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高血压病瘀热证与胰岛素抵抗、炎性因子的相关性研究
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摘要
中医学对于高血压病因病机的认识,经历了漫长的历史过程。历代医家见仁见智,各有侧重,风火痰瘀虚,均有论及。近年来不少医家强调瘀血、热毒在高血压病中的作用。瘀血和邪热,可以互为因果,搏结为患,形成瘀热,从而成为许多外感内伤疾病的共同病理基础。本文从理论研究方面对瘀热与高血压病的关系作了进一步的阐述,通过临床研究探讨了高血压病瘀热证的临床特征和病理学基础。
     通过对古今大量文献的分析、综合,得出如下结论:瘀热是高血压病发展过程中的重要病理改变,在肝肾阴阳失调的基础上,高血压病既有火热内生波及血分,博血为瘀之病理改变,又可出现瘀血形成,郁久化热之变。瘀热形成后,积久成毒,又会阻滞于脏腑经络,进一步加重脏腑的功能失调或致生他变。因此,活血化瘀、清热解毒法是高血压病主要治法之一。
     现代医学认为,高血压病可能有多种发病因素和复杂的发病机制所致。大量临床及实验研究结果表明,胰岛素抵抗(IR)通过多种机制参与了高血压病的发生及其靶器官的损害。同时,高血压病与炎症的关系也逐渐得到重视。研究发现高血压病病人C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子—α(TNF-α)、白介素—6(IL-6)等炎性因子明显升高,且呈高度相关,证实高血压病是一个低度的炎症状态性疾病。炎性因子与IR共同作用,促进了高血压病的发生、发展。
     目前从中医学角度分析高血压病IR、炎症反应的病因病机,寻求最佳治疗途径,己成为提高高血压病防治水平的关键性中医理论课题。近年来,大多数中医学者认为IR与瘀血、痰浊、热毒伤阴等密切相关,活血化瘀、清热解毒法治疗IR有一定临床效果,而炎症反应也多从热毒论治,提示高血压病瘀热证可能与IR、炎性因子有一定的相关性。
     研究目的:通过对瘀热理论的深入研究,揭示瘀热在高血压病发展过程中的重要性,临床研究旨在探讨高血压病瘀热证的临床特征和病理学基础,为瘀热证的辨治提供科学依据。
     (1)通过观察高血压病瘀热证患者年龄、病程、体重指数、血脂、危险分层及并发的临床情况等指标与非瘀热证患者比较,分析高血压病瘀热证的临床特征;
     (2)通过检测高血压病患者胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、肿瘤坏死因子—α(TNF—α)、白介素—6(IL-6)、C—反应蛋白(CRP)等指标,探讨高血压病IR与炎性因子之间的关系;
     (3)通过高血压病瘀热证与非瘀热证两组ISI、TNF—α、IL-6、CRP等指标比较,探讨高血压病瘀热证与IR、炎性因子之间的关系,以进一步阐明高血压病瘀热证的病理生理学基础。
     研究方法:将80例高血压病患者分为瘀热证组和非瘀热证组,同时20例健康体检者设为正常对照。所有观察对象检测身高、体重、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、IL-6、TNF—α、CRP等指标,计算体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)。
     研究结果:
     (1)瘀热证组在病程、BMI、血脂水平(TC、TG、LDL-C)、危险分层、并存临床情况等方面与非瘀热证组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.01或P〈0.05);
     (2)高血压病组FINS、IL-6、TNF—α较正常对照组显著增高,ISI较正常对照组显著降低(P〈0.01),有显著差异;两组CRP相比,P〉0.05,无明显差异;ISI与IL-6、TNF—α、BMI、TC、TG、LDL-C均呈负相关(P〈0.05),有显著差异。
     (3)瘀热证组IL-6、TNF—α值显著高于非瘀热证组(P〈0.01),瘀热证组ISI显著低于非瘀热证组(P〈0.01),两组相比均有显著差异。
     结论:
     (1)瘀热证可以存在于多数高血压病患者中,与病程、BMI、血脂水平(TC、TG、LDL-C)及高血压危险分层有关,并与高血压病靶器官损害、并存之临床情况包括颈动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、脑梗塞、脑出血关系密切。
     (2)部分高血压病患者合并IR:而且高血压病患者存在亚临床炎症状态,伴有炎性因子IL-6、TNF—α的升高;高血压病IR与IL-6、TNF—α、BMI、TC、TG、LDL-C等均有关。
     (3)IR、炎症反应可能为高血压病瘀热证病理生理主要改变。
Although the denomination of hypertension can not be found in traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM), hypertension remains with illness of giddiness and headache and strokein TCM because of its symptoms. Lots of chinese medicals have different viewpoints abouthypertension pathogenesis in TCM, such as wind, heat, sputum, stasis and difficiency.Under the influence of constitutional make up factor, emotional factor, modem lifestyle,many Chinese medicals emphasis the important effect of stasis and heat in hypertension. Atcertain stages of the development of acute exonenous febrile diseases and some internaldiseases, heat and stasis may be present at the same time in many patients,which becomecommon pathology in these diseases. In the present study, we have explored therelationships of the mixed stasis-heat symptom with hypertension in the theoretic research.We have discussed the clinical characters and the pathological basic of the mixedstasis-heat symptom in hypertension.
