基于3S-VR的数字配电网基础模型研究
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摘要
数字配电网DDPS(Digital Distribution Power Systems)是一种计算机信息网络系统,其目的是建立实际运行的配电生产网的物理结构、物理特性、技术性能、经济管理、环保指标、人员状况、科教活动等的数字化系统,并形象、实时地描述与再现,以此解决配电生产网的运行管理和实时监控等问题,有利于提高配电生产网的安全、稳定、经济性能等。
DDPS的内容主要由配电生产网决定,随着配电生产网的改变而改变。中国经济的飞速发展,造成了中国配电生产网的迅猛变化。特别是近10年,中国配电生产网产生了组网复杂化、三相不平衡化、运行管理精确化等许多新的特点,使得现有的基于二维的DDPS存在着因大量简化和丢失三维数据而不能正确再现配电生产网的物理结构和物理特性、因处理模型过于简化而不能满足生产需要等难以克服的缺点。因此,需要建立新型的DDPS。
克服现有DDPS不足的关键在于：(1)增补海量三维数据、采用适当的空间模型以描述配电生产网的物理结构；(2)获得完整的几何拓扑关系集和几何拓扑分析模型,替代过度简化的拓扑关系集和几何拓扑分析模型,用于描述和分析配电生产网的物理结构之间的拓扑关系；(3)采用适当的网络分析模型,替代过度简化或不正确的网络分析模型,描述配电生产网的物理特性。
‘随着计算机信息处理技术的发展,建立基于3S-VR(3S:GIS、RS、GPS;VR: Virtual Reality)的DDPS是可行的,有望从根本上解决现有DDPS存在的缺点。
本文以此为背景,采用计算机软件工程和计算机信息处理等技术,重点研究了新一代DDPS建设的基础性工作,即DDPS空间数据模型、DDPS空间拓扑分析模型和DDPS网络分析模型。论文的主要研究内容及创新点为：
(1)针对DDPS空间目标的特点,提出了OO-PF-CSG的DDPS空间数据模型,即,DDPS的整体数据模型采用面向对象的方式(OO),空间目标的几何数据采用参数函数(PF)和结构实体几何数据模型(CSG)。应用该模型,本文设计了DDPS总体数据模型,重点研究了DDPS空间目标的几何数据结构,设计了导体的空间数据模型。该模型能够有效描述DDPS空间目标的几何特性,增补了数据采集和保证了数据的高效处理,克服了现有DDPS大量丢失和简化采集数据甚至错误处理数据的缺点,解决了正确描述DDPS的物理结构的问题。
(2)针对配电生产网的特点,通过25组(53个)简化条件,将DDPS空间拓扑关系集由7×512=3584个简化为109个,获得了完整的具有实用价值的DDPS空间拓扑关系集,可以有效描述和分析配电生产网的物理结构之间的拓扑关系,克服了现有DDPS将拓扑关系过度简化的缺点。
(3)提出了基于几何拓扑分析的TRAP算法和CAP算法。在构建优化后的拓扑关系决策树后,采用TRAP算法可判断任意两个配电元件的几何拓扑关系。采用CAP算法可获得电气相邻几何网络,并通过算例验证了CAP算法的正确性。
(4)提出了电路元件的多逻辑网络特性及相应的处理方法。该特性是DDPS网络区别于其它网络的关键特点。电路元件的多逻辑网络特性是指：一个电路元件,在实现不同的网络分析功能时,在逻辑网络中都要采用不同的元素及元素间的关系来表示该电路元件,从而形成多个逻辑网络。应用该特性,能明确区分DDPS的物理结构和物理特性,提高计算机处理效率,能够更有效地描述配电生产网的物理特性。
(5)针对配电网网络分析特点,建立了配电网网络分析模型,并详细阐述了配电网网络分析模型中的主要概念。在配电网网络分析模型中,采用不同的逻辑网络、不同的网络追踪方式、不同的后演化计算、不同图的逆向复原等,可以实现不同DDPS的高级功能,因此,该模型是实现DDPS高级应用的基石。该模型能够更有效地描述配电生产网的物理特性,克服了现有DDPS将配电网网络分析过度简化甚至错误描述配电生产网的特理特性的缺点。
(6)提出了基于DDPS网络分析模型的TGSCCCP算法。TGSCCCP算法用于在给定两相接地短路点的情况下,计算配电生产网中的短路电流。算例验证了TGSCCCP算法能够正确有效获得两相接地短路电流数据。
DDPS (Digital Distribution Power Systems) is a kind of computer information system, which try to build digital system of physical structure, physical characters, technological performance, economical manage, environment protection index, personnel situation, scientific and educational activities of Distribution Power Produce System, and depicts and reappears them visually and in real time, aiming at solving problems of operation, management, supervision and control of Distribution Power Produce System(DPPS). DDPS can improve safety, stabilization and economical performance of DPPS and so on.
