GIS知识工程关键理论与方法研究
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摘要
地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，GIS）经过五十多年的发展，已经在基础理论与技术研究、通用平台与专题系统研发、地理信息服务提供等领域取得丰硕成果。目前，GIS已经成为影响社会经济发展和人们日常生活的基础性应用，GIS的发展已经步入面向公众服务的阶段。GIS应用大众化和功能智能化的发展趋势需要GIS知识提供支撑，这不仅体现在GIS已经取得的理论与方法知识的共享方面，还体现在GIS地理空间分析、模拟与优化等功能的智能化方面。GIS知识工程的概念正是在此背景下提出的，并已经成为GIS领域一个新的研究方向。当前GIS知识工程研究的主要任务是学习借鉴知识工程学科的理论和方法为设计、构造和维护智能GIS提供知识服务。本文关于GIS知识工程的关键理论与方法研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文是围绕理论技术与工程系统两条主线展开相关研究的。在理论技术主线上，本文的研究内容包括三个方面，首先引入并系统论述了GIS知识工程研究的三大支撑理论；在此基础上，进而明确定义了四种类型GIS知识的概念与构成，初步提出了GIS知识体系；最后对GIS知识表示、获取和存储管理的相关技术进行了系统研究。在工程系统主线上，本文对以下内容展开了实践，首先系统总结了GIS知识工程的研究现状，明确了现阶段GIS知识工程研究的目标与任务；其次对关键GIS知识工程技术加以实现，并构建起GIS知识库原型；最后构建了基于GIS知识的应用系统（自然语言空间查询系统），并通过该系统对本文相关研究内容的科学性和有效性进行验证。
本文提出了当前GIS知识工程研究所面临的三个基本问题，以及解决这些问题所需要的空间认知论、知识论和符号主义等三大支撑理论，确保了GIS知识工程研究的科学性；同时，从GIS功能与知识类型相结合的角度，构建起GIS知识体系框架，这为本文相关研究打下概念基础的同时，也为GIS知识工程长期动态研究提供了一个蓝本；针对GIS领域知识特点，本文围绕知识类型这一主线，对不同类型GIS知识采用相应的知识工程方法展开研究，在保证研究条理性的同时，提高了研究的针对性和有效性。
本文关于GIS知识工程关键理论与方法研究所取得的初步成果，在促进GIS知识共享的同时，也为GIS功能的部分智能化奠定了基础。
In the last50years, there have being remarkable achievements in many fields ofGeographic Information System (GIS), such as research on fundamental theory andtechnology, development of common platform and thematic systems, supply ofgeographical information services, and so on. GIS has been a fundamental implementwhich be directly related to socio-economic development and people’s daily life. Itindicates that the development of GIS has entered the stage of public-orientedservicing. The growing demands of GIS knowledge is more and more obvious indevelopment trends of GIS include that the applications of GIS are increasinglypopular and the functions of GIS are increasingly intelligent. Not only all walks of lifeneed to share theoretical and methodological knowledge have been had in GIS，butalso intellectualization of GIS functions such as spatial analysis, geographicalsimulation and optimization need GIS knowledge. Under the background, GISknowledge engineering is introduced and becomes a new research direction in GIS.The important research task in GIS knowledge engineering at present is to learntheories and methods of knowledge engineering (KE). There are great theoreticalsignificance and application value in researches on key theories and methods of GISknowledge engineering in the paper.
In the paper, researches on key theories and methods of GIS knowledgeengineering are closely carried out by two main ways: researching on theory andtechnology and researching on engineering and systems. In researches on theory andtechnology, there are three subjects as follows: Introducing and systematicallyillustrating three theories supporting researches on GIS knowledge engineering;Defining clearly concepts and structures of four types GIS knowledge and buildingthe hierarchy of GIS knowledge; Researching systematically technologies ofacquisition, representation, storage, and management of GIS knowledge. In researcheson engineering and systems, there are three practices as follows: Summarizingsystematically the situation of researches on GIS knowledge engineering and definingthe aim of researching GIS knowledge engineering at the present stage; Realizing key technologies of GIS knowledge engineering and constructing a prototype of GISknowledge base; Developing natural language spatial query system (NLSQS) which isan implication system based on GIS knowledge and verifying the scientificness andavailability of key theories and methods of GIS knowledge engineering usingNLSQS.
There are there innovative works of researching on key theories andmethods of GIS knowledge engineering in the paper as follows: Raising three baseproblems in researching process of GIS knowledge engineering which are “howpeople cognize geographic space”, how knowledge is generated and how intelligentbehavior is produced by knowledge” and “whether computer can representknowledge and cognitive behaviors of people, and if computer can do, how it do”. Inorder to settle those problems, three important theories are introduced which arespatial recognition, epistemology and symbolism. The scientificness of researching onGIS knowledge engineering can be ensured by researching those problems andtheories. Building the framework of GIS knowledge hierarchy from a combinativeperspective which combined by functions of GIS and types of knowledge. Theframework is not only laying the conceptual foundations for researching theories andmethods of GIS knowledge engineering, but also providing ablueprint for long-term dynamics research on GIS knowledge engineering.In allusion to special characteristics of GIS knowledge, researching knowledgeengineering methods on various types of GIS knowledge. The research way not onlyensure the clarity of research on GIS knowledge engineering, but also enhance thepertinence and availability of methods of GIS knowledge engineering.
