中国东北地区早白垩世层序地层与聚煤规律研究
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摘要
东北地区在早白垩世发育了丰富的煤炭资源。本文根据露头剖面、钻孔岩心及测井曲线等特征，对沉积环境、层序地层格架及聚煤规律进行研究。区内含煤岩系主要由砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、可燃有机岩和火山岩等岩石组成，可鉴别出25种具有成因意义的岩相类型。据此划分出冲积扇、河流、三角洲和湖泊等沉积体系，并建立4种典型的成煤模式。根据区域不整合面、下切谷砂砾岩体底面以及沉积相转换面等发育特征，在研究区识别出6个层序界面，将区域内的含煤地层共划分为5个三级层序,层序Ⅰ对应九佛堂阶，层序Ⅱ和层序Ⅲ对应沙海阶早期和晚期，层序Ⅳ和层序Ⅴ对应阜新阶早期和晚期，层序Ⅱ和层序Ⅳ中是主要的聚煤期。在综合分析各种单因素等值线的基础上，恢复了典型盆地及东北地区含煤盆地的岩相古地理，区内的有利聚煤古单元主要发育在河流泛滥平原、滨湖平原沼泽、三角洲平原沼泽环境。根据地层的分布特征、含煤性、层序格架下的聚煤特征，对煤作用的主要控制因素进行讨论，结果认为，研究区的西部带为最有利聚煤区。在沉降区内可容空间增加速率和泥炭堆积速率相平衡并稳定持续则有利于厚煤层的形成。
There are abundant coal resources formed in northeastern China during EarlyCretaceous period. Sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation werestudied based on data of cores, outcrop sections and well logs. The coal-bearing series weremainly composed of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, combustible organic rocksand volcanic rocks, a total of25lithofacies are identified. Then alluvial fan, fluvial, delta andlacustrine depositional systems were recognized and4kinds of typical coal-bearing modelswere establelished. Based on regional unconformity surface, erosional base of incise valleyfill sandstone/conglomerates, vertical facies reversal surface, a total of6sequence boundarieshave been identified, which subdivide the Early Creataceous coal measures into5third-ordersequences. The Jiufotang stage corresponds to Sequence I, the upper and lower Shahai stagecorrespond to Sequence Ⅱ and Sequence Ⅲ, the upper and lower Fuxin stage correspondto Sequence Ⅳ and Sequence V. SequenceⅡand sequence Ⅳare the best coal accumulatingperiod. Based on the comprehensive analysis of single-factor isoline map, paleogeographicmaps of coal-bearing basin in the typical basin and coal-bearing basin in northeastern Chinaare reconstructed. The most favourable depositional paleogeographic units for coalaccumulation are alluvial plain swamp, delta plain swamp, lakeshore plain swamp. Thedistribution features of coal-bearing sequences, coal-bearing properties and coalaccumulating characteristics in the sequence stratigraphic framework were further discussed.The results show that the western zone was the most favourable place for the coalaccumulation. The genesis of the coal seams were deposited at the place whereaccommodation space creation rates balanced with peat/coal accumulation rates was sustained and steady.
There are abundant coal resources formed in northeastern China during EarlyCretaceous period. Sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation werestudied based on data of cores, outcrop sections and well logs. The coal-bearing series weremainly composed of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, combustible organic rocksand volcanic rocks, a total of25lithofacies are identified. Then alluvial fan, fluvial, delta andlacustrine depositional systems were recognized and4kinds of typical coal-bearing modelswere establelished. Based on regional unconformity surface, erosional base of incise valleyfill sandstone/conglomerates, vertical facies reversal surface, a total of6sequence boundarieshave been identified, which subdivide the Early Creataceous coal measures into5third-ordersequences. The Jiufotang stage corresponds to Sequence I, the upper and lower Shahai stagecorrespond to Sequence Ⅱ and Sequence Ⅲ, the upper and lower Fuxin stage correspondto Sequence Ⅳ and Sequence V. SequenceⅡand sequence Ⅳare the best coal accumulatingperiod. Based on the comprehensive analysis of single-factor isoline map, paleogeographicmaps of coal-bearing basin in the typical basin and coal-bearing basin in northeastern Chinaare reconstructed. The most favourable depositional paleogeographic units for coalaccumulation are alluvial plain swamp, delta plain swamp, lakeshore plain swamp. Thedistribution features of coal-bearing sequences, coal-bearing properties and coalaccumulating characteristics in the sequence stratigraphic framework were further discussed.The results show that the western zone was the most favourable place for the coalaccumulation. The genesis of the coal seams were deposited at the place whereaccommodation space creation rates balanced with peat/coal accumulation rates was sustained and steady.
引文
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