苏德尔特油田兴安岭油层层序格架内储层非均质性及储层评价
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摘要
针对苏德尔特油田兴安岭油层断层复杂、地层厚度变化大、储层连续性较差、物性变化快、非均质性强等地质特征和开发现状,综合应用各种勘探开发资料,以高分辨率层序地层学、沉积学、储层地质学和开发地质学等理论和技术为指导,完成苏德尔特油田兴安岭油层高分辨率层序地层划分、沉积微相、物性特征、层序格架内非均质性和油水分布特征研究,并对储层进行分类评价,为油田调整挖潜提供了依据。论文主要成果和认识如下:
(1)建立工区高分辨率层序地层格架,将兴安岭油层划分为3个长期旋回、13个中期旋回。以中期旋回格架为约束,将主要含油层系划分为26个小层,为储层精细描述奠定了基础。
(2)通过岩心观察、沉积背景和沉积特征分析,认为苏德尔特油田为近源、快速、水下、水动力较强、弱氧化-弱还原的沉积环境,储集砂体以扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道、水道侧缘溢岸、席状砂、远砂坝为主。砂体分布受层序位置和沉积微相控制,处于中期旋回转换面附近的砂体厚度大、物性好。贝16块和贝14块砂体分布稳定,厚度和连通性比贝28块好。建立了孔、渗解释模型,认为兴安岭油层为中、低孔隙度,特低渗、超低渗储层,具有随深度增加孔、渗逐渐变差的趋势。在埋深1600~1800m范围内,存在次生孔隙发育带,带内孔、渗相对较大。
(3)在层序格架内分析了储层的非均质性特征。苏德尔特油田层内发育泥质夹层,分布不稳定,层内渗透率变异系数大部分在2左右,层内非均质性中等-强;平面上砂体迁移频繁,砂体叠置关系复杂、横向连通较差;层间隔层稳定性差,局部井区缺失了封隔能力,层间渗透率变异系数均大于0.7,为强非均质。层序格架内基准面旋回决定了储层的非质性,短期旋回控制储层层内非均质性,存在:①物性向上变好,②物性向上变差,③物性变化不大,④物性向上变好复变差等4种非均质模式。中、长期旋回决定平面和层间非均质性,处于中、长期旋回转换面附近,砂体分布范围大,厚度大、物性好;处于中、长期旋回水泛面附近,砂体呈孤立状分布,厚度小,物性差。中期旋回内处于基准面低位处,砂体厚度大,颗粒粗,物性好;处于基准面高位处,砂体厚度小,颗粒细,物性差,造成层间非均质性。
(4)孔隙类型以原生、次生孔隙为主,存在微裂缝。以孔隙缩小型、缩颈型喉道为主,为小喉道储层。粘土矿物总含量都在10%以上,水敏性强。
(5)油藏分布受构造控制,油藏分布在大断裂上升盘的断块、断鼻等构造圈闭内,整体表现为上油下干(水)。采用“权重法”,以小层为单元将兴安岭储层分为3类,处于中期旋回转换面附近一类储层发育,二、三类储层也呈连片状分布。
通过研究,形成了一套复杂断块油藏精细地层对比、非均质性研究及储层评价的研究思路和技术方法,对苏德尔特油田兴安岭油层改善开发效果,提高采收率有较好的指导意义,对同类油藏的开发具有重要的借鉴作用。
Considering the geological characteristics of fault complexity, variable stratigraphic thickness, bad continuity of reservoir, quick variability of physical property, strong heterogeneity and development circumstance of Xinganling Reservoir in Sudeerte oil-field, applying different exploration and development data, guided by the theory and technology of high resolution sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, reservoir geology and development geology, high resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation, sediment micro-facies, physical properties, heterogeneity under sequence frame, distribution of oil and reservoir assessment had been studied. All this provided references for adjusting development in the oil-field. The main results of this dissertation are listed as follows:
(1) Referred to the research of the previous stratigraphic correlation, Xinganling Reservoir can be divided into 3 long-term cycle and 13 middle-term cycle. In order to finely study reservoir, 26 subzone may be divided under confined middle-term cycle in main oil-bearing series.