There are several outcomes of key theories and methods of GIS knowledgeengineering in the paper using which not only GIS knowledge can be shared, but alsointellectualization of some GIS functions can be realized.
本文是围绕理论技术与工程系统两条主线展开相关研究的。在理论技术主线上，本文的研究内容包括三个方面，首先引入并系统论述了GIS知识工程研究的三大支撑理论；在此基础上，进而明确定义了四种类型GIS知识的概念与构成，初步提出了GIS知识体系；最后对GIS知识表示、获取和存储管理的相关技术进行了系统研究。在工程系统主线上，本文对以下内容展开了实践，首先系统总结了GIS知识工程的研究现状，明确了现阶段GIS知识工程研究的目标与任务；其次对关键GIS知识工程技术加以实现，并构建起GIS知识库原型；最后构建了基于GIS知识的应用系统（自然语言空间查询系统），并通过该系统对本文相关研究内容的科学性和有效性进行验证。
本文提出了当前GIS知识工程研究所面临的三个基本问题，以及解决这些问题所需要的空间认知论、知识论和符号主义等三大支撑理论，确保了GIS知识工程研究的科学性；同时，从GIS功能与知识类型相结合的角度，构建起GIS知识体系框架，这为本文相关研究打下概念基础的同时，也为GIS知识工程长期动态研究提供了一个蓝本；针对GIS领域知识特点，本文围绕知识类型这一主线，对不同类型GIS知识采用相应的知识工程方法展开研究，在保证研究条理性的同时，提高了研究的针对性和有效性。
本文关于GIS知识工程关键理论与方法研究所取得的初步成果，在促进GIS知识共享的同时，也为GIS功能的部分智能化奠定了基础。
In the last50years, there have being remarkable achievements in many fields ofGeographic Information System (GIS), such as research on fundamental theory andtechnology, development of common platform and thematic systems, supply ofgeographical information services, and so on. GIS has been a fundamental implementwhich be directly related to socio-economic development and people’s daily life. Itindicates that the development of GIS has entered the stage of public-orientedservicing. The growing demands of GIS knowledge is more and more obvious indevelopment trends of GIS include that the applications of GIS are increasinglypopular and the functions of GIS are increasingly intelligent. Not only all walks of lifeneed to share theoretical and methodological knowledge have been had in GIS，butalso intellectualization of GIS functions such as spatial analysis, geographicalsimulation and optimization need GIS knowledge. Under the background, GISknowledge engineering is introduced and becomes a new research direction in GIS.The important research task in GIS knowledge engineering at present is to learntheories and methods of knowledge engineering (KE). There are great theoreticalsignificance and application value in researches on key theories and methods of GISknowledge engineering in the paper.
In the paper, researches on key theories and methods of GIS knowledgeengineering are closely carried out by two main ways: researching on theory andtechnology and researching on engineering and systems. In researches on theory andtechnology, there are three subjects as follows: Introducing and systematicallyillustrating three theories supporting researches on GIS knowledge engineering;Defining clearly concepts and structures of four types GIS knowledge and buildingthe hierarchy of GIS knowledge; Researching systematically technologies ofacquisition, representation, storage, and management of GIS knowledge. In researcheson engineering and systems, there are three practices as follows: Summarizingsystematically the situation of researches on GIS knowledge engineering and definingthe aim of researching GIS knowledge engineering at the present stage; Realizing key technologies of GIS knowledge engineering and constructing a prototype of GISknowledge base; Developing natural language spatial query system (NLSQS) which isan implication system based on GIS knowledge and verifying the scientificness andavailability of key theories and methods of GIS knowledge engineering usingNLSQS.
There are there innovative works of researching on key theories andmethods of GIS knowledge engineering in the paper as follows: Raising three baseproblems in researching process of GIS knowledge engineering which are “howpeople cognize geographic space”, how knowledge is generated and how intelligentbehavior is produced by knowledge” and “whether computer can representknowledge and cognitive behaviors of people, and if computer can do, how it do”. Inorder to settle those problems, three important theories are introduced which arespatial recognition, epistemology and symbolism. The scientificness of researching onGIS knowledge engineering can be ensured by researching those problems andtheories. Building the framework of GIS knowledge hierarchy from a combinativeperspective which combined by functions of GIS and types of knowledge. Theframework is not only laying the conceptual foundations for researching theories andmethods of GIS knowledge engineering, but also providing ablueprint for long-term dynamics research on GIS knowledge engineering.In allusion to special characteristics of GIS knowledge, researching knowledgeengineering methods on various types of GIS knowledge. The research way not onlyensure the clarity of research on GIS knowledge engineering, but also enhance thepertinence and availability of methods of GIS knowledge engineering.
There are several outcomes of key theories and methods of GIS knowledgeengineering in the paper using which not only GIS knowledge can be shared, but alsointellectualization of some GIS functions can be realized.
引文
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