The content of DDPS is decided by DPPS and changes as DPPS changes. With the rapidly development of economy of China, DPPS of China is changing fast. Especially in recent decade, DPPS of China appears many new characters, such as more complicated net, more unbalanceable three-phase, more precise operation and management, which makes existing DDPS based on two-dimension have insurmountable shortcomings. For example, DDPS cannot reappear rightly physical structures and physical characters of DPPS due to mass reduction and 3D data loss. Another example is that DDPS can not satisfy the need of operation because of too simple models. So new type DDPS is needed.
Keys to overcome shortcomings of existing DDPS are:(1) supple a mass of 3D data and use proper spatial model to depicts physical structures of DPPS; (2) get whole geometrical topological relations set and geometrical topological analysis model, replacing the too simple ones, which are used to depict and analyze topological relations of physical structures of DPPS; (3) use proper net analysis model, replacing too simple or incorrect one, which are used to depict physical characters of DPPS.
With the development of computer information technology, building DDPS based-on 3S-VR(3S:GIS、RS、GPS; VR:Virtual Reality) is viable which is helpful to solve radically the shortcomings of existing DDPS.
This dissertation uses the above as background, uses technologies of computer software engineering, computer information processing and so on, puts emphasis on researching basic works of building new generation DDPS, which are spatial data model of DDPS, spatial topological analysis model of DDPS and net analysis model of DDPS. The major contribution of this dissertation is specifically stated as follows.
(1) Aiming at the characters of spatial objects of DDPS, OO-PF-CSG spatial data model of DDPS is proposed, which is that the whole data model is the mode of Oriented-Object and the geometrical data model of spatial objects is Parameter Function(PF) and Construction Solid Geometry. The whole data model of DDPS is designed. Geometrical data structure of spatial objects of DDPS are researched as a emphasis. The spatial data model of conductor is designed too. The model can depict effectively geometrical characters of spatial objects of DDPS, supplement data and process data effectively, overcome shortcomings which are that mass data loss, reduced data even incorrect data processing. The model solve how to present correctly physical structures(The first key to be needed to be solved).
(2) Aiming at characters of DPPS, by 25 groups (the number is 53) negative conditions, the number of spatial Topological Relationships are reduced from 7*512=3584 to 109, then the whole and practical spatial topological relationships of DDPS are got which can present and analyze effectively the topological relationships of physical structures of DPPS and overcome the shortcomings due to overage reeducation of topological relationships (The second key to be needed to be solved).
(3) TRAP Arithmetic and CAP Arithmetic are proposed. After constructing optimization topological relationships decision-making tree, TRAP Arithmetic can judge the geometrical topological relationships of any two distribution power components. CAP Arithmetic can get electrical contiguous geometrical new, and example tests it is correct.
(4) Multi-logical-net character of component of circuit and its processing method are proposed. The character is key one which distinguishes between DDPS and other nets. Multi-logical-net character of component of circuit is that a component of circuit are expressed using different elements and relationships between elements in logical net when different net analysis functions are implemented, then several logical net are come into being. Using the character, physical structures and physical characters of DDPS can be distinguished, computer processing efficiency can be improved and physical characters of DPPS can be presented more effectively (The second key to be needed to be solved).
(5) Aiming at characters of net analysis of DDPS, net analysis model of DDPS are built and main concepts in the model are presented particularly. In the model, different advanced functions of DDPS can be implemented by applying different logical nets, different net pursuing modes, different after-evolvement calculations, different conversing recoverings of circuit and so on. Therefore, the model is the base of implementing advanced functions of DDPS. The model can depict more effectively the physical characters of DPPS, overcome shortcomings due to overage reeducation of physical characters of DPPS(The third key to be needed to be solved).
