基于流量监控的网络性能优化关键技术研究
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摘要
如何控制网络拥塞、优化网络性能,提高网络服务质量是急待解决的问题。本文研究流量监控及网络性能优化中几个主要问题,包括：网络流量监测点优化部署、基于多速率VBR业务流量的性能分析、基于呼叫接纳控制的流量控制、基于分支路由器协调的流量控制和异常流量检测控制等问题,以期改善网络性能。论文主要研究内容包含以下几方面：
1.网络流量监测模型优化问题研究及其近似算法
网络流量测量的代价包括测量站部署代价和测量代价两个部分。网络流量监测模型优化的重点是：首先考虑部署尽量少的测量站降低部署代价,然后优化测量分配方案减少测量代价,并提高网络性能。利用流守恒规律,可以将网络流量监测模型优化问题抽象为无向图中的最小弱顶点覆盖问题。因求解最小弱顶点覆盖问题是一个NP难题,对于集中式网络,本文利用图论中关联矩阵的概念提出了一个近似算法,并分析了算法的复杂性,在此基础上将该算法拓展到顶点加权情况下图的弱顶点覆盖问题。对于分布式网络,本文给出了一种分布式求解弱顶点覆盖集的近似算法,该算法不需要维护网络拓扑的全局信息。仿真结果表明,所提出算法与以往方法相比,能找出更小的弱顶点覆盖集,具有更好的可扩展性。流量测量分配问题及其解决思路和近似算法,同样可用于解决测量延迟、丢包率等其它网络性能参数优化问题,对网络测量系统的设计和实现具有指导作用。
2.基于实时VBR业务流量的网络性能分析
对多速率实时VBR业务系统中呼叫级和分组级主要性能指标的分析计算进行了深入研究。对于资源部分共享情况,从多维Markov链的全局平衡条件出发,提出了一种计算各业务在线连接数的联合概率分布的方法,在此基础上分析了呼叫损失概率和分组丢失率,仿真结果验证了算法的正确性。其次,分析了呼叫损失概率和分组丢失率等服务质量指标与其传输控制参数之间的函数关系。在分组级,先对信源发送速率呈on-off分布的情形下系统的分组丢失概率进行分析,然后对更接近实际情况的一般实时VBR业务的信源发送信息速率的随机过程模型进行研究,提出一种各业务源信息速率可取为某一最小速率(离散)整数倍的通用信源模型,并给出了分组丢失概率的理论计算方法。对几种典型信源发送信息速率概率分布下的分组丢失概率进行了分析比较,并通过仿真检验了该方法的正确性。
3.基于呼叫接纳控制的流量控制技术
对于资源部分共享情况,探讨了多速率VBR业务系统呼叫接纳控制策略的实施,提出了以峰值带宽和预期的分组丢失率门限为依据的呼叫接纳控制策略,并进行了理论分析和验证；对于资源完全共享情况,提出一种可支持多种实时可变比特率业务的呼叫接纳控制策略,该策略只需动态调整容量缩放因子,并根据容量缩放因子与物理容量之积、各类业务的在线连接数和呼叫请求的类型决定是否接纳一个呼叫,给出了呼叫损失概率、分组丢失率及容量缩放因子的求解方法,数值计算结果表明所提出的策略可提高系统的吞吐量。
4.基于分支路由器协调的流量控制技术
为了提高整个网络的性能,提出了一种基于分支路由器协调的组播流量控制策略,其基本思想是在各分支路由器节点处采用一种闭环控制器来对源端的发送速率进行实时调节,使得源端的发送速率趋于稳定；另外,策略还在拥有一定数量接收端的分支路由器处对其发送的数据进行拷贝,一旦在规定时间内收到接收端发来的重传请求信息包,则对该接收端进行数据重发。针对网络拓扑结构动态变化的情况进行了仿真试验,结果表明,该方法具有良好的可扩展性、稳定性。
5.基于流量分析的异常流量控制技术
利用流量统计分析和深度业务分析引擎,对电信级IP网络流量进行了综合分析,设计和实现了一套基于网络流量的宽带业务行为分析控制系统。提出了将该系统与电信网现有的IP网管系统、安全管理系统、大客户系统等其他系统接口的策略,以进行联动响应控制。运用主元分析法检测了异常流量,探讨了网络异常流量检测控制策略,并基于流量监测系统的监测数据对大规模电信网中宽带业务流量流向和行为特征进行了分析。该网络流量分析控制系统已应用于实际的电信网中,为业务运营竞争防御管控、应用服务评估、客户报告服务、ICP业务评估等提供了有效分析管控手段,提升了电信宽带网络盈利能力。
Problems to be solved immediately in the modern network communication are the control of network congestion, optimization of network performance, and improvement of network service quality. In this dissertation, several major problems are studied to improve network performance in traffic control and network optimization, including the deployment optimization of monitor-nodes, performance analysis based on the traffic of multi-rate VBR services, traffic control based on call admission control, traffic control based on the coordination of branch routers and abnormal traffic control.The main work of this dissertation is as follows:
1. Research on the optimization of network traffic monitoring model and its approximate algorithm
The cost of network traffic measurement includes test cost and cost of test station deployment. A key point to optimize network traffic monitoring model optimization is: firstly deploy measurement station is as less as possible to reduce the deployment cost, then optimize the distribution measurement plan to reduce the measurement cost, and improve the network performance. Under the traffic flow conservation law, we can reduce the problem of network traffic monitoring model optimization for finding the minimal weak vertex cover of a graph. Because the problem to find the minimal weak vertex cover of a graph is equivalent to an NP-hard problem,, an approximation algorithm is proposed based on the concept of incidence matrix in Graph for centralized network, the complexity of this algorithm has been analyzed, moreover, the algorithm is extended to seek the minimal weak vertex cover for a graph that has weights on the nodes. For the distributed network, the thesis presents an algorithm for finding the weak vertex cover of a graph, which does not require the information of the whole network topology. Analysis and experimental results show that this algorithm is more efficient and scalable than the traditional methods. The solution and approximate algorithm of traffic measurement assignment can be used to solve optimization problems of measurement delay, packet loss rate and other network performance parameters, which is meaningful to the design and implementation of the network measurement system.
2. Network performance analysis based on real-time VBR business traffic
