and service management, objective accurate and dynamic timely, safetyregulations and stable efficient.while it is think that the land and resources supervisionshould be realized from the four aspects of dynamically monitoring and configuration,planning, utilization and protection in the three aspects of before, during and after the landand resources supervision,and on this basis, the basic theoretical framework forsupervision of land and resources is formed. The framework further analyses the needs ofthe land and resources supervision from the level of management and business, that thesupervision of land and resources throughout all aspects and process of the entire land andresource management, on the whole it is divided into three levels, namely: thedecision-making level to provide basis and service for the leadership and macro-control,the implementation level with the primary staff in the execution or implementation of thebusiness and work on policies,laws and regulations for land resource management, as wellas the supervision level to provide supervision and inspection services for the middle-levelcadres, discipline inspection departments.
Based on the above the theoretical framework of land and resources supervision, the structures of the main ideas is proposed to build the land and resources monitoringplatform, namely building integrated monitoring platform in accordance with the ideasand methods of urban and rural structures, designing application of the integratedsupervision platform from the three levels of “decision, execution, and supervision”,sharing the platform following the principle of "comprehensive, holistic, relevance,sharing”, updating the integrated supervision platform by using the mode of centralizedsynchronization and distributed Concurrent. In the study to implement the land andresources supervision, in-depth promotion and application should be done frommulti-angle, multi-layered, multifaceted. The six modes of land and resources supervisionis put forward that is indicators supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring,regulatory approval, administrative supervision and the emergency command. UsingHierarchy structure,and based on the IT support five_layered overall technicalarchitecture is put forward by which the integrated supervision platform of the land andresources can be achieved relying on scientific and technological means, namely:theplatform layer to provide the hardware and software environment, the monitoring layer todynamic access and acquire data, the data layer for data storage and analysis, the servicelayer with the Web2.0framework, as well as the user-oriented application layer.
By using the technology of enterprise application integration (EAI), hardwarevirtualization and network load balancing, software as a service (SaaS), efficientmanagement of massive spatial data, spatial data ETL, spatial information access andsharing services, modern communication and so on,based on the overall platformarchitecture of land and resources supervision, the set of land and resources monitoringplatform system is built, and five kinds of land and resources supervision approach isformed which are the field-based data acquisition system based on mobile terminal, themonitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing image, the business processmonitoring system based on data interception technology, the real-time video surveillancesystem based on video technology, the remote video conferencing system based onsatellite/3G wireless communications technology. Based on the technical system,application demonstration is done taking Chengdu as the integrated demonstration testarea, and set up one database and three platform, namely Land Resources core database ofChengdu and office portal,"one map" data portal, and monitoring command (data) center.
Based on the above theoretical framework and the technical system the land andresources supervision platform is applied in the integrated demonstration test area ofChengdu, the application effect is good, and has made the distinct application anddemonstration effect from the inspection of law enforcement in the annual by satelliteimages, land use and change monitoring, land law enforcement and dynamic inspectionsand management, routine inspection and Figure analysis and verification,theprotection of farmland and farming Fund payment verification, geological disastermonitoring and early warning,geological disasters emergency command, administrativeperformance monitoring, land economical and intensive use of evaluation, businessparallel approval and anti-corruptionthe, actuality analysis of land resources.
In this study, innovation are in follows:
For the study of land resources, mineral resources, geological disaster prevention andemergency command, and facing land and resources management and its monitoring andsupervision, the initial theoretical framework of land resources supervision is formed,including the main content and its supervision chain of land and resources supervision.Taking the municipal land and resources departments as start, the demand for land andresources supervision is analysed from the three levels of decision-making, supervisionand implementation, and the main ideas is proposed to build a platform of integrativesupervision for land and Resources, namely in accordance with the ideas and methods ofurban and rural structures, design of the three_level application of “decision making,enforcement and monitoring”, sharing followed the principles of “comprehensive, holistic,relevance, and shared”, focus on the mode of centralized synchronization and distributedConcurrent to update the integrative supervision platform to provide a new researchapproach for the Land and Resources management.
The land and resources monitoring technology system is built on the IT technologysupport.The land and resources management has the characteristics of complexity anddiversity, and the relation between the business of land and resources is mutual, such asthe land business of “levy, supply, use, insurance, and check” are interrelated and organicwhole.One business is the basis and condition of the other business; the results of aparticular type of business, is both the basis of other business and the related changeindicators. In this study, fully relying on scientific and technological means, the integrateduse of integrated multi-disciplinary research methods and means, to highlight thecombination of management science and technology disciplines, to build land andresources monitoring technology system supported by the modern information technologyincluding database management, spatial information technology, software engineeringtechnology, network technology, wireless communication technology,under the three linksof before, during, and after the land and resources management, construction andapplication is done through the six modes of indicators supervision, resource monitoring,disaster monitoring, regulatory approval,administrative supervision and the emergencycommand to open up the relationship between the various systems, platforms, and thebusiness and implement the organic integration of a variety of research methods and means, in order to better serve the land and resources management.