(2) Near source, fast, underwater, strong hydropower and weak oxidation to weak deoxidation environment can be judged from core observation, sedimentary background and characteristics during the depositional stage of Xinganling Reservoir. Reservoir sand bodies are mainly underwater branch river channel, natural dike, crevasse splay, sand sheet and distal bar. The distributions of sand bodies are controlled by the location in the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary micro-facies, so the thickness of sand bodies is high near the transform of middle-term cycle. The sand bodies of Bei16 and bei14 block are more stable, thicker and more connective than Bei28’s. Porosity and permeability models were built and the reservoir is middle-low porosity, too low permeability based on the interpretation result. Porosity and permeability are becoming small with increasing depth, but during the depth of 1600-1800m there is a secondary porosity zone. Porosity and permeability are good in the secondary porosity zone.
(3) Heterogeneity of reservoir could be analyzed under sequence frame. Muddy interbeds are not stable in Sudeerte oil-field and heterogeneity in the sand body is middle or strong. For example, permeability variation coefficient in the sand body is mainly at 2.The sand bodies often moved, complicatedly superimposed and badly connected. Barrier beds is not stable and in some area there is not muddy interbeds. Heterogeneity between sand bodies is strong and permeability variation coefficient are all over 2. Base level cycles under sequence frame control the reservoir heterogeneity. Short-term cycle controls reservoir heterogeneity in sand bodies and there are 4 models, such as upward favorableness, upward disadvantage, upward favorableness again disadvantage and upward no large change model. Long and middle term cycles control intrabed and plan heterogeneity. Near transform surfaces sandbodies are in great distribution, high thickness and good physical properties, on the other hand, near flood surfaces sandbodies are isolated distribution, in low thickness and bad physical properties.
(4) Pore forms are mainly original and secondary and sometimes micro-fissure. Throats mainly are pore reduction and necking type and the diameters of throats are small. The clay content is over 10% in reservoir, so the velocity sensibility is strong.
(5)The structure controls the distribution of reservoirs, reservoirs are located in fault blocks in upthrows of big faults, oil in the upper part and water in the lower part generally. Applied assessment method of multi-parameter, Xinganling reservoirs were classified 3 types by subzones and the first type of subzones are mostly located near the base levels of middle-term cycles.
This study suggested a way of research and technological methods by fine stratigraphic correlation, heterogeneity and reservoir assessment on complicated fault block reservoir. This technology is very effective to improve the development and recovery for Xinganling reservoir and also very helpful for the similar reservoir development.
(1)建立工区高分辨率层序地层格架,将兴安岭油层划分为3个长期旋回、13个中期旋回。以中期旋回格架为约束,将主要含油层系划分为26个小层,为储层精细描述奠定了基础。
(2)通过岩心观察、沉积背景和沉积特征分析,认为苏德尔特油田为近源、快速、水下、水动力较强、弱氧化-弱还原的沉积环境,储集砂体以扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道、水道侧缘溢岸、席状砂、远砂坝为主。砂体分布受层序位置和沉积微相控制,处于中期旋回转换面附近的砂体厚度大、物性好。贝16块和贝14块砂体分布稳定,厚度和连通性比贝28块好。建立了孔、渗解释模型,认为兴安岭油层为中、低孔隙度,特低渗、超低渗储层,具有随深度增加孔、渗逐渐变差的趋势。在埋深1600~1800m范围内,存在次生孔隙发育带,带内孔、渗相对较大。
(3)在层序格架内分析了储层的非均质性特征。苏德尔特油田层内发育泥质夹层,分布不稳定,层内渗透率变异系数大部分在2左右,层内非均质性中等-强;平面上砂体迁移频繁,砂体叠置关系复杂、横向连通较差;层间隔层稳定性差,局部井区缺失了封隔能力,层间渗透率变异系数均大于0.7,为强非均质。层序格架内基准面旋回决定了储层的非质性,短期旋回控制储层层内非均质性,存在:①物性向上变好,②物性向上变差,③物性变化不大,④物性向上变好复变差等4种非均质模式。中、长期旋回决定平面和层间非均质性,处于中、长期旋回转换面附近,砂体分布范围大,厚度大、物性好;处于中、长期旋回水泛面附近,砂体呈孤立状分布,厚度小,物性差。中期旋回内处于基准面低位处,砂体厚度大,颗粒粗,物性好;处于基准面高位处,砂体厚度小,颗粒细,物性差,造成层间非均质性。
(4)孔隙类型以原生、次生孔隙为主,存在微裂缝。以孔隙缩小型、缩颈型喉道为主,为小喉道储层。粘土矿物总含量都在10%以上,水敏性强。
(5)油藏分布受构造控制,油藏分布在大断裂上升盘的断块、断鼻等构造圈闭内,整体表现为上油下干(水)。采用“权重法”,以小层为单元将兴安岭储层分为3类,处于中期旋回转换面附近一类储层发育,二、三类储层也呈连片状分布。
通过研究,形成了一套复杂断块油藏精细地层对比、非均质性研究及储层评价的研究思路和技术方法,对苏德尔特油田兴安岭油层改善开发效果,提高采收率有较好的指导意义,对同类油藏的开发具有重要的借鉴作用。