A systematic research is made on the call level and packet level performance analysis in a system with multi-rate VBR traffic. For the resource partial-shared case, an algorithm is proposed to accurately evaluate the probability distribution of on-line connections of each traffic type according to the global balance condition of a multi-dimensional Markov chain. Furthermore, the call blocking probability and the packet loss probability are also obtained. Simulation results show that the algorithm is accurate. In addition, analysis has been done on the function relation between the service quality indicators such as the call blocking probability and the packet loss probability and their transmission control parameters. In the packet level, firstly we analyse the packet loss probability of the system in the case that the source sending rate is on-off style, then we study the random process model of the source sending rate of general real-time VBR traffic which is close to the actual situation, and propose a universal source model that each traffic's source rate desirable for a multiple minimum rate (discrete integral times), and the theory calculation method of packet loss probability is presented. Several typical probability distributions of packet loss probability of source sending rate are analyzed and compared, Simulation test results show that the proposed method is valid.
3. A traffic control scheme based on call admission control
The implementation of a call admission control strategy is discussed for resource partial-shared systems with multi-rate VBR traffic. The strategy is dependent on the max bandwidth and the expected threshold of the cell loss probability. Both the relative theory analysis and verification are carried out. Another call admission control strategy is proposed for resource full-shared systems with multiple real time variable bit rate services. The strategy only needs dynamically adjust the capacity scaling factor and decides whether to admit a call on the base of the numbers of online service connections, the type of call requests, the product of capacity scaling factor, and physical capacity. A approach is presented to calculate the call blocking probability and the packet loss probability. The numerical results show that the proposed strategy could improve the throughput of the system.
4. Traffic control scheme based on branch routers
In order to improve the capability of the whole network, a multicast flow control strategies is proposed based on the coordination of branch routers, which employs a new closed loop controller in every branch router to regulate the transmitting rate of senders for stabilization. In addition, those branch routers possess a certain number receivers to copy the needed data. If the retransmit-request packets are arrived from receivers in the given time, then they will send the copied data to those receivers again. Simulations are done in the case of network topologic structure dynamic variation. Experiment results show that the novel strategies has fairly good expansibility, stability, and response speed.
5. A anomaly traffic control based on traffic analysis
Comprehensive analysis of telecom level IP network traffic was carried out with the help of traffic statistical analysis and deep packet analysis engine. A wideband service conduct analysis control system is designed based on network traffic and implemented in the paper. The system is proposed to interface with other systems such as IP network management system, security management system, and big customer system in the present telecom network to obtain incident response control. Strategies for network anomaly traffic detection and control are discussed, and the broadband service traffic direction and behavior characters in the large-scale telecom network are analyzed based on the data of traffic monitoring system. The network traffic analysis control system has been applied in the actual telecommunication networks, it supplies efficient analysis and management functions to business operations through competition defense, application service evaluation, customer service report and ICP business assessment, and promotes the profitability of Broadband telecommunications network.