(6) TGSCCCP Arithmetic based-on net analysis model of DDPS is proposed. The Arithmetic calculates the short circuit current when short point of in two-phase grounded short circuit is given. The example tests the arithmetic is correct.
DDPS的内容主要由配电生产网决定,随着配电生产网的改变而改变。中国经济的飞速发展,造成了中国配电生产网的迅猛变化。特别是近10年,中国配电生产网产生了组网复杂化、三相不平衡化、运行管理精确化等许多新的特点,使得现有的基于二维的DDPS存在着因大量简化和丢失三维数据而不能正确再现配电生产网的物理结构和物理特性、因处理模型过于简化而不能满足生产需要等难以克服的缺点。因此,需要建立新型的DDPS。
克服现有DDPS不足的关键在于：(1)增补海量三维数据、采用适当的空间模型以描述配电生产网的物理结构；(2)获得完整的几何拓扑关系集和几何拓扑分析模型,替代过度简化的拓扑关系集和几何拓扑分析模型,用于描述和分析配电生产网的物理结构之间的拓扑关系；(3)采用适当的网络分析模型,替代过度简化或不正确的网络分析模型,描述配电生产网的物理特性。
‘随着计算机信息处理技术的发展,建立基于3S-VR(3S:GIS、RS、GPS;VR: Virtual Reality)的DDPS是可行的,有望从根本上解决现有DDPS存在的缺点。
本文以此为背景,采用计算机软件工程和计算机信息处理等技术,重点研究了新一代DDPS建设的基础性工作,即DDPS空间数据模型、DDPS空间拓扑分析模型和DDPS网络分析模型。论文的主要研究内容及创新点为：
(1)针对DDPS空间目标的特点,提出了OO-PF-CSG的DDPS空间数据模型,即,DDPS的整体数据模型采用面向对象的方式(OO),空间目标的几何数据采用参数函数(PF)和结构实体几何数据模型(CSG)。应用该模型,本文设计了DDPS总体数据模型,重点研究了DDPS空间目标的几何数据结构,设计了导体的空间数据模型。该模型能够有效描述DDPS空间目标的几何特性,增补了数据采集和保证了数据的高效处理,克服了现有DDPS大量丢失和简化采集数据甚至错误处理数据的缺点,解决了正确描述DDPS的物理结构的问题。
(2)针对配电生产网的特点,通过25组(53个)简化条件,将DDPS空间拓扑关系集由7×512=3584个简化为109个,获得了完整的具有实用价值的DDPS空间拓扑关系集,可以有效描述和分析配电生产网的物理结构之间的拓扑关系,克服了现有DDPS将拓扑关系过度简化的缺点。
(3)提出了基于几何拓扑分析的TRAP算法和CAP算法。在构建优化后的拓扑关系决策树后,采用TRAP算法可判断任意两个配电元件的几何拓扑关系。采用CAP算法可获得电气相邻几何网络,并通过算例验证了CAP算法的正确性。
(4)提出了电路元件的多逻辑网络特性及相应的处理方法。该特性是DDPS网络区别于其它网络的关键特点。电路元件的多逻辑网络特性是指：一个电路元件,在实现不同的网络分析功能时,在逻辑网络中都要采用不同的元素及元素间的关系来表示该电路元件,从而形成多个逻辑网络。应用该特性,能明确区分DDPS的物理结构和物理特性,提高计算机处理效率,能够更有效地描述配电生产网的物理特性。
(5)针对配电网网络分析特点,建立了配电网网络分析模型,并详细阐述了配电网网络分析模型中的主要概念。在配电网网络分析模型中,采用不同的逻辑网络、不同的网络追踪方式、不同的后演化计算、不同图的逆向复原等,可以实现不同DDPS的高级功能,因此,该模型是实现DDPS高级应用的基石。该模型能够更有效地描述配电生产网的物理特性,克服了现有DDPS将配电网网络分析过度简化甚至错误描述配电生产网的特理特性的缺点。
(6)提出了基于DDPS网络分析模型的TGSCCCP算法。TGSCCCP算法用于在给定两相接地短路点的情况下,计算配电生产网中的短路电流。算例验证了TGSCCCP算法能够正确有效获得两相接地短路电流数据。
DDPS (Digital Distribution Power Systems) is a kind of computer information system, which try to build digital system of physical structure, physical characters, technological performance, economical manage, environment protection index, personnel situation, scientific and educational activities of Distribution Power Produce System, and depicts and reappears them visually and in real time, aiming at solving problems of operation, management, supervision and control of Distribution Power Produce System(DPPS). DDPS can improve safety, stabilization and economical performance of DPPS and so on.
