太湖小溪港野生鲤鱼耳石与水体富营养化的响应研究
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摘要
水质环境恶化对人类的生存环境、食品安全及人体健康构成了极大威胁。太湖作为我国第三大淡水湖，由于开发利用程度升高、大量生活污水（氮、磷等污染物质）的排放等各种因素的影响，造成有机污染加剧，蓝藻频繁爆发。面对水资源与环境方面的严峻挑战，探索更为经济、快捷、有效的水质评价与动态监测的新途径迫在眉睫。
鲤鱼耳石具有忠实记录鲤鱼生活史信息的特殊功能，已成为许多研究者探索水质动态监测生物矿物学新方法的重要对象，为寻求鲤鱼耳石与鲤鱼生活水体富营养化元素及重金属元素丰度的耦合关系，笔者利用激光剥蚀等离子质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析方法，对2008年采集的太湖小溪港47尾野生鲤鱼中3-4龄的耳石富营养化元素和重金属元素的丰度进行了原位测试分析；并与2005-2008年太湖小溪港水域距水面1.50m深水体中富营养化元素和重金属元素的环境监测历史数据进行对比分析。
研究结果表明：太湖小溪港鲤鱼微耳石中的磷元素相对于水体中的磷元素存在强烈的富集效应，微耳石中磷的丰度比水体中磷的丰度高2至4个数量级，测定微耳石的磷含量比直接测定水体的磷含量更便捷。不同鲤鱼个体中微耳石对磷的吸收虽然存在很大差别，但其中的磷含量在相同时段内的变化趋势基本一致，因此研究微耳石个体中磷含量变化与水体磷含量变化的相关性是可行的。太湖小溪港鲤鱼微耳石中磷元素含量在2005年下半年到2008年初的变化趋势与水体中磷元素含量的变化趋势一致，均显示2005年较低，2006-2007年较高而2008年初较低。它揭示了2007年太湖蓝藻“水华”大面积爆发前两年水体中的磷逐渐积聚，为蓝藻生长提供营养；大爆发前或同时达到极大值，此时水体中的磷被大量蓝藻所吸收，导致大爆发后水体中的磷急聚下降。太湖小溪港鲤鱼星耳石中磷含量与水体中磷含量之间存在一定的相关性，利用鲤鱼星耳石中的磷含量分析结果，可以对鲤鱼生活期间的水体磷含量变化趋势进行初步判断，对未来蓝藻“水华”爆发进行预警预报。鲤鱼微耳石、星耳石磷含量变化趋势可能作为水体磷或有机污染变化趋势的潜在标志。不同重金属元素在耳石中的沉积有一定选择性，Cr、Ba、Fe、Mg等元素对环境的响应较灵敏，而Cu、Pb、Mn、Zn等元素在耳石的整个生长过程中其含量均没有发生大的变化，对环境的响应相对不灵敏。基于本研究，鲤鱼耳石可以作为其生活水域富营养化状况和重金属污染的环境指示标型，可以追溯鲤鱼所生活水域不同时段的富营养化状况和重金属污染情况，为湖泊水质中富营养化元素与重金属元素丰度的动态变化及长时段监测提供一个潜在的生命矿物学方法。
Water environmental degradation has become a great threat to human health including thehuman living environment and food safety. As China's third largest freshwater lake.With theincreasing utilization of The Taihu Lake and a large number of domestic sewage (nitrogen,phosphorusand other pollutants) emissions, the organic pollution and lake eutrophication are gettingworse and worse. On the lake eutrophication. It is necessary to explore more economical, efficientand effective approach for dynamic monitoring and evaluation of water quality.
As a sensitive recorder of the ambient water and fish exposures, fish otolith has been studied asa potential dynamic monitor of water quality by many biologists and mineralogists.In order to work out the correlation of phosphorus enrichment in carp otoliths to the ambient waterof47tail wild carps in the3-4age, the phosphorus concentration in carp otoliths was measured insitu using laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and comparison with the2005-2008relevant data from1.50m of the water was conducted in Xiaoxi Port of the Taihu.
Research results show，Strong enrichment of phosphorus in lappillae from water was found inXiaoxi port of the Taihu Lake, and the phosphorus content in lappillae was2to4orders ofmagnitude higher than that in the water. It is much more convenient to measure phosphorus contentin lappillae than in water. Although there is a big difference in phosphorus content from individuallappillae samples, the trend of phosphorus content in the same time period was broadly consistentfor all samples; therefore it is possible to set a correlation model for phosphorus content in lappillaeand in water. An almost same trend of phosphorus content was found in lappillae and in water fromlatter half of2005to late2007in the Taihu Lake, showing relatively lower phosphorus content in2005and higher phosphorus content during2006to early2007, but lower content in late2007again.The result reveals that phosphorus accumulated gradually for about two years before the largebloom of blue-green algae in2007to provide nutrition for the algae growth; the phosphorus contentreached maximum during the large bloom of blue-green algae and then decreased because thephosphorus was absorbed by the large amount of algae. Significant positive correlation was foundfor phosphorus concentration in carp otoliths to the ambient water in the corresponding time.phosphorus content inlapilli can be used for determining the varying tendency of phosphoruscontent in ambient water and to predict the blue-green algae pollution in the future. Phosphoruscontent in lappillae might be used as potential recorder for organic or phosphorus pollution of water.Different heavy metal elements in the otolith deposition is selective, Cr, Ba, Fe, Mg etc elements onthe response of the environment is sensitive, However Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn etc elements in the otolithwhole growing process the content are not there is a major change, To the environment the responseis sensitive. Based on the research, Carp otolith can be used as its life water eutrophication statusand heavy metal pollution environment beacon type. It can be traced back carp life at differenttimes of the water eutrophication status and heavy metal pollution situation, For lakes watereutrophication elements and heavy metal element abundance of dynamic change and long timemonitoring provides a potential life mineralogy method.