1.网络流量监测模型优化问题研究及其近似算法
网络流量测量的代价包括测量站部署代价和测量代价两个部分。网络流量监测模型优化的重点是：首先考虑部署尽量少的测量站降低部署代价,然后优化测量分配方案减少测量代价,并提高网络性能。利用流守恒规律,可以将网络流量监测模型优化问题抽象为无向图中的最小弱顶点覆盖问题。因求解最小弱顶点覆盖问题是一个NP难题,对于集中式网络,本文利用图论中关联矩阵的概念提出了一个近似算法,并分析了算法的复杂性,在此基础上将该算法拓展到顶点加权情况下图的弱顶点覆盖问题。对于分布式网络,本文给出了一种分布式求解弱顶点覆盖集的近似算法,该算法不需要维护网络拓扑的全局信息。仿真结果表明,所提出算法与以往方法相比,能找出更小的弱顶点覆盖集,具有更好的可扩展性。流量测量分配问题及其解决思路和近似算法,同样可用于解决测量延迟、丢包率等其它网络性能参数优化问题,对网络测量系统的设计和实现具有指导作用。
2.基于实时VBR业务流量的网络性能分析
对多速率实时VBR业务系统中呼叫级和分组级主要性能指标的分析计算进行了深入研究。对于资源部分共享情况,从多维Markov链的全局平衡条件出发,提出了一种计算各业务在线连接数的联合概率分布的方法,在此基础上分析了呼叫损失概率和分组丢失率,仿真结果验证了算法的正确性。其次,分析了呼叫损失概率和分组丢失率等服务质量指标与其传输控制参数之间的函数关系。在分组级,先对信源发送速率呈on-off分布的情形下系统的分组丢失概率进行分析,然后对更接近实际情况的一般实时VBR业务的信源发送信息速率的随机过程模型进行研究,提出一种各业务源信息速率可取为某一最小速率(离散)整数倍的通用信源模型,并给出了分组丢失概率的理论计算方法。对几种典型信源发送信息速率概率分布下的分组丢失概率进行了分析比较,并通过仿真检验了该方法的正确性。
3.基于呼叫接纳控制的流量控制技术
对于资源部分共享情况,探讨了多速率VBR业务系统呼叫接纳控制策略的实施,提出了以峰值带宽和预期的分组丢失率门限为依据的呼叫接纳控制策略,并进行了理论分析和验证；对于资源完全共享情况,提出一种可支持多种实时可变比特率业务的呼叫接纳控制策略,该策略只需动态调整容量缩放因子,并根据容量缩放因子与物理容量之积、各类业务的在线连接数和呼叫请求的类型决定是否接纳一个呼叫,给出了呼叫损失概率、分组丢失率及容量缩放因子的求解方法,数值计算结果表明所提出的策略可提高系统的吞吐量。
4.基于分支路由器协调的流量控制技术
为了提高整个网络的性能,提出了一种基于分支路由器协调的组播流量控制策略,其基本思想是在各分支路由器节点处采用一种闭环控制器来对源端的发送速率进行实时调节,使得源端的发送速率趋于稳定；另外,策略还在拥有一定数量接收端的分支路由器处对其发送的数据进行拷贝,一旦在规定时间内收到接收端发来的重传请求信息包,则对该接收端进行数据重发。针对网络拓扑结构动态变化的情况进行了仿真试验,结果表明,该方法具有良好的可扩展性、稳定性。
5.基于流量分析的异常流量控制技术
利用流量统计分析和深度业务分析引擎,对电信级IP网络流量进行了综合分析,设计和实现了一套基于网络流量的宽带业务行为分析控制系统。提出了将该系统与电信网现有的IP网管系统、安全管理系统、大客户系统等其他系统接口的策略,以进行联动响应控制。运用主元分析法检测了异常流量,探讨了网络异常流量检测控制策略,并基于流量监测系统的监测数据对大规模电信网中宽带业务流量流向和行为特征进行了分析。该网络流量分析控制系统已应用于实际的电信网中,为业务运营竞争防御管控、应用服务评估、客户报告服务、ICP业务评估等提供了有效分析管控手段,提升了电信宽带网络盈利能力。
Problems to be solved immediately in the modern network communication are the control of network congestion, optimization of network performance, and improvement of network service quality. In this dissertation, several major problems are studied to improve network performance in traffic control and network optimization, including the deployment optimization of monitor-nodes, performance analysis based on the traffic of multi-rate VBR services, traffic control based on call admission control, traffic control based on the coordination of branch routers and abnormal traffic control.The main work of this dissertation is as follows:
1. Research on the optimization of network traffic monitoring model and its approximate algorithm
The cost of network traffic measurement includes test cost and cost of test station deployment. A key point to optimize network traffic monitoring model optimization is: firstly deploy measurement station is as less as possible to reduce the deployment cost, then optimize the distribution measurement plan to reduce the measurement cost, and improve the network performance. Under the traffic flow conservation law, we can reduce the problem of network traffic monitoring model optimization for finding the minimal weak vertex cover of a graph. Because the problem to find the minimal weak vertex cover of a graph is equivalent to an NP-hard problem,, an approximation algorithm is proposed based on the concept of incidence matrix in Graph for centralized network, the complexity of this algorithm has been analyzed, moreover, the algorithm is extended to seek the minimal weak vertex cover for a graph that has weights on the nodes. For the distributed network, the thesis presents an algorithm for finding the weak vertex cover of a graph, which does not require the information of the whole network topology. Analysis and experimental results show that this algorithm is more efficient and scalable than the traditional methods. The solution and approximate algorithm of traffic measurement assignment can be used to solve optimization problems of measurement delay, packet loss rate and other network performance parameters, which is meaningful to the design and implementation of the network measurement system.
2. Network performance analysis based on real-time VBR business traffic