The content of DDPS is decided by DPPS and changes as DPPS changes. With the rapidly development of economy of China, DPPS of China is changing fast. Especially in recent decade, DPPS of China appears many new characters, such as more complicated net, more unbalanceable three-phase, more precise operation and management, which makes existing DDPS based on two-dimension have insurmountable shortcomings. For example, DDPS cannot reappear rightly physical structures and physical characters of DPPS due to mass reduction and 3D data loss. Another example is that DDPS can not satisfy the need of operation because of too simple models. So new type DDPS is needed.
Keys to overcome shortcomings of existing DDPS are:(1) supple a mass of 3D data and use proper spatial model to depicts physical structures of DPPS; (2) get whole geometrical topological relations set and geometrical topological analysis model, replacing the too simple ones, which are used to depict and analyze topological relations of physical structures of DPPS; (3) use proper net analysis model, replacing too simple or incorrect one, which are used to depict physical characters of DPPS.
With the development of computer information technology, building DDPS based-on 3S-VR(3S:GIS、RS、GPS; VR:Virtual Reality) is viable which is helpful to solve radically the shortcomings of existing DDPS.
This dissertation uses the above as background, uses technologies of computer software engineering, computer information processing and so on, puts emphasis on researching basic works of building new generation DDPS, which are spatial data model of DDPS, spatial topological analysis model of DDPS and net analysis model of DDPS. The major contribution of this dissertation is specifically stated as follows.
(1) Aiming at the characters of spatial objects of DDPS, OO-PF-CSG spatial data model of DDPS is proposed, which is that the whole data model is the mode of Oriented-Object and the geometrical data model of spatial objects is Parameter Function(PF) and Construction Solid Geometry. The whole data model of DDPS is designed. Geometrical data structure of spatial objects of DDPS are researched as a emphasis. The spatial data model of conductor is designed too. The model can depict effectively geometrical characters of spatial objects of DDPS, supplement data and process data effectively, overcome shortcomings which are that mass data loss, reduced data even incorrect data processing. The model solve how to present correctly physical structures(The first key to be needed to be solved).
(2) Aiming at characters of DPPS, by 25 groups (the number is 53) negative conditions, the number of spatial Topological Relationships are reduced from 7*512=3584 to 109, then the whole and practical spatial topological relationships of DDPS are got which can present and analyze effectively the topological relationships of physical structures of DPPS and overcome the shortcomings due to overage reeducation of topological relationships (The second key to be needed to be solved).
(3) TRAP Arithmetic and CAP Arithmetic are proposed. After constructing optimization topological relationships decision-making tree, TRAP Arithmetic can judge the geometrical topological relationships of any two distribution power components. CAP Arithmetic can get electrical contiguous geometrical new, and example tests it is correct.
(4) Multi-logical-net character of component of circuit and its processing method are proposed. The character is key one which distinguishes between DDPS and other nets. Multi-logical-net character of component of circuit is that a component of circuit are expressed using different elements and relationships between elements in logical net when different net analysis functions are implemented, then several logical net are come into being. Using the character, physical structures and physical characters of DDPS can be distinguished, computer processing efficiency can be improved and physical characters of DPPS can be presented more effectively (The second key to be needed to be solved).
(5) Aiming at characters of net analysis of DDPS, net analysis model of DDPS are built and main concepts in the model are presented particularly. In the model, different advanced functions of DDPS can be implemented by applying different logical nets, different net pursuing modes, different after-evolvement calculations, different conversing recoverings of circuit and so on. Therefore, the model is the base of implementing advanced functions of DDPS. The model can depict more effectively the physical characters of DPPS, overcome shortcomings due to overage reeducation of physical characters of DPPS(The third key to be needed to be solved).
(6) TGSCCCP Arithmetic based-on net analysis model of DDPS is proposed. The Arithmetic calculates the short circuit current when short point of in two-phase grounded short circuit is given. The example tests the arithmetic is correct.
引文
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