鲤鱼耳石具有忠实记录鲤鱼生活史信息的特殊功能，已成为许多研究者探索水质动态监测生物矿物学新方法的重要对象，为寻求鲤鱼耳石与鲤鱼生活水体富营养化元素及重金属元素丰度的耦合关系，笔者利用激光剥蚀等离子质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析方法，对2008年采集的太湖小溪港47尾野生鲤鱼中3-4龄的耳石富营养化元素和重金属元素的丰度进行了原位测试分析；并与2005-2008年太湖小溪港水域距水面1.50m深水体中富营养化元素和重金属元素的环境监测历史数据进行对比分析。
研究结果表明：太湖小溪港鲤鱼微耳石中的磷元素相对于水体中的磷元素存在强烈的富集效应，微耳石中磷的丰度比水体中磷的丰度高2至4个数量级，测定微耳石的磷含量比直接测定水体的磷含量更便捷。不同鲤鱼个体中微耳石对磷的吸收虽然存在很大差别，但其中的磷含量在相同时段内的变化趋势基本一致，因此研究微耳石个体中磷含量变化与水体磷含量变化的相关性是可行的。太湖小溪港鲤鱼微耳石中磷元素含量在2005年下半年到2008年初的变化趋势与水体中磷元素含量的变化趋势一致，均显示2005年较低，2006-2007年较高而2008年初较低。它揭示了2007年太湖蓝藻“水华”大面积爆发前两年水体中的磷逐渐积聚，为蓝藻生长提供营养；大爆发前或同时达到极大值，此时水体中的磷被大量蓝藻所吸收，导致大爆发后水体中的磷急聚下降。太湖小溪港鲤鱼星耳石中磷含量与水体中磷含量之间存在一定的相关性，利用鲤鱼星耳石中的磷含量分析结果，可以对鲤鱼生活期间的水体磷含量变化趋势进行初步判断，对未来蓝藻“水华”爆发进行预警预报。鲤鱼微耳石、星耳石磷含量变化趋势可能作为水体磷或有机污染变化趋势的潜在标志。不同重金属元素在耳石中的沉积有一定选择性，Cr、Ba、Fe、Mg等元素对环境的响应较灵敏，而Cu、Pb、Mn、Zn等元素在耳石的整个生长过程中其含量均没有发生大的变化，对环境的响应相对不灵敏。基于本研究，鲤鱼耳石可以作为其生活水域富营养化状况和重金属污染的环境指示标型，可以追溯鲤鱼所生活水域不同时段的富营养化状况和重金属污染情况，为湖泊水质中富营养化元素与重金属元素丰度的动态变化及长时段监测提供一个潜在的生命矿物学方法。
Water environmental degradation has become a great threat to human health including thehuman living environment and food safety. As China's third largest freshwater lake.With theincreasing utilization of The Taihu Lake and a large number of domestic sewage (nitrogen,phosphorusand other pollutants) emissions, the organic pollution and lake eutrophication are gettingworse and worse. On the lake eutrophication. It is necessary to explore more economical, efficientand effective approach for dynamic monitoring and evaluation of water quality.
As a sensitive recorder of the ambient water and fish exposures, fish otolith has been studied asa potential dynamic monitor of water quality by many biologists and mineralogists.In order to work out the correlation of phosphorus enrichment in carp otoliths to the ambient waterof47tail wild carps in the3-4age, the phosphorus concentration in carp otoliths was measured insitu using laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and comparison with the2005-2008relevant data from1.50m of the water was conducted in Xiaoxi Port of the Taihu.
Research results show，Strong enrichment of phosphorus in lappillae from water was found inXiaoxi port of the Taihu Lake, and the phosphorus content in lappillae was2to4orders ofmagnitude higher than that in the water. It is much more convenient to measure phosphorus contentin lappillae than in water. Although there is a big difference in phosphorus content from individuallappillae samples, the trend of phosphorus content in the same time period was broadly consistentfor all samples; therefore it is possible to set a correlation model for phosphorus content in lappillaeand in water. An almost same trend of phosphorus content was found in lappillae and in water fromlatter half of2005to late2007in the Taihu Lake, showing relatively lower phosphorus content in2005and higher phosphorus content during2006to early2007, but lower content in late2007again.The result reveals that phosphorus accumulated gradually for about two years before the largebloom of blue-green algae in2007to provide nutrition for the algae growth; the phosphorus contentreached maximum during the large bloom of blue-green algae and then decreased because thephosphorus was absorbed by the large amount of algae. Significant positive correlation was foundfor phosphorus concentration in carp otoliths to the ambient water in the corresponding time.phosphorus content inlapilli can be used for determining the varying tendency of phosphoruscontent in ambient water and to predict the blue-green algae pollution in the future. Phosphoruscontent in lappillae might be used as potential recorder for organic or phosphorus pollution of water.Different heavy metal elements in the otolith deposition is selective, Cr, Ba, Fe, Mg etc elements onthe response of the environment is sensitive, However Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn etc elements in the otolithwhole growing process the content are not there is a major change, To the environment the responseis sensitive. Based on the research, Carp otolith can be used as its life water eutrophication statusand heavy metal pollution environment beacon type. It can be traced back carp life at differenttimes of the water eutrophication status and heavy metal pollution situation, For lakes watereutrophication elements and heavy metal element abundance of dynamic change and long timemonitoring provides a potential life mineralogy method.
引文
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