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硒蛋白W对鸡免疫机能的影响
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摘要
硒是动物体生命活动中所必需的微量元素,对动物体正常生理功能的发挥起着重要作用。硒与人和动物的健康密切相关,硒缺乏能够引起人的地方病——克山病,及牲畜的白肌病等,硒对免疫系统功能的正常发挥也是至关重要的。硒在动物体内主要是以硒蛋白的形式存在,并且主要通过硒蛋白来发挥其在有机体内的生物学作用。硒蛋白W(Selenoprotein W,SelW)是一种小的硒蛋白,在硒添加动物的各种组织中均有发现,在哺乳动物的肌肉、脾脏和脑组织中水平最高。动物体内的硒水平和硒摄入量在一定程度调控硒蛋白的表达。目前关于SelW的研究主要集中在哺乳动物,鸡缺硒时免疫功能降低,免疫器官发生变性坏死,但SelW在禽类免疫功能中的作用还是未知的。本试验通过复制不同硒水平鸡模型及建立体外培养鸡淋巴细胞硒蛋白W敲低模型的基础上,应用实时荧光定量PCR法、TUNEL法等,检测了鸡免疫器官脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊和体外培养淋巴细胞中SelW、iNOS、COX-2、NF-κB、PTGE、BCl-2、Capase-3、Bax、P53、Bak-1、IL-1R、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12β、IL-17、INF-γ和TNF-α mRNA。结果表明:
     1.日粮中硒水平为0.032、0.15、0.601、1.058、1.514、2.427mg/kg Se,在55日龄时能够引起鸡胸腺、法氏囊中SelW基因表达增加,0.032mg/kg Se引起SelW基因表达降低;低硒时,免疫器官中SelW表达降低,呈时间效应;培养基中不同硒水平(10-8、10-7和10-6M Se)添加引起脾脏淋巴细胞中SelW基因表达的改变,证明硒可以调节免疫器官硒蛋白W的表达。
     2.应用RNAi方法,成功的将Stealth RNA(S-RNA)转染原代培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞中,SelW mRNA表达水平降低至对照组的45%左右,表明原代培养鸡脾淋巴细胞硒蛋白W敲低模型建立成功,为进一步研究硒蛋白W功能奠定了基础。
     3.鸡缺硒时,免疫器官中细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12β、IL-17、TNF-α mRNA表达水平呈升高趋势,IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、INF-γ mRNA表达水平降低,淋巴细胞硒蛋白W敲低后,IL-1R、IL-6、IL-12β、TNF-α的表达显著升高,IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、INF-γ的表达显著降低。证实硒蛋白W通过调节上述细胞因子的表达,进而对免疫机能产生影响。
     4.鸡缺硒时,免疫器官细胞凋亡增多,Bcl-2mRNA的表达水平显著降低,Bak-1、caspase-3、Bax mRNA的表达水平显著升高。淋巴细胞硒蛋白W敲低后,过氧化氢刺激的细胞凋亡增多,Bcl-2mRNA的表达水平显著减少,Bak-1、caspase-3、Bax、P53mRNA的表达水平显著增加。证明硒蛋白W可通过调节上述五个凋亡基因来抑制凋亡。并证明SelW具有抗氧化作用。
     5.体内试验和体外试验以及SelW干扰试验表明,鸡脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊和体外培养的脾脏淋巴细胞中SelW对炎症基因(iNOS、COX-2、NF-κB和PTGE)的表达具有调控作用,说明SelW通过调节炎症NF-κB通路来发挥其对免疫机能的作用。
     综上所述,SelW表达降低可调节细胞因子表达,通过Bcl-2、Bak-1、caspase-3、Bax和P53途径诱导细胞凋亡,以及增加炎症基因的表达,导致免疫功能的降低,表明SelW参与了硒对机体免疫机能的调控。
Selenium (Se) is recognized as an essential nutritional trace element for organisms. It plays avital part in normal physiology of a wide range of organisms, including birds. There have beenconsiderable evidences suggest that Se plays important roles in many aspects of health. Sedeficiency can to be correlated with the incidence of Keshan desease and Kaschin-Beck disease inhuman and white muscle disease of livertock. It was also found that Se is essential for the normalfunctioning of the immune system.Se is mainly present in several proteins, called selenoproteins.The biological functions of Se are mediated by selenoproteins. Selenoprotein W (SelW) is one kindof small selenoproteins SelW is present in various tissues examined in Se-supplemented animals.The levels are highest in muscle, spleen and brain in mammals.The expression of SelW isinfluenced by Se status and intake. But informations about the characteristics of avian SelW remainunkonwn, In this study, a reliable primary culture of chicken spleen lymphocyte was establishedwith the application of cell culture techniques. And then, chicken model having different level of Seand gene knockdown of SelW were obtained.The chicken immune organs (spleen, thymus, andbursa of Fabricius) and chicken spleen lymphocyte as a model for investigating the effects ofselenium or after gene knockdown of SelW on the expression levels of SelW, iNOS, COX-2,NF-κB, PTGE, BCl-2, Capase-3, Bax, P53, Bak-1, IL-1R, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12β,IL-17, INF-r and TNF-α mRNA in chicken immune organs and lymphocyte by using real timequantitative PCR (qPCR) and TUNEL technology.The results as follows:
     1. SelW mRNA expression of55d immune organs (spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius)was increased in different level of Se (0.032、0.15、0.601、1.058、1.514、2.427mg/kg). SelW mRNAexpression was decreased in0.032mg/kg Se level. Chicken spleen lymphocyte were cultured fordifferent Se level(10-8、10-7和10-6M Se)can effect SelW mRNA expression. Suggest that Se canregulate SelW mRNA expression in immune organs.
     2. In this study, a high transfection was observed in primary cultured chicken spleenlymphocyte24h after the Stealth RNA (S-RNA) transfection, Suggest that gene knockdown ofSelW for primary cultured chicken spleen lymphocyte model was obtained. Producing thefoundation for further research for SelW
     3. Lack of Se,the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12β, IL-17, TNF-α mRNA was increased. IL-2,IL-4, IL-10, INF-r mRNA expression was decreased. After gene knockdown of SelW, IL-1R、IL-6、IL-12β、TNF-αmRNA expression was increased. IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、INF-γmRNA expression wasdecreased. Suggest that SelW can regulate above cytokine mRNA expression,and then effectimmune function..
     4. Lack of Se, Apoptotic cell death was increased, the expression of Bcl-2mRNA level wasdown-regulated. Bak-1、caspase-3、Bax mRNA were up-regulated. After gene knockdown of SelW,the expression of Bcl-2mRNA level were down-regulated. Bak-1、caspase-3、Bax mRNA wereup-regulated. Suggest that SelW can regulate above cytokine mRNA expression,and then suppressimmune function.
     4. We found that the different level of Se, and chicken spleen lymphocyte were cultured fordifferent time in vitro, and after gene knockdown of SelW, resulted in a markedly increase insensitivity to H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death in AO/EB and TUNEL assays. then effect BCl-2,Capase-3, Bax, P53, Bak-1mRNA expression of immune organs (spleen, thymus, and bursa ofFabricius) and chicken spleen lymphocyte. Suggest that SelW is the ong of mechanisms ofeffection of immune function.
     5. The different level of Se, and chicken spleen lymphocyte were cultured for different time invitro, and after gene knockdown of SelW, effect iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, PTGE mRNA expressionof immune organs (spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius) and chicken spleen lymphocyte.Suggest that SelW effect immune function by the way of inflammatory pathway.
     In all, decreasing the expression of SelW mRNA, the mRNA expression of cytokine can beregulated a, and apoptosis was induced by the pathway of Bcl-2、Bak-1、caspase-3、Bax andP53,and increasing the expression of inflammation gene, induce decreasing of immune function.Suggest that SelW effect the regulation of immune function.
引文
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