For the idea of systems theory, taking the entire land and resource management as acomplete, organic, interrelated whole to study, under the guidance of the theoreticalframework and its system, Chengdu Land Resources monitoring platform is set up indemonstration zone of Chengdu, and achieved good application results. Supervision ormanagement of land and resources most analyse and study the single business or a fewbusiness with developing strategies and solutions directly to its inherent problems.In thestudy system theory as a theoretical guidance, for integrated using the basic ideas andmethods of the control theory and modern information theory, adhering to a systematicand holistic research ideas, and land and resource management as an organic whole,in-depth study of the relationship between the land and resources monitoring platform andthe business system, to grasp the essential characteristics of the land and resourcessupervision by layered analysis from the overall to part and open up the relationshipbetween the supervision platforms and business systems, business and business, the landand resource management model with the main line of “levy, supply, use, insurance, andcheck” is established. During the relationship of the overall to part, abstracted andsummarized step by step for land and resource decision-making is done. The model toseek the Tao of meticulous management of land resources is built,and Chengdu as thecomprehensive application and demonstration area, in the theory land and resourcessupervision framework and its technical system for the integrated application anddemonstration is done. The results show that the integrative supervision platform of Landand Resources in Chengdu is built based on the theoretical framework and the technicalsystem with stable performance index and good application and demonstration effect.Thisprovides better support and services for land and resource management.
近年来，国土资源部提出要解放思想、改革创新，转变管理理念、职能和方式，从微观转向宏观，从重审批转向重监管，从重项目实施转向完善制度安排，通过综合运用法律、行政、经济、科技四大调控手段，建立“天上看、地上查、网上管”的国土资源管理新体系，强化监测监管，服务社会公众。基于此，本文以国土资源监管为中心，以其基本业务属性分类的土地资源管理、矿产资源管理、地质灾害防治及应急指挥三个方面为主要研究对象，立足系统论、信息论等多学科理论，采用理论分析与实证研究相结合、技术设计与综合示范相补充的研究方法，全面分析国土资源监管的内涵、目标、主要内容，并选择以地市级国土资源主管部门从决策、执法、监督三个层面的国土资源监管需求为关键环节，在现代信息技术支撑下搭建智能化国土资源综合监管平台，形成基本分析思路，即按照统筹城乡的思路和方法搭建、设计“决策、执行、监督”三个层面应用、遵循“全面性、整体性、关联性、共享性”原则共享、采用“集中同步、分布汇交”模式更新综合监管平台，在该思路的指导下提出指标监管、资源监测、灾害监测、审批监管、行政监察、应急指挥6种国土资源监管模式，形成了实现国土资源监管的基本研究框架，构建了以信息技术为主的科技手段融入国土资源管理的分层式国土资源监管技术体系，为国土资源管理、监测监管提供了新的思路和方法。
通过本文分析及研究，得出以下主要的研究结论：
（1）立足于系统科学理论，面向国土资源管理，对国土资源监管的内涵和基本特征进行了深入的剖析和研究，认为国土资源监管的最终目标是提高国土资源保障能力和保护水平，促进经济社会全面协调可持续发展，提出了基于信息技术支撑下实现国土资源监管应遵循的四个基本原则，即统一规划加强领导、面向决策服务管理、客观准确动态及时、安全规范稳定高效，同时认为国土资源监管应在事前、事中、事后三个环节对国土资源动态监测与配置、规划、利用与保护四个方面实现监管，并在此基础上，形成国土资源监管的基本理论框架。该框架，进一步从管理、业务层面分析了国土资源监管的需求，认为国土资源监管贯穿于整个国土资源管理的各个环节和过程，总体上共分为三个层次，即：为领导及宏观调控提供依据和服务的决策层面、为基层工作人员在具体执行或落实国土资源管理政策及法律法规等业务和工作的执行层面，以及为中层干部或纪检部门提供监督检查服务的监督层面。
（2）基于上述提出的国土资源监管理论框架，提出了搭建国土资源综合监管平台的主要思路，即按照统筹城乡的思路和方法搭建综合监管平台，设计“决策、执行、监督”三个层次应用综合监管平台、遵循“全面性、整体性、关联性、共享性”原则共享综合监管平台、采用“集中同步、分布汇交”模式更新综合监管平台。研究认为实现国土资源监管，须从多角度、多层次、多方面进行深入推广和应用，提出了国土资源监管的6种模式，即指标监管、资源监测、灾害监测、审批监管、行政监察和应急指挥。采用分层结构，在信息技术支撑下提出了依托科技手段实现国土资源综合监管平台的五层总体技术架构，即提供软硬件环境的平台层、数据动态获取和采集的监测层、用于数据存储和分析的数据层、以Web2.0为架构的服务层，以及面向用户的应用层。
（3）采用企业应用集成（EAI）、硬件虚拟化及网络负载均衡、软件即服务（SaaS）、海量空间数据高效管理、空间数据ETL、空间信息获取及共享服务、现代通信等技术，在国土资源综合监管平台的总体架构下构建了实现国土资源综合监管平台的一整套技术体系，并形成了基于移动终端的野外数据采集系统、基于高分辨率遥感图像的监测系统、基于数据侦听技术的业务办理监控系统、基于视频技术的实时视频监控系统、基于卫星/3G无线通信技术的远程视频会议系统的5种国土资源监管方法。基于该技术体系，以成都市为综合示范试验区进行了应用示范，搭建了“1库3平台”，即成都市国土资源核心数据库和办公门户、数据门户、监测指挥（数据）中心。
（4）上述国土资源监管理论框架及其技术体系所形成的国土资源综合监管平台在成都综合示范试验区应用示范效果良好，并分别在年度卫片执法检查、土地利用变化监测、土地执法动态巡查及管理、例行督查图斑分析核查、耕地保护及耕保基金发放核查、地质灾害监测与预警、地质灾害应急指挥、行政效能监察、土地节约集约利用评价、业务并联审批及反腐倡廉、国土资源现状分析等方面取得了显著的应用和示范效果。
本研究的创新认识：
（1）以土地资源、矿产资源、地质灾害防治及应急指挥为研究对象，面向国土资源管理及其监测监管，构建了国土资源监管理论框架，包括国土资源监管的主要内容及其监管环节，并以地市级国土资源主管部门出发，从决策、监督、执行三个层面分析了国土资源监管的需求，提出了搭建国土资源综合监管平台的主要思路，即按照统筹城乡的思路和方法搭建、设计“决策、执行、监督”三个层面应用、遵循“全面性、整体性、关联性、共享性”原则共享、采用“集中同步、分布汇交”模式更新综合监管平台，为国土资源管理提供了新的研究思路。
（2）构建了以信息技术为支撑的国土资源监管技术体系。国土资源管理具有复杂性、多样性的特点，国土资源各业务之间具有相互的关联性，例如土地的“征、供、用、保、查”业务，是相互关联、有机联系的整体，某类业务是另一类业务的基础和条件；某类业务的结果，既是另一类业务的依据，也是相关指标变化的根据。本研究充分依托科技手段，综合运用和集成多学科的研究方法与手段，突出管理科学与技术学科相结合，构建以数据库管理、空间信息技术、软件工程技术、网络技术、无线通信技术等现代信息技术支撑下的国土资源监管技术体系，并在国土资源管理的事前、事中、事后三个环节通过指标监管、资源监测、灾害监测、审批监管、行政监察、应急指挥六种模式建设和应用，以打通各系统、各平台、各业务之间的关联关系，实现多种研究方法与手段的有机整合，从而更好地服务于国土资源管理。
（3）以系统论的思想，将国土资源管理以一个相互联系、完整有序、动态变化的整体进行研究，在国土资源监管的理论框架及其技术体系的指导下，在成都综合应用示范区搭建了成都市国土资源综合监管平台，并取得良好应用效果。传统的国土资源监管或管理大多以单个业务或少数几个业务进行研究和分析，直接针对其本身存在的问题制定对策和解决办法，本文以系统论思想作为理论指导综合运用控制论、现代信息论的基本思路和方法，坚持系统性、整体性为研究理念，将国土资源管理视为一个有机整体，深入研究国土资源综合监管平台与各业务系统之间的关联关系，在整体到局部的层层剖析中把握国土资源监管的本质特征并打通监管平台与业务系统、业务与业务之间的关联关系，建立以“征、供、用、保、查”为主线的国土资源管理模型，于局部到整体的关系之中，面向国土资源决策进行逐级抽象和归纳总结，构建模型寻求国土资源精细化管理之道，并以成都市为综合应用示范区，对文中所提出的国土资源监管理论框架及其技术体系进行了综合应用和示范。结果表明，基于该理论框架及其技术体系所搭建的成都市国土资源综合监管平台，各项性能指标稳定，应用示范效果良好，为国土资源管理的各项提供提供了良好的信息和技术服务保障。
Land resources are the material basis of human survival and sustainable developmentof society, and also the basic guarantee of our social and economic sustainabledevelopment. There is vast land area and relative low per capita resources in China.Development and utilization of resources involve many complicated interests. Thedouble-insurance problem of "keeping the development and protecting the red line" has tobe faced while national food security and protection of resources and the environmenthave to be conducted at the same time. National land resources have to participate in thenational macro-control as an important strategic position. The active strengthening of thesupervision of land resources, scientific and rational utilization of resources become apressing problem to be resolved.
In recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources has proposed emancipating themind, reform and innovation, changes in management principles, functions and modesand shifting from micro to macro, from approval to supervision, from implementation ofproject to improve the institutional arrangements. The establishment of the new land andresources system based on “space observation, field survey and internet management “wasto strengthen the monitoring and supervision, public service through the comprehensiveuse of four control means: legal, administrative, economic, of science and technology.This paper centers on the monitoring of different land and resources includingmanagement of land resouces and mineral resources, geological disaster prevention andemergency control. The study is based on the systems theory, information theory and othermulti-disciplinary theory to the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research,technical design and comprehensive demonstration of complementary research methods, acomprehensive analysis of the connotation, objectives, main content of the supervision ofland and resources, and select the requirement of land and resources supervision as the keylink from three levels of the decision,law enforcement and supervision at the municipalland and resources departments.Under the support of modern information technology to build intelligent land resources monitoring platform,a basic analysis ideas is formed,namely in accordance with the ideas and methods of urban and rural structures, design thethree_level application of “decision making, enforcement, monitoring”, sharing followedthe principles of “comprehensive, holistic, relevance, and shared”, focus on the mode ofcentralized synchronization and distributed Concurrent to update the comprehensivesupervision platform.Under the guidance of the ideas six modes of land and resourcessupervision is put forward which is indicators supervision, resource monitoring, disastermonitoring, regulatory approval,administrative supervision and the emergencycommand.Accordingly the initial formation of the basic research framework for thesupervision of land and resources is done, and the layered technology system for the landand resources supervision is built which syncretized the IT-based scientific andtechnological means to provide a new analytical thinking for land and resourcesmanagement, monitoring and supervision.
Through analysis and research,major conclusions include:
This study is based on the system scientific theory, facing the land and resourcesmanagement and is conducted in-depth analysis and researching on the content and basicfeatures of the supervision of land and resources, that the ultimate goal of the supervisionof land and resources is to improve the support capabilities and the protection level for theland and resources and promote overall economic and social as well as coordinated andsustainable development. Based on IT support, supervision of land resources shouldfollow four basic principles: unified planning and strengthen leadership, facingdecision-making and service management, objective accurate and dynamic timely, safetyregulations and stable efficient.while it is think that the land and resources supervisionshould be realized from the four aspects of dynamically monitoring and configuration,planning, utilization and protection in the three aspects of before, during and after the landand resources supervision,and on this basis, the basic theoretical framework forsupervision of land and resources is formed. The framework further analyses the needs ofthe land and resources supervision from the level of management and business, that thesupervision of land and resources throughout all aspects and process of the entire land andresource management, on the whole it is divided into three levels, namely: thedecision-making level to provide basis and service for the leadership and macro-control,the implementation level with the primary staff in the execution or implementation of thebusiness and work on policies,laws and regulations for land resource management, as wellas the supervision level to provide supervision and inspection services for the middle-levelcadres, discipline inspection departments.
Based on the above the theoretical framework of land and resources supervision, the structures of the main ideas is proposed to build the land and resources monitoringplatform, namely building integrated monitoring platform in accordance with the ideasand methods of urban and rural structures, designing application of the integratedsupervision platform from the three levels of “decision, execution, and supervision”,sharing the platform following the principle of "comprehensive, holistic, relevance,sharing”, updating the integrated supervision platform by using the mode of centralizedsynchronization and distributed Concurrent. In the study to implement the land andresources supervision, in-depth promotion and application should be done frommulti-angle, multi-layered, multifaceted. The six modes of land and resources supervisionis put forward that is indicators supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring,regulatory approval, administrative supervision and the emergency command. UsingHierarchy structure,and based on the IT support five_layered overall technicalarchitecture is put forward by which the integrated supervision platform of the land andresources can be achieved relying on scientific and technological means, namely:theplatform layer to provide the hardware and software environment, the monitoring layer todynamic access and acquire data, the data layer for data storage and analysis, the servicelayer with the Web2.0framework, as well as the user-oriented application layer.
By using the technology of enterprise application integration (EAI), hardwarevirtualization and network load balancing, software as a service (SaaS), efficientmanagement of massive spatial data, spatial data ETL, spatial information access andsharing services, modern communication and so on,based on the overall platformarchitecture of land and resources supervision, the set of land and resources monitoringplatform system is built, and five kinds of land and resources supervision approach isformed which are the field-based data acquisition system based on mobile terminal, themonitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing image, the business processmonitoring system based on data interception technology, the real-time video surveillancesystem based on video technology, the remote video conferencing system based onsatellite/3G wireless communications technology. Based on the technical system,application demonstration is done taking Chengdu as the integrated demonstration testarea, and set up one database and three platform, namely Land Resources core database ofChengdu and office portal,"one map" data portal, and monitoring command (data) center.
Based on the above theoretical framework and the technical system the land andresources supervision platform is applied in the integrated demonstration test area ofChengdu, the application effect is good, and has made the distinct application anddemonstration effect from the inspection of law enforcement in the annual by satelliteimages, land use and change monitoring, land law enforcement and dynamic inspectionsand management, routine inspection and Figure analysis and verification,theprotection of farmland and farming Fund payment verification, geological disastermonitoring and early warning,geological disasters emergency command, administrativeperformance monitoring, land economical and intensive use of evaluation, businessparallel approval and anti-corruptionthe, actuality analysis of land resources.
In this study, innovation are in follows:
For the study of land resources, mineral resources, geological disaster prevention andemergency command, and facing land and resources management and its monitoring andsupervision, the initial theoretical framework of land resources supervision is formed,including the main content and its supervision chain of land and resources supervision.Taking the municipal land and resources departments as start, the demand for land andresources supervision is analysed from the three levels of decision-making, supervisionand implementation, and the main ideas is proposed to build a platform of integrativesupervision for land and Resources, namely in accordance with the ideas and methods ofurban and rural structures, design of the three_level application of “decision making,enforcement and monitoring”, sharing followed the principles of “comprehensive, holistic,relevance, and shared”, focus on the mode of centralized synchronization and distributedConcurrent to update the integrative supervision platform to provide a new researchapproach for the Land and Resources management.
The land and resources monitoring technology system is built on the IT technologysupport.The land and resources management has the characteristics of complexity anddiversity, and the relation between the business of land and resources is mutual, such asthe land business of “levy, supply, use, insurance, and check” are interrelated and organicwhole.One business is the basis and condition of the other business; the results of aparticular type of business, is both the basis of other business and the related changeindicators. In this study, fully relying on scientific and technological means, the integrateduse of integrated multi-disciplinary research methods and means, to highlight thecombination of management science and technology disciplines, to build land andresources monitoring technology system supported by the modern information technologyincluding database management, spatial information technology, software engineeringtechnology, network technology, wireless communication technology,under the three linksof before, during, and after the land and resources management, construction andapplication is done through the six modes of indicators supervision, resource monitoring,disaster monitoring, regulatory approval,administrative supervision and the emergencycommand to open up the relationship between the various systems, platforms, and thebusiness and implement the organic integration of a variety of research methods and means, in order to better serve the land and resources management.
For the idea of systems theory, taking the entire land and resource management as acomplete, organic, interrelated whole to study, under the guidance of the theoreticalframework and its system, Chengdu Land Resources monitoring platform is set up indemonstration zone of Chengdu, and achieved good application results. Supervision ormanagement of land and resources most analyse and study the single business or a fewbusiness with developing strategies and solutions directly to its inherent problems.In thestudy system theory as a theoretical guidance, for integrated using the basic ideas andmethods of the control theory and modern information theory, adhering to a systematicand holistic research ideas, and land and resource management as an organic whole,in-depth study of the relationship between the land and resources monitoring platform andthe business system, to grasp the essential characteristics of the land and resourcessupervision by layered analysis from the overall to part and open up the relationshipbetween the supervision platforms and business systems, business and business, the landand resource management model with the main line of “levy, supply, use, insurance, andcheck” is established. During the relationship of the overall to part, abstracted andsummarized step by step for land and resource decision-making is done. The model toseek the Tao of meticulous management of land resources is built,and Chengdu as thecomprehensive application and demonstration area, in the theory land and resourcessupervision framework and its technical system for the integrated application anddemonstration is done. The results show that the integrative supervision platform of Landand Resources in Chengdu is built based on the theoretical framework and the technicalsystem with stable performance index and good application and demonstration effect.Thisprovides better support and services for land and resource management.
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