     Based on the theories about apoplexy in TCM, it is put forward in this paper that theblood stasis and heat accumulated is the key pathogenesis for hypertention. At certainstages of the development of hypertension, heat can cause the formation of blood stasis, atthe same time, the stasis can cause the formation of heat, which combine to form a specialsyndrome damageing to the zang-fu organs. The main treatment is to begiven with coolingheat and clearing stasis therapy, including many functions like clearing away heat, coolingthe blood and stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,purging heat.
     In morden medicine, many pathogenesis and pathological factors can causehypertension, theoretic and clinical research verify the result that insulin resistance(IR)cause hypertension and damage to the target organ, complication appearance played an importantrole. More and more specialists emphasise the relation between the hypertension and the inflammation.Increased levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), tumour necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), etc, the markers of inflammation are associated with incident hypertension, and they think it isan inflammation disease.
     Today, many chinese medicals found the importance of the stasis and heat in the process of the hypertension. The main treatment that cooling heat and clearing stasis haveincrease the insulin sensitive. It is possible that IR and inflammation are relate to the mixedstasis-heat symptom.
     Objective Investigate the clinical characters and the pathological basic of the mixedstasis-heat symptom in hypertension to clarify the importance of the mixed stasis-heat.Provide scientific evidence to differentiate and treat the mixed stasis-heat symptom inhypertension.
     (1) To observe the age, course of hypertension, body mass index(BMI), serum lipids,risk degree, target organ injury, clinical supervention in order to investigate the clinicalcharacters of the mixed stasis-heat symptom in hypertension.
     (2) Measurement indicators included the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), TNF-α, IL-6,CRP in order to investigate the relationships of the insulin resistance(IR) with theinflammatory cytokines.
     (3) To observe the relationships of the IR and the inflammatory cytokines with themixed stasis-heat symptom in hypertension in order to investigate the pathological basic ofthe mixed stasis-heat symptom.
     Methods The hypertension patients were divided to two groups, the mixedstasis-heat symptom group and without stasis-heat symptom group, which compare with thenormal controlled group. Measurement indicators included stature, weight, serum lipids,total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low densitylipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglycerol (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting serum insulin (FINS), TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, BMI and ISI were calculated.
     Results
     (1)There were significant statistical differce on the age, course of hypertension, BMI,serum lipids, such as TC, TG, LDL-C, risk degree, target organ injury, clinical superventionbetween the mixed stasis-heat symptom group and without stasis-heat symptom group inhypertension.
     (2)The level of FINS, TNF-αand IL-6 increased in hypertension group, as comparedwith normal group. The level of ISI de creased in hypertension group, as compared withnormal group. But there was no significant statistical differce on the level of CRP in twogroups, there were negative relationships between IR and the plasma level of IL-6, TNF-α,BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C in hypertensive patient.
     (3) There were significant statistical differce on the level of ISI, IL-6, TNF-αbetween the mixed stasis-heat symptom group and without stasis-heat symptom group inhypertension.
     Conclusion The mixed stasis-heart symptom is correlated with the age, course ofhypertension, BMI, serum lipids, such as TC, TG, LDL-C, risk degree, target organ injury,clinical supervention. The hypertensive patients show a higher insulin resistance.Subclinical inflammation probably exists in hypertension patients. The IL-6, TNF-α, BMI,TC, TG, and LDL-C are independent risk factors of insulin resistance. IR and Subclinicalinflammation are the part of the patholonical basis for the mixed stasis-heart symptom.
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