A systematic research is made on the call level and packet level performance analysis in a system with multi-rate VBR traffic. For the resource partial-shared case, an algorithm is proposed to accurately evaluate the probability distribution of on-line connections of each traffic type according to the global balance condition of a multi-dimensional Markov chain. Furthermore, the call blocking probability and the packet loss probability are also obtained. Simulation results show that the algorithm is accurate. In addition, analysis has been done on the function relation between the service quality indicators such as the call blocking probability and the packet loss probability and their transmission control parameters. In the packet level, firstly we analyse the packet loss probability of the system in the case that the source sending rate is on-off style, then we study the random process model of the source sending rate of general real-time VBR traffic which is close to the actual situation, and propose a universal source model that each traffic's source rate desirable for a multiple minimum rate (discrete integral times), and the theory calculation method of packet loss probability is presented. Several typical probability distributions of packet loss probability of source sending rate are analyzed and compared, Simulation test results show that the proposed method is valid.
3. A traffic control scheme based on call admission control
The implementation of a call admission control strategy is discussed for resource partial-shared systems with multi-rate VBR traffic. The strategy is dependent on the max bandwidth and the expected threshold of the cell loss probability. Both the relative theory analysis and verification are carried out. Another call admission control strategy is proposed for resource full-shared systems with multiple real time variable bit rate services. The strategy only needs dynamically adjust the capacity scaling factor and decides whether to admit a call on the base of the numbers of online service connections, the type of call requests, the product of capacity scaling factor, and physical capacity. A approach is presented to calculate the call blocking probability and the packet loss probability. The numerical results show that the proposed strategy could improve the throughput of the system.
4. Traffic control scheme based on branch routers
In order to improve the capability of the whole network, a multicast flow control strategies is proposed based on the coordination of branch routers, which employs a new closed loop controller in every branch router to regulate the transmitting rate of senders for stabilization. In addition, those branch routers possess a certain number receivers to copy the needed data. If the retransmit-request packets are arrived from receivers in the given time, then they will send the copied data to those receivers again. Simulations are done in the case of network topologic structure dynamic variation. Experiment results show that the novel strategies has fairly good expansibility, stability, and response speed.
5. A anomaly traffic control based on traffic analysis
Comprehensive analysis of telecom level IP network traffic was carried out with the help of traffic statistical analysis and deep packet analysis engine. A wideband service conduct analysis control system is designed based on network traffic and implemented in the paper. The system is proposed to interface with other systems such as IP network management system, security management system, and big customer system in the present telecom network to obtain incident response control. Strategies for network anomaly traffic detection and control are discussed, and the broadband service traffic direction and behavior characters in the large-scale telecom network are analyzed based on the data of traffic monitoring system. The network traffic analysis control system has been applied in the actual telecommunication networks, it supplies efficient analysis and management functions to business operations through competition defense, application service evaluation, customer service report and ICP business assessment, and promotes the profitability of Broadband telecommunications network.
引文
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