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夜明颗粒对视网膜色素变性感光细胞的影响及机理研究
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摘要
本文的研究目的主要是探讨夜明颗粒对视网膜色素变性感光细胞的影响及机理研究。采用现代药理与科技方法,从临床与实验研究观察复方浓缩中药夜明颗粒对视网膜色素变性感光细胞的影响与疗效。同时对夜明颗粒探索理论为临床提供科学依据,寻求有效的中医药治疗视网膜色素变性。
     本文也对视网膜色素变性的中医理论进行探讨,详细的论述近代中医治疗本病与研究概况,西医治疗前景研究概况以及目前西医实验研究的最新动态。
     药物:夜明颗粒的组成是由本人的导师丁淑华教授集多年临床经验的基础上开发治疗视网膜色素变性的专方,自拟”夜明方”(即夜明颗粒)。夜明颗粒是由由熟地10g,枸杞子10g,黄芪15g,丹参15g,当归10g,制首乌10g,山萸肉10g,灵芝6g,白芍10g,枳壳6g等组成(为江阴天江药业有限公司生产的单味中药浓缩颗粒配方)。
     1.临床研究目的:探索夜明颗粒治疗视网膜色素变性疗效
     临床研究方法:研究夜明颗粒治疗组与其他四个对照组进行视网膜色素变性视力、视
     野疗效比较。
     治疗组:夜明颗粒剂---52例104只眼;
     对照组1:明目地黄汤合丹参注射液组---34例68只眼;
     对照组2:明目地黄汤合针灸注射组---29例58只眼;
     对照组3:滋阴明目丸组---35例70只眼;
     对照组4:杞菊地黄丸组---34例68只眼。
     2.实验研究
     实验研究1
     实验研究目的:观察夜明颗粒对50只SD大鼠急性血瘀模型血液流变学的影响。
     实验研究方法:SD大鼠共50只,随机分成5组,每组10只。这5组是正常组、模型组、小剂量组、中剂量组与对照组杞菊地黄丸浸剂。采用血液粘度检测仪LG-R-80(A)型进行血液流变学检测。
     实验研究2
     实验研究目的:观察夜明颗粒对32只ICR小鼠耳廓微循环的影响。
     实验研究方法:ICR小鼠共32只,随机分成4组,每组8只。这4组是夜明颗粒小剂量组、中剂量组、空白对照组与阳性对照组香丹注射液(即复方丹参注射液)。在显微镜下记录四组小鼠耳廓血流速度及血管口径的变化,然后进行比较。
     实验研究3
     实验研究目的:光镜观察夜明颗粒对18只rds小鼠视网膜感光细胞的作用。
     实验研究方法:18只4周龄rds小鼠,把他们分成两组:
     早期:rds小鼠4周龄时取9只鼠,随机将小鼠分为3组:①空白组对照组(2只),②杞菊地黄丸组(3只),③夜明颗粒组(4只)。
     中期:rds小鼠12周龄时取9只鼠,随机将小鼠分为3组:①空白组对照组(2只),②杞菊地黄丸组(3只),③夜明颗粒组(4只)。两组rds小鼠都灌胃4周,然后把小鼠处死,摘取眼球,再用光镜观察夜明颗粒对rds小鼠视网膜外核层数与感光细胞数的增减以及与对照进行比较。
     结果
     1.临床研究表明:
     夜明颗粒治疗视网膜色素变性视力有效率达90.38%,视野有效率达86.84%。本研究提示夜明颗粒对视网膜色素变性患者有提高视力,改善视敏度和视电图的作用。研究发现它的视力疗效优于其他四组---明目地黄汤合丹参注射液组、明目地黄汤合针灸注射组、滋阴明目丸组和杞菊地黄丸组。同时它的视野疗效优于滋阴明目丸组和杞菊地黄丸组,但逊于明目地黄汤合丹参注射液组与明目地黄汤合针灸注射组。
     2.实验研究表明:
     实验研究1:
     夜明颗粒能改善急性血瘀模型50只SD大鼠的血液流变学的各项指标。
     提示夜明颗粒对血液流变学有改善作用。夜明颗粒剂大,中,小剂量组与阳性组杞菊地黄丸比较两者对血液流变学的影响无显著差异。但是夜明颗粒大、中剂量在改善红细胞聚集性方面优于阳性组。
     实验研究2:
     夜明颗粒小剂量组、中剂量组和香丹液阳性组均可使32只ICR小鼠耳廓A/V血管口径比扩大,使小鼠血流速度明显加快,与空白对照组比较具有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。提示:夜明颗粒具有活血化瘀,改善微循环作用。但它与对照组香丹液比较无明显差异。
     实验研究3:
     (ⅰ)在18只rds小鼠视网膜外核层层数方面:
     夜明组在早期和中期与空白组比较均有较显著的差异P<0.01,与杞菊组比较早期和中期也有明显差异P<0.05;
     图6也提示早期rds小鼠视网膜外核层层数较多,中期较少。
     (ⅱ)在18只rds小鼠视网膜光感受器细胞数方面:
     夜明组在早期和中期与空白组比较均有较显著的差异P<0.01,与杞菊组比较早期与中期也有明显差异P<0.05。
     图7也提示早期rds小鼠视网膜光感受器细胞数较多,中期较少。
     研究的总结表明夜明颗粒能延缓rds小鼠视网膜外核层层数与光感受器细胞数的减少。
The primary objective of this research is to provide scientific evidence for Yeminkeli Formula in the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa patients. Using modern pharmacology & scientific technique to carry out clinical & laboratory study to evaluate the medicinal effects of Yeminkeli Formula in the treatment of RP patients. In this article, recent research on Retinitis Pigmentosa by the Eastern Medicine and Western Medicine researchers are also summarized.
