基于Volterra级数的射频功率放大器非线性分析
摘要
随着无线技术的发展,通讯速率越来越快,无线通信系统对射频功率放大器的线性度要求也越来越高。设计高效率的线性功率放大器已经成为无线发射系统中的一项关键技术。
传统的通过功率回退提高功率放大器线性度的方法,大大牺牲了功率放大器的功率附加效率。而目前新型的线性化技术都需要通过额外的电路来改善功率放大器的线性,增加了系统的复杂性。本论文针对常用的AB类射频功率放大器,研究如何在不增加系统复杂性的前提下,提升功放的线性度。
Volterra级数法是一种有效的非线性分析方法。Volterra核函数具有鲜明的物理意义,可以进行频域分析,非常切合工程技术领域的实际。本文以Volterra级数为理论基础,根据功率放大器的特点,针对功放中的非线性元件,总结出一套完整的分析技术。利用该分析技术,获得放大器电路的系统行为模型。根据系统的行为模型,在不增加额外电路和系统复杂度的情况下,研究功率放大器的匹配电路、补偿网络和偏置电路对线性度的影响,提出改善线性度的设计方法,从而改善功率放大器自身的线性度。
实验结果验证了本文提出的设计方法的有效性：1、在共射结构放大器中,通过匹配电路的设计,优化谐波负载阻抗,使得放大器3阶互调IM3改善了6dB以上。2、在Cascode结构放大器中,通过补偿网络的设计,将放大器3阶互调截止点OIP3提高了3dB。3、通过研究偏置电路与放大器调幅-调幅(AM-AM)性能的关系,得到了最优偏置电路的解析式,从而简化了放大器的设计和调测过程,缩短了设计周期。
With the development of wireless communication, the communication speed becomes faster than before. Based on the high speed transmission scheme of the communication system, a strict requirement for the power amplifier is linearity. The wireless transmission system increasing pushes the demands for the linearity of RF power amplifier. To design a linear power amplifier with high efficiency has become a key technology.
Traditional power back-off method is able to improve the power amplifier's linearity, but it brings an obvious sacrifice on power added efficiency. The novel methods enhance the linearity, however, add complexity by additional circuits. Based on the widely used class AB amplifier, this thesis studies the technique to improve the linearity avoid adding system complexity.
Volterra series theory is an effective method to analyze nonlinear behavior. Volterra kernel functions have a definite physical meaning in both time-domain and frequency-domain. Therefore Volterra series method is a suitable option for engineering application. Based on the power amplifier's characteristics, this thesis sums up a completed set of analysis technique using Volterra Series theory. And this analysis technique is used to develop the system behavior model of the amplifier circuits. The matching circuits, compensation network and bias circuits are then studied by this mean.
Experimental results verified the effectiveness of this design method.
1. In the research of the common emitter amplifier, IM3(3rd order Intermodulation) is suppressed by more than6dB with the design in harmonic load impedance of output matching network.
2. In the research of the cascode amplifier, OIP3(Output3rd Order Intercept Point) is improved by3dB with the design of RLC compensation network.
3. In Class AB power amplifier design, the best bias circuit for the balance between efficiency and linearity can be calculated by using the Volterra technique. An analytic expression between the bias circuit and AM-AM is achieved in design stage, so the period of power amplifier's design and experiment can be shortened.
传统的通过功率回退提高功率放大器线性度的方法,大大牺牲了功率放大器的功率附加效率。而目前新型的线性化技术都需要通过额外的电路来改善功率放大器的线性,增加了系统的复杂性。本论文针对常用的AB类射频功率放大器,研究如何在不增加系统复杂性的前提下,提升功放的线性度。
Volterra级数法是一种有效的非线性分析方法。Volterra核函数具有鲜明的物理意义,可以进行频域分析,非常切合工程技术领域的实际。本文以Volterra级数为理论基础,根据功率放大器的特点,针对功放中的非线性元件,总结出一套完整的分析技术。利用该分析技术,获得放大器电路的系统行为模型。根据系统的行为模型,在不增加额外电路和系统复杂度的情况下,研究功率放大器的匹配电路、补偿网络和偏置电路对线性度的影响,提出改善线性度的设计方法,从而改善功率放大器自身的线性度。
实验结果验证了本文提出的设计方法的有效性：1、在共射结构放大器中,通过匹配电路的设计,优化谐波负载阻抗,使得放大器3阶互调IM3改善了6dB以上。2、在Cascode结构放大器中,通过补偿网络的设计,将放大器3阶互调截止点OIP3提高了3dB。3、通过研究偏置电路与放大器调幅-调幅(AM-AM)性能的关系,得到了最优偏置电路的解析式,从而简化了放大器的设计和调测过程,缩短了设计周期。
With the development of wireless communication, the communication speed becomes faster than before. Based on the high speed transmission scheme of the communication system, a strict requirement for the power amplifier is linearity. The wireless transmission system increasing pushes the demands for the linearity of RF power amplifier. To design a linear power amplifier with high efficiency has become a key technology.
Traditional power back-off method is able to improve the power amplifier's linearity, but it brings an obvious sacrifice on power added efficiency. The novel methods enhance the linearity, however, add complexity by additional circuits. Based on the widely used class AB amplifier, this thesis studies the technique to improve the linearity avoid adding system complexity.
Volterra series theory is an effective method to analyze nonlinear behavior. Volterra kernel functions have a definite physical meaning in both time-domain and frequency-domain. Therefore Volterra series method is a suitable option for engineering application. Based on the power amplifier's characteristics, this thesis sums up a completed set of analysis technique using Volterra Series theory. And this analysis technique is used to develop the system behavior model of the amplifier circuits. The matching circuits, compensation network and bias circuits are then studied by this mean.
Experimental results verified the effectiveness of this design method.
1. In the research of the common emitter amplifier, IM3(3rd order Intermodulation) is suppressed by more than6dB with the design in harmonic load impedance of output matching network.
2. In the research of the cascode amplifier, OIP3(Output3rd Order Intercept Point) is improved by3dB with the design of RLC compensation network.
3. In Class AB power amplifier design, the best bias circuit for the balance between efficiency and linearity can be calculated by using the Volterra technique. An analytic expression between the bias circuit and AM-AM is achieved in design stage, so the period of power amplifier's design and experiment can be shortened.
引文
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