日粮维生素D_3水平对黄鳝免疫调控及免疫功能影响的研究
|
摘要
本试验通过在日粮中添加不同水平的VD3,研究其对黄鳝免疫相关基因的表达、外周免疫器官的细胞、组织形态学变化、免疫功能和生产性能等方面的影响,以期探讨VD3对黄鳝免疫功能和免疫调控机制的影响,并初步筛选出提高黄鳝免疫应答的日粮VD3适宜添加水平,逐步积累、充实和拓展黄鳝免疫营养学研究资料,为黄鳝健康养殖提供依据。
试验采用单因子试验设计,挑选体质健康、平均体重21.7土2.1g的黄鳝1080尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾。对照组饲喂基础日粮(其中VD3为0IU/kg VD3),其余5个试验组在基础日粮中分别添加250、500、1000、2000和4000IU/kg的VD3。于投喂试验日粮后第20d、40d和60d,从各组随机选择6尾黄鳝,分别采集其肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾和后肠组织,采用RT-PCR技术检测内脏组织MHC-Ⅱ-B、 Hepcidin基因表达的影响；采用组织学方法观察饲喂日粮后第60d4种组织形态变化,采用流式细胞术检测4种组织细胞周期和细胞凋亡的变化；各饲喂周期,分别采集血样检测血液常规指标和免疫功能指标；并研究VD3对黄鳝生长和肠道消化酶活力的影响以及活菌攻毒后对黄鳝的保护作用。结果表明：
(1)MHC-Ⅱ-B基因在4种组织的表达丰度依次为头肾、脾脏、后肠和肝胰脏,各组织间表达差异显著(P<0.05)；喂试验日粮后20d,VD3水平为4000IU/kg时显著增强头肾MHC-Ⅱ-B基因表达量,2000IU/kg则显著提高脾脏表达量(P<0.05)；投喂试验日粮后40d,VD3水平为1000IU/Kg时能显著增强除脾脏外其它3种组织基因表达量；饲喂期达60d时,较低水平(500IU/Kg)的VD3即能显著促使头肾和脾脏内MHC-Ⅱ B基因表达(P<0.05),高剂量(4000IU/Kg)VD3则抑制其表达。
(2)hepcidin基因在4种组织的表达丰度依次为肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾、后肠,各组织间表达差异显著(P<0.05)；随VD3添加剂量增加,黄鳝抗菌肽hepcidin基因在4种组织的表达量同一时间点均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势；20d时,2000IU/Kg添加组4种组织的表达量均达到最高(P<0.05)；40和60d时,500IU/Kg处理组肝胰脏、头肾表达量达最高(P<0.05)；60d时,4000IU/Kg处理组的表达量反而明显下降(P<0.05)。
(3)日粮VD3水平能明显影响黄鳝外周淋巴器官(组织)的组织学变化。低水平VD3日粮组：黄鳝脾脏视野中脾小体数目极少；头肾中仅见零星淋巴细胞稀疏分布于其造血组织间；肝胰脏组织结构完整,肝细胞排列紧密,肝细胞索明显；肠黏膜绒毛低矮,杯状细胞极少。中等水平VD3添加组：脾脏视野中白髓比列增大,较多脾小体清晰可见；头肾淋巴细胞、粒细胞增生,淋巴组织分布区域扩大。高水平VD3添加组：脾脏脾小体数目明显减少,并逐渐退化消失；可见大量淋巴细胞、粒细胞增殖,造血组织分布区域明显减小；肝脏局部细胞破裂溶解。
(4)日粮VD3水平可显著影响黄鳝外周淋巴器官(组织)细胞周期和细胞凋亡。VD3对脾脏、后肠和头肾3种组织细胞周期和凋亡的影响变化趋势基本一致,适宜VD3水平(1000IU/kg)促进细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡,有利于3种组织生长和发育；VD3缺乏和VD3过高,都会使细胞增殖受阻,凋亡发生率高。VD3对肝胰脏细胞增殖起抑制作用,添加水平越高抑制作用越强,同时高水平VD3诱导细胞凋亡
(5)适宜VD3添加水平促进黄鳝RBC生成和HGB的合成,以及HCT、MCHC升高,PLT数目增多；并能显著提高黄鳝SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、AKP、ACP酶活力和血清总Pr含量。
(6)日粮适宜的VD3水平(500-2000IU/Kg)可提高黄鳝IgM表达水平,CD4/CD8比值、血清溶菌酶含量,白细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞总数,增强黄鳝体液免疫、细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能。
(7)日粮适宜VD3添加水平能提高嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后的黄鳝存活率,减轻各组织器官病变程度,对黄鳝具有一定的保护作用。
(8)VD3添加水平为500IU/Kg时,黄鳝增重率、特定生长率、存活率、饲料转化率、饲料系数等指标均明显优于其它各组(P<0.05); VD3水平为4000IU/Kg时,其生长相关指标与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);VD3添加水平在一定范围内能明显提高黄鳝前肠和肝胰脏的消化酶活力。
本研究结果表明,日粮适宜维生素D3水平可通过促进黄鳝肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾、后肠(?)(?)HC-Ⅱ-B基因和抗菌肽hepcidin基因表达,影响外周淋巴器官组织学变化和降低细胞凋亡率,提高机体抗氧化能力和消化酶活力,增强黄鳝免疫功能及改善其生产性能。
This experiment through the dietary Vitamin D3(VD3), study on immune related gene expression of peripheral immune organs, cells, tissue morphological changes, immune function and production performance and other aspects of the impact, with a view to explore the VD3on immune function and immune regulation effects, and initially screened to improve the immune response to dietary VD3suitable addition level, gradually accumulated, enriching and developing the Monopterus albus immune nutrition research data, provide the basis for healthy breