纯电动汽车动力系统参数匹配及整车控制策略研究
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摘要
能源危机、环境污染以及温室效应等问题的日益严重，对汽车行业提出了更高的节能减排要求，除了进一步对传统汽车进行技术创新提高节能减排效果外，发展新能源汽车已成汽车行业变革的必然趋势。纯电动汽车由于具有较大的节能环保潜力并且更易于产业化，因而受到了世界范围内的广泛关注。各国政府及汽车企业均已将纯电动汽车产业化作为其近期的发展目标，这同时也对纯电动汽车技术水平以及整车性能的提高提出了更为急切的实际需求。
纯电动汽车整车技术及性能水平的提高需要整车厂及零部件供应企业的共同协作发挥各自的技术和产业优势。动力系统零部件供应企业应进一步提升动力系统部件的技术研发和制造工艺水平；整车企业则需依托现有的产品及技术平台，建立纯电动汽车关键技术研发体系，完成整车及动力总成部件的系统集成，开发并完善整车控制技术，最大限度发挥纯电动汽车的性能潜力，包括动力性、经济性以及成本特性，扩大市场及用户接受度，提高纯电动汽车产品的市场竞争力，推动纯电动汽车的产业化。本文依托国家863计划项目《一汽全新结构小型纯电动轿车设计与技术开发》
（No.2011AA11A219）、国际科技合作项目《全新结构小型纯电动轿车动力系统技术平台的合作研究》（No.2012DFA61010）以及吉林省科技厅项目《全新结构小型纯电动轿车整车控制系统关键技术研究》(No.20116002)，与一汽技术中心紧密合作，开展纯电动汽车动力系统技术平台、动力系统参数匹配及优化以及一汽下一代纯电动汽车整车控制技术的研究，主要研究内容入下：
1、以整车运动力学特性分析为基础，对纯电动汽车的整车性能需求及其主要影响因素进行了研究。
（1）从动力性、经济性以及成本特性三方面分析了纯电动汽车的性能需求以及相应的评价指标。着重提出将成本作为整车性能评价的关键指标之一，并提出将动力电池全生命周期续驶里程作为纯电动整车维护和使用成本的一项重要表征因素。
（2）通过能耗敏感度的分析，明确了整车降重对提高整车经济性水平的重要性；并根据不同行驶工况的特征差异，提出以多工况加权平均作为整车经济性评价的基础；分析了两档变速器型式应用于纯电动汽车的优势，确定将两档作为变速器匹配的基本原则。
通过对整车性能需求及影响因素的分析，为纯电动汽车性能优化提出了可行的方向和优化目标。
2、通过机理分析和试验研究相结合的方式系统性地研究了纯电动汽车两大动力总成—电机和电池的部件特性及规律。
（1）从车用永磁同步电机工作原理出发，研究了电机系统特征参数与系统特性以及整车性能之间的内在联系，包括动力电池电压对电机输出功率的影响，基速点变化对加速功率需求的影响，峰值转矩对电机系统质量的影响以及通过关键特征参数实现电机效率及分布区间的等效估算等。
（2）通过对目标动力电池样品的试验研究，确定了与整车性能密切相关的车载动力电池特性的主要影响因素，分别研究了动力电池的开路电压、容量特性、倍率放电特性、内阻特性、能量效率特性以及循环寿命特性等的特性规律。
通过对动力系统部件特性的研究，建立起纯电动整车与动力系统部件之间的桥梁纽带，有利于从整车角度对动力系统部件提出更为切实可行的技术需求，并为整车动力系统建模及性能优化提供更准确的数据支持和技术基础。
3、针对纯电动汽车动力系统参数匹配技术进行了研究，以提升整车性能潜力为目标，完成对目标纯电动车型动力系统参数的匹配设计和优化，并进行了对比仿真分析。
（1）将整备质量作为整车经济性和成本特性的关键表征因素，提出“整备质量最小”手动参数整定优化方案，以动力性指标为切入点，着重考虑单次续驶里程和全生命周期续驶里程的约束调节作用，通过手动参数循环整定的方式实现整车降重的匹配目标，该方案无需建立复杂的系统模型，通过较少的工作量即可实现对电机电池系统关键特征参数的匹配，基本满足整车经济性和成本特性的要求。
（2）手动参数循环整定方案并未充分考虑实际行驶工况下的动力系统综合效率对整车性能的影响，针对这一问题，提出动力系统参数“全局优化法”，以经济性指标和整备质量作为综合优化目标，以动力性为约束条件，建立优化软件和纯电动整车性能仿真软件相联合的参数优化机制，对动力系统部件参数进行综合寻优操作，实现动力系统参数的全局优化，尽可能发挥动力系统参数匹配对整车性能提升的潜力。
（3）在整车性能仿真软件平台上进行了优化前后车型参数的仿真对比，仿真结果表明，整备质量最小手动参数整定优化方案能够有效实现整车降重的基本要求，而全局优化方法则能够在此基础上进一步降低整车能耗水平，提升经济性潜力。
针对目标车型动力系统参数的优化满足了在保证动力性的前提下实现整车降重及经济性水平提高的整车设计目标和要求。
4、针对纯电动汽车的结构特点以及整车控制系统产品的开发目标，建立了包括动力模式、经济模式以及跛行模式的控制软件结构，并基于动力模式以及经济模式开发了基于基准转矩MAP加模糊转矩补偿的转矩控制方案。
（1）动力模式下以突出整车动力性为目标，通过提高基准转矩对加速踏板的负荷系数，加大转矩补偿力度，并加入急加速意图识别和灵敏性更高的转矩控制策略，能够有效提升整车的动力性表现。
（2）经济模式下则侧重整车经济性能表现，降低基准转矩MAP以减小相同加速踏板开度下的输出功率以及对电池的放电倍率需求，提高电池放电能量效率，延长续驶里程；另外，针对驾驶员的不同加速需求程度，在基准转矩MAP基础上予以适当的转矩补偿，在确保经济性的同时兼具了一定的驾驶性能考虑，提高驾驶感觉，能够增强经济模式的实用性。
（3）针对电机过温和电池欠压等未上升至故障级别的异常现象，开发了跛行模式转矩约束控制策略，在避免对动力系统部件造成不可逆损伤的前提下，使车辆具备跛行回家的功能，提高纯电动整车对异常现象的应对处理能力。
通过对整车控制策略的研究及开发，丰富了纯电动整车的控制功能，注重控制效果的提升，实现了控制系统开发目标要求。
5、以dSPACE为快速控制原型，进行了目标车型控制策略的代码转化和参数调试，并在转毂试验台上完成了实车转矩控制和性能测试试验。着重验证了各控制模式下的控制功能实现及实际控制效果，试验结果表明各控制功能得以切实体现，符合预期的设计意图，整车性能测试结果满足整车的设计指标要求，验证了所开发控制策略的有效性。
The increasing severity of energy crisis, environmental pollution and greenhouse effecthas put forward higher requirements for energy-saving and emission reduction to theautomobile industry. In addition to further technological innovation to improve theenergy-saving effect of traditional automotive, the development of new energy vehicles hasbecome an inevitable trend of automobile industry reform. Pure Electric Vehicle (PEV) hasbeen widespread concern in the whole world because of its great potential for energy-savingand environmental protection, and easier industrialization. Governments and autocompanies have taken the industrialization of PEV as the recent development goal, whichsimultaneously puts forward more urgent and actual requirements to improve thetechnology level as well as the vehicle performance of PEV.
The improvement of technology and performance of pure electric vehicle requires thecollaboration of OEMs and component suppliers, and they should fully play their respectivetechnical and industrial advantages. The component suppliers should further enhance theircomponents· level of technology R&D, production and manufacturing. And the OEMsshould establish a key technology R&D system of PEV relying on the existing product andtechnology platform, complete the integration of vehicle and powertrain components,develop and perfect vehicle control technology to play the full role of vehicle performanceincluding power performance, economy performance, and cost behavior, so to expand themarket and user acceptance of PEV and promote the industrialization.
Relying on the requirements of the863Program The Design and Technical Development of FAW New Structure Small Pure Electric Vehicleμ (No.2011AA11A219),the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project Collaborative Research onPowertrain Technology Platform of New Structure Small Pure Electric Vehicleμ (No.2012DFA61010), and the Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province Research onKey Technology of Vehicle Control System for New Structure Small Electric Vehicleμ (No.20116002), and relying on the close cooperation with China FAW Group Corporation R&DCenter, this paper carries out the research on powertrain technology platform, powertrainparameters design and optimization, and FAW next generation PEV control technology. Themain contents of this paper are as follows.
1. The vehicle performance requirements and their main influencing factors areresearched based on the analysis of the movement mechanical characteristics.
(1). Analyze the vehicle performance requirements and the corresponding evaluationindexes from the three aspects of power, economy and cost characteristics. The cost ishighlighted as one of the key indicators of performance evaluation, and the driving rangewithin battery life cycle is taken as an important indicator of maintenance and operationcost of PEV.
(2). The importance of reducing automotive weight to improve vehicle economy levelsis cleared by the energy consumption sensitivity analysis. And the weighted average ofmultiple driving cycles is taken as the basis of economy evaluation. Then analyze theadvantages of using two speed transmission in PEV, and take two speed as the basicprinciple of transmission selection.
Put forward the feasible direction and target for the vehicle performance optimization bythe analysis of the performance requirements and the corresponding influencing factors.
2. Systematically research the characteristics and laws of the two major powertraincomponents (electric motors and power batteries) used in PEV by combining mechanismanalysis and experimental research.
(1). Based on the working principle of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor used invehicle, research the internal relations between the feature parameters and componentcharacteristics of motor system and the vehicle performance, including the impact of batteryvoltage to the motor output power, the impact of motor base speed to the accelerating powerdemand of vehicle, the impact of peak torque to the quality of the motor system, and theequivalent estimation of motor efficiency and distribution range using key feasureparameters, and etc.
(2). By the experimental research to the samples of the target battery, clear the maininfluencing factors of power battery characteristics which are closely related to the vehicleperformance, and research the characteristic laws of the open circuit voltage, the capacitycharacteristics, the rate discharge characteristics, the internal resistance characteristics, theenergy efficiency characteristics and the cycle life characteristics.
Through the characteristics research of the powertrain components, establish the tie andbridge between PEV and powertrain components, conductive to put forward more practicaltechnology demands to the powertrain components from the point of vehicle, and providemore accurate data support and technology foundations for powertrain system modeling andperformance optimization.
3. Research the powertrain parameters design technology of PEV, take the improvementof vehicle performance potential as the design target, complete the powertrain parametersdesign and optimization for the target vehicle, and carry out the simulation analysis.
(1). Take the vehicle curb weight as the key representational factor of economy and costcharacteristics and put forward the minimum of vehicle curb weightμ manual parameterstuning program which takes the power performance indexes as the entry point and takes thesingle driving range and full life-cycle driving range as the restriction and adjustmentfactors, and realizes weight reduction target by manual tuning of powertrain parameters.This program doesn·t have to create complex system models and only needs less workload to realize the key feature parameters design to meet the requirement of economyperformance and cost characteristics of PEV.
(2). Because of the influences of the overall efficiency of powertrain systems in the realdriving cycle on vehicle performance are not fully considered in the manual parameterstuning program, a global optimization method· for powertrain parameters is proposed,which takes the economic indicators and vehicle curb weight as the comprehensiveoptimization goals, and power performance as constraint, to realize the global optimizationof the powertrain parameters by establishing the optimization mechanism that combinedoptimization software and electric vehicle performance simulation software, maximizes thepotential to enhance the vehicle performance from powertrain parameters design.
(3). Simulation comparison was carried out in the vehicle performance simulationplatform with the vehicle parameters before and after optimization, the results showed thatthe curb weight minimum manual parameter tuning optimization scheme could effectivelyachieve the basic requirements of the vehicle weight reduction, and on this basis the globaloptimization method could further reduce vehicle energy consumption level, and enhancethe economy potential.
The optimization to the powertrain parameters of target vehicle can realize the expecteddesign goals and requirements that reduce the vehicle curb weight and improve theeconomy performance on the premise of ensuring the power performance.
4. According to the structural characteristics of PEV and the development goal of thevehicle control system products, determine the vehicle control system software frameworkconsists of Power Mode, Economic Mode and Limp-home Mode, and develop a torquecontrol scheme of Ref-Torque MAP plus Fuzzy Torque Compensation based on the PowerMode and Eco Mode.
(1). In Power Mode, take highlighting the vehicle power performance as the goal. Byincreasing the accelerator pedal load coefficient in the Ref-Torque MAP, increasing the torque compensation, and introducing hard acceleration intension recognition and torquecontrol strategy with higher sensitivity to effectively improve the vehicle's powerperformance.
(2). In the Eco Mode, appropriately reduce the amplitude of Ref-Torque MAP in orderto reduce the demand on the output power and discharge rate of the power battery whenunder the same accelerate pedal position, to improve the energy efficiency, and to extend thedriving range. At the same time, for the different accelerate demand of the driver, provideappropriate compensation torque to the Ref-Torque MAP, to consider the basic drivability,and enhance the driving experience and the practicality of the Eco Mode.
(3). Develop the torque constraint control strategy in allusion to the abnormalphenomena which have not evolved to the stoppage fault such as motor over-temperatureand power battery under-voltage, to make the PEV have limp home function on the premiseof avoiding irreversible damage to the powertrain components, and improve the PEV·scapacity of processing the abnormal phenomena.
Develop the vehicle control strategy to rich the control functions, enhance the controleffect, and meet the objectives and requirements of vehicle control system.
5. Taking dSPACE as the rapid control prototype, code transformation and parameterstesting were carried out to the target vehicle·s control strategy, and then the real vehicletorque control and performance testing experiments were completed on the roler bench,focusing on verification of control functions·realization and actual control effect under eachcontrol mode. The test results demonstrated the realization of each control function, andshowed the effectiveness of the control strategy developed.
纯电动汽车整车技术及性能水平的提高需要整车厂及零部件供应企业的共同协作发挥各自的技术和产业优势。动力系统零部件供应企业应进一步提升动力系统部件的技术研发和制造工艺水平；整车企业则需依托现有的产品及技术平台，建立纯电动汽车关键技术研发体系，完成整车及动力总成部件的系统集成，开发并完善整车控制技术，最大限度发挥纯电动汽车的性能潜力，包括动力性、经济性以及成本特性，扩大市场及用户接受度，提高纯电动汽车产品的市场竞争力，推动纯电动汽车的产业化。本文依托国家863计划项目《一汽全新结构小型纯电动轿车设计与技术开发》
（No.2011AA11A219）、国际科技合作项目《全新结构小型纯电动轿车动力系统技术平台的合作研究》（No.2012DFA61010）以及吉林省科技厅项目《全新结构小型纯电动轿车整车控制系统关键技术研究》(No.20116002)，与一汽技术中心紧密合作，开展纯电动汽车动力系统技术平台、动力系统参数匹配及优化以及一汽下一代纯电动汽车整车控制技术的研究，主要研究内容入下：
1、以整车运动力学特性分析为基础，对纯电动汽车的整车性能需求及其主要影响因素进行了研究。
（1）从动力性、经济性以及成本特性三方面分析了纯电动汽车的性能需求以及相应的评价指标。着重提出将成本作为整车性能评价的关键指标之一，并提出将动力电池全生命周期续驶里程作为纯电动整车维护和使用成本的一项重要表征因素。
（2）通过能耗敏感度的分析，明确了整车降重对提高整车经济性水平的重要性；并根据不同行驶工况的特征差异，提出以多工况加权平均作为整车经济性评价的基础；分析了两档变速器型式应用于纯电动汽车的优势，确定将两档作为变速器匹配的基本原则。
通过对整车性能需求及影响因素的分析，为纯电动汽车性能优化提出了可行的方向和优化目标。
2、通过机理分析和试验研究相结合的方式系统性地研究了纯电动汽车两大动力总成—电机和电池的部件特性及规律。
（1）从车用永磁同步电机工作原理出发，研究了电机系统特征参数与系统特性以及整车性能之间的内在联系，包括动力电池电压对电机输出功率的影响，基速点变化对加速功率需求的影响，峰值转矩对电机系统质量的影响以及通过关键特征参数实现电机效率及分布区间的等效估算等。
（2）通过对目标动力电池样品的试验研究，确定了与整车性能密切相关的车载动力电池特性的主要影响因素，分别研究了动力电池的开路电压、容量特性、倍率放电特性、内阻特性、能量效率特性以及循环寿命特性等的特性规律。
通过对动力系统部件特性的研究，建立起纯电动整车与动力系统部件之间的桥梁纽带，有利于从整车角度对动力系统部件提出更为切实可行的技术需求，并为整车动力系统建模及性能优化提供更准确的数据支持和技术基础。
3、针对纯电动汽车动力系统参数匹配技术进行了研究，以提升整车性能潜力为目标，完成对目标纯电动车型动力系统参数的匹配设计和优化，并进行了对比仿真分析。
（1）将整备质量作为整车经济性和成本特性的关键表征因素，提出“整备质量最小”手动参数整定优化方案，以动力性指标为切入点，着重考虑单次续驶里程和全生命周期续驶里程的约束调节作用，通过手动参数循环整定的方式实现整车降重的匹配目标，该方案无需建立复杂的系统模型，通过较少的工作量即可实现对电机电池系统关键特征参数的匹配，基本满足整车经济性和成本特性的要求。
（2）手动参数循环整定方案并未充分考虑实际行驶工况下的动力系统综合效率对整车性能的影响，针对这一问题，提出动力系统参数“全局优化法”，以经济性指标和整备质量作为综合优化目标，以动力性为约束条件，建立优化软件和纯电动整车性能仿真软件相联合的参数优化机制，对动力系统部件参数进行综合寻优操作，实现动力系统参数的全局优化，尽可能发挥动力系统参数匹配对整车性能提升的潜力。
（3）在整车性能仿真软件平台上进行了优化前后车型参数的仿真对比，仿真结果表明，整备质量最小手动参数整定优化方案能够有效实现整车降重的基本要求，而全局优化方法则能够在此基础上进一步降低整车能耗水平，提升经济性潜力。
针对目标车型动力系统参数的优化满足了在保证动力性的前提下实现整车降重及经济性水平提高的整车设计目标和要求。
4、针对纯电动汽车的结构特点以及整车控制系统产品的开发目标，建立了包括动力模式、经济模式以及跛行模式的控制软件结构，并基于动力模式以及经济模式开发了基于基准转矩MAP加模糊转矩补偿的转矩控制方案。
（1）动力模式下以突出整车动力性为目标，通过提高基准转矩对加速踏板的负荷系数，加大转矩补偿力度，并加入急加速意图识别和灵敏性更高的转矩控制策略，能够有效提升整车的动力性表现。
（2）经济模式下则侧重整车经济性能表现，降低基准转矩MAP以减小相同加速踏板开度下的输出功率以及对电池的放电倍率需求，提高电池放电能量效率，延长续驶里程；另外，针对驾驶员的不同加速需求程度，在基准转矩MAP基础上予以适当的转矩补偿，在确保经济性的同时兼具了一定的驾驶性能考虑，提高驾驶感觉，能够增强经济模式的实用性。
（3）针对电机过温和电池欠压等未上升至故障级别的异常现象，开发了跛行模式转矩约束控制策略，在避免对动力系统部件造成不可逆损伤的前提下，使车辆具备跛行回家的功能，提高纯电动整车对异常现象的应对处理能力。
通过对整车控制策略的研究及开发，丰富了纯电动整车的控制功能，注重控制效果的提升，实现了控制系统开发目标要求。
5、以dSPACE为快速控制原型，进行了目标车型控制策略的代码转化和参数调试，并在转毂试验台上完成了实车转矩控制和性能测试试验。着重验证了各控制模式下的控制功能实现及实际控制效果，试验结果表明各控制功能得以切实体现，符合预期的设计意图，整车性能测试结果满足整车的设计指标要求，验证了所开发控制策略的有效性。
The increasing severity of energy crisis, environmental pollution and greenhouse effecthas put forward higher requirements for energy-saving and emission reduction to theautomobile industry. In addition to further technological innovation to improve theenergy-saving effect of traditional automotive, the development of new energy vehicles hasbecome an inevitable trend of automobile industry reform. Pure Electric Vehicle (PEV) hasbeen widespread concern in the whole world because of its great potential for energy-savingand environmental protection, and easier industrialization. Governments and autocompanies have taken the industrialization of PEV as the recent development goal, whichsimultaneously puts forward more urgent and actual requirements to improve thetechnology level as well as the vehicle performance of PEV.
The improvement of technology and performance of pure electric vehicle requires thecollaboration of OEMs and component suppliers, and they should fully play their respectivetechnical and industrial advantages. The component suppliers should further enhance theircomponents· level of technology R&D, production and manufacturing. And the OEMsshould establish a key technology R&D system of PEV relying on the existing product andtechnology platform, complete the integration of vehicle and powertrain components,develop and perfect vehicle control technology to play the full role of vehicle performanceincluding power performance, economy performance, and cost behavior, so to expand themarket and user acceptance of PEV and promote the industrialization.
Relying on the requirements of the863Program The Design and Technical Development of FAW New Structure Small Pure Electric Vehicleμ (No.2011AA11A219),the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project Collaborative Research onPowertrain Technology Platform of New Structure Small Pure Electric Vehicleμ (No.2012DFA61010), and the Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province Research onKey Technology of Vehicle Control System for New Structure Small Electric Vehicleμ (No.20116002), and relying on the close cooperation with China FAW Group Corporation R&DCenter, this paper carries out the research on powertrain technology platform, powertrainparameters design and optimization, and FAW next generation PEV control technology. Themain contents of this paper are as follows.
1. The vehicle performance requirements and their main influencing factors areresearched based on the analysis of the movement mechanical characteristics.
(1). Analyze the vehicle performance requirements and the corresponding evaluationindexes from the three aspects of power, economy and cost characteristics. The cost ishighlighted as one of the key indicators of performance evaluation, and the driving rangewithin battery life cycle is taken as an important indicator of maintenance and operationcost of PEV.
(2). The importance of reducing automotive weight to improve vehicle economy levelsis cleared by the energy consumption sensitivity analysis. And the weighted average ofmultiple driving cycles is taken as the basis of economy evaluation. Then analyze theadvantages of using two speed transmission in PEV, and take two speed as the basicprinciple of transmission selection.
Put forward the feasible direction and target for the vehicle performance optimization bythe analysis of the performance requirements and the corresponding influencing factors.
2. Systematically research the characteristics and laws of the two major powertraincomponents (electric motors and power batteries) used in PEV by combining mechanismanalysis and experimental research.
(1). Based on the working principle of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor used invehicle, research the internal relations between the feature parameters and componentcharacteristics of motor system and the vehicle performance, including the impact of batteryvoltage to the motor output power, the impact of motor base speed to the accelerating powerdemand of vehicle, the impact of peak torque to the quality of the motor system, and theequivalent estimation of motor efficiency and distribution range using key feasureparameters, and etc.
(2). By the experimental research to the samples of the target battery, clear the maininfluencing factors of power battery characteristics which are closely related to the vehicleperformance, and research the characteristic laws of the open circuit voltage, the capacitycharacteristics, the rate discharge characteristics, the internal resistance characteristics, theenergy efficiency characteristics and the cycle life characteristics.
Through the characteristics research of the powertrain components, establish the tie andbridge between PEV and powertrain components, conductive to put forward more practicaltechnology demands to the powertrain components from the point of vehicle, and providemore accurate data support and technology foundations for powertrain system modeling andperformance optimization.
3. Research the powertrain parameters design technology of PEV, take the improvementof vehicle performance potential as the design target, complete the powertrain parametersdesign and optimization for the target vehicle, and carry out the simulation analysis.
(1). Take the vehicle curb weight as the key representational factor of economy and costcharacteristics and put forward the minimum of vehicle curb weightμ manual parameterstuning program which takes the power performance indexes as the entry point and takes thesingle driving range and full life-cycle driving range as the restriction and adjustmentfactors, and realizes weight reduction target by manual tuning of powertrain parameters.This program doesn·t have to create complex system models and only needs less workload to realize the key feature parameters design to meet the requirement of economyperformance and cost characteristics of PEV.
(2). Because of the influences of the overall efficiency of powertrain systems in the realdriving cycle on vehicle performance are not fully considered in the manual parameterstuning program, a global optimization method· for powertrain parameters is proposed,which takes the economic indicators and vehicle curb weight as the comprehensiveoptimization goals, and power performance as constraint, to realize the global optimizationof the powertrain parameters by establishing the optimization mechanism that combinedoptimization software and electric vehicle performance simulation software, maximizes thepotential to enhance the vehicle performance from powertrain parameters design.
(3). Simulation comparison was carried out in the vehicle performance simulationplatform with the vehicle parameters before and after optimization, the results showed thatthe curb weight minimum manual parameter tuning optimization scheme could effectivelyachieve the basic requirements of the vehicle weight reduction, and on this basis the globaloptimization method could further reduce vehicle energy consumption level, and enhancethe economy potential.
The optimization to the powertrain parameters of target vehicle can realize the expecteddesign goals and requirements that reduce the vehicle curb weight and improve theeconomy performance on the premise of ensuring the power performance.
4. According to the structural characteristics of PEV and the development goal of thevehicle control system products, determine the vehicle control system software frameworkconsists of Power Mode, Economic Mode and Limp-home Mode, and develop a torquecontrol scheme of Ref-Torque MAP plus Fuzzy Torque Compensation based on the PowerMode and Eco Mode.
(1). In Power Mode, take highlighting the vehicle power performance as the goal. Byincreasing the accelerator pedal load coefficient in the Ref-Torque MAP, increasing the torque compensation, and introducing hard acceleration intension recognition and torquecontrol strategy with higher sensitivity to effectively improve the vehicle's powerperformance.
(2). In the Eco Mode, appropriately reduce the amplitude of Ref-Torque MAP in orderto reduce the demand on the output power and discharge rate of the power battery whenunder the same accelerate pedal position, to improve the energy efficiency, and to extend thedriving range. At the same time, for the different accelerate demand of the driver, provideappropriate compensation torque to the Ref-Torque MAP, to consider the basic drivability,and enhance the driving experience and the practicality of the Eco Mode.
(3). Develop the torque constraint control strategy in allusion to the abnormalphenomena which have not evolved to the stoppage fault such as motor over-temperatureand power battery under-voltage, to make the PEV have limp home function on the premiseof avoiding irreversible damage to the powertrain components, and improve the PEV·scapacity of processing the abnormal phenomena.
Develop the vehicle control strategy to rich the control functions, enhance the controleffect, and meet the objectives and requirements of vehicle control system.
5. Taking dSPACE as the rapid control prototype, code transformation and parameterstesting were carried out to the target vehicle·s control strategy, and then the real vehicletorque control and performance testing experiments were completed on the roler bench,focusing on verification of control functions·realization and actual control effect under eachcontrol mode. The test results demonstrated the realization of each control function, andshowed the effectiveness of the control strategy developed.
引文
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