     Medicine: Yeminkeli Formula is composed by my professor Ding Shu Hua for the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa. She invented this formula based on her long years of clinical experience and research on this disease. The composition of Yeminkeli Formula is熟地10g,枸杞子10g,黄芪15g,丹参15g,当归10g,制首乌10g,山萸肉10g,灵芝6g,白芍10g,枳壳6g.
     1. Clinical Study
     Objective: To evaluate the effect of medicinal effects of Yeminkeli Formula in the treatment of RP.
     Methods: To investigate and compare Yeminkeli Formula and the other four groups in respect of its improvement in vision field in the treamtment of RP patients. The five groups are:
     Yeminkeli Formula--52 cases 104 eyes
     Minmudihuang Mixture combined with Dangshen Injection---34 cases 68 eyes
     Minmudihuang Mixture combined with Acupuncture and Injection---29 cases 58 eyes
     Zhiyingminmu Pill---35 cases 70 eyes
     Qijudihuang Pilll---34 cases 68 eyes
     CONCLUSIONS:
     Clincal Study :
     Yeminkeli Formula is effective in the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa patients. Its improvement in respect of vision is 90.30% and vision field is 86.8%. Its vision improvement is better than all the other four formula i.e. Minmudihuang Mixture combined with Dangshen Injection, Minmudihuang Mixture combined with Acupuncture and Injection, Zhiyingminmu Pill and Qijudihuang Pill. It has shown that the vision field is also better Zhiyingminmu Pill and Qijudihuang Pill, but slightly poorly then Minmudihuang Mixture combined with Dangshen Injection and Minmudihuang Mixture combined with Acupuncture and Injection. This research shows that Yeminkeli Formula is effective in improving the vision.vision field and visual acuity in Retinitis Pigmentosa patients.
     2. Laboratory Study:
     Laboratory StudyⅠ
     Objective : To observe the Hemorheology effects of Yeminkeli Formula in 50 SD mice with acute blood stasis.
     Methods : There were 50 SD mice, stochastically divide them into 5 groups, 10 mice in each group. The five groups are: normal group, model group, small doses group, medium doses group, large doses group and the comparative group Qijudihuang Pill. Using Blood Viscosity equipment LG-R-80 (A) model to examine Hemorheology of each group..
     Laboratory StudyⅡ
     Objective : To observe the effects of Yeminkeli Formula in the microcirculation of the ears of 32 numbers of ICR mice.
     Methods : There were 32 ICR mice, stochastically divide them into 4 groups, 8 mice in each group. The four groups are : Yeminkeli Formula small doses group, medium doses group, normal group and the comparative group Xiangdangye. To record and compare the microcirculation blood circulation speed and the caliber changes of the blood vessels of the ears of each group under the microscope.
     Laboratory StudyⅢ
     Objective : To observe the effects of Yeminkeli Formula on retinal photoreceptor cells in 18 rds mice with light microscopy.
     Methods : Total 18 rds mice, 4 weeks old, then divide them into 2 groups:
     Early Stage: 9 mice were stochastically divided into 3 groups, 2 mice in normal group, 3 mice in Qijudihuang Pilll group, 4 mice in Yeminkeli Formula group. Intermediate Stage: After twelve weeks, another 9 mice were stochastically divided into 3 groups, 2 mice in normal group, 3 mice in Qijudihuang Pilll group, 4 mice in Yeminkeli Formula group. All mice were sacrified with eyes being immediately enucleated and examined under light microscopy to see the effects of Yeminkeli Formula on numbers of nuclear layers and numbers of cells of the retinal photoreceptor in rds mice, at the same time making comparison with the other groups.
     CONCLUSIONS:
     Laboratory StudyⅠ
     Yeminkeli Formula has significant effect (p<0.05) in Hemorheology in 50 SD rats with acute blood stasis. There is no signitcant effect between Yeminkeli Formula small doses group, medium doses group, large doses group and the comparative group Qijudihuang Pill. However, Yeminkeli Formula large doses group and medium doses group in respect of changing red blood cell gathering is better than the comparative group Qijudihuang Pill.
     Laboratory StudyⅡ
     Yeminkeli Formula can increase the blood circulation speed and enlarge the caliber of A/V blood vessels in the ears of the small doses group, medium doses group and the comparative group Xiangdangye of ICR rats. It has significant effect (p<0.05) compare with the normal group of ICR rats. The study also shows that Yeminkeli Formula can clear blood stasis and improve microcirculation. However, it effects are comparative to Xiangdanye.
     Laboratory StudyⅢ
     (ⅰ) in respect of the numbers of nuclear layers in 18 rds mice during early stage and intermediate stage, Yeminkeli Formula has remarkable difference P<0.01 with the normal group. Also during early stage and intermediate stage, compared with Qijudihuang Pill, it has obvious difference P<0.05. Map 6 shows that the the numbers of nuclear layers in rds mice during early stage is more and intermediate stage less,
     (ⅱ) in respect of the numbers of cells of the retinal photoreceptor in 18 rds mice during early stage and intermediate stage, Yeminkeli Formula has remarkable difference P<0.01 with the normal group. Also during early stage and intermediate stage, compared with Qijudihuang Pill, it has obvious difference P<0.05. Map 7 also shows that the numbers of nuclear layers in rds mice during early stage is more and intermediate stage less,
     The study shows that Yeminkeli Formula can delay the decrease of numbers of nuclear layers and numbers of cells of the retinal photoreceptor in rds mice.
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