Considering the geological characteristics of fault complexity, variable stratigraphic thickness, bad continuity of reservoir, quick variability of physical property, strong heterogeneity and development circumstance of Xinganling Reservoir in Sudeerte oil-field, applying different exploration and development data, guided by the theory and technology of high resolution sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, reservoir geology and development geology, high resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation, sediment micro-facies, physical properties, heterogeneity under sequence frame, distribution of oil and reservoir assessment had been studied. All this provided references for adjusting development in the oil-field. The main results of this dissertation are listed as follows:
(1) Referred to the research of the previous stratigraphic correlation, Xinganling Reservoir can be divided into 3 long-term cycle and 13 middle-term cycle. In order to finely study reservoir, 26 subzone may be divided under confined middle-term cycle in main oil-bearing series.
(2) Near source, fast, underwater, strong hydropower and weak oxidation to weak deoxidation environment can be judged from core observation, sedimentary background and characteristics during the depositional stage of Xinganling Reservoir. Reservoir sand bodies are mainly underwater branch river channel, natural dike, crevasse splay, sand sheet and distal bar. The distributions of sand bodies are controlled by the location in the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary micro-facies, so the thickness of sand bodies is high near the transform of middle-term cycle. The sand bodies of Bei16 and bei14 block are more stable, thicker and more connective than Bei28’s. Porosity and permeability models were built and the reservoir is middle-low porosity, too low permeability based on the interpretation result. Porosity and permeability are becoming small with increasing depth, but during the depth of 1600-1800m there is a secondary porosity zone. Porosity and permeability are good in the secondary porosity zone.
(3) Heterogeneity of reservoir could be analyzed under sequence frame. Muddy interbeds are not stable in Sudeerte oil-field and heterogeneity in the sand body is middle or strong. For example, permeability variation coefficient in the sand body is mainly at 2.The sand bodies often moved, complicatedly superimposed and badly connected. Barrier beds is not stable and in some area there is not muddy interbeds. Heterogeneity between sand bodies is strong and permeability variation coefficient are all over 2. Base level cycles under sequence frame control the reservoir heterogeneity. Short-term cycle controls reservoir heterogeneity in sand bodies and there are 4 models, such as upward favorableness, upward disadvantage, upward favorableness again disadvantage and upward no large change model. Long and middle term cycles control intrabed and plan heterogeneity. Near transform surfaces sandbodies are in great distribution, high thickness and good physical properties, on the other hand, near flood surfaces sandbodies are isolated distribution, in low thickness and bad physical properties.
(4) Pore forms are mainly original and secondary and sometimes micro-fissure. Throats mainly are pore reduction and necking type and the diameters of throats are small. The clay content is over 10% in reservoir, so the velocity sensibility is strong.
(5)The structure controls the distribution of reservoirs, reservoirs are located in fault blocks in upthrows of big faults, oil in the upper part and water in the lower part generally. Applied assessment method of multi-parameter, Xinganling reservoirs were classified 3 types by subzones and the first type of subzones are mostly located near the base levels of middle-term cycles.
This study suggested a way of research and technological methods by fine stratigraphic correlation, heterogeneity and reservoir assessment on complicated fault block reservoir. This technology is very effective to improve the development and recovery for Xinganling reservoir and also very helpful for the similar reservoir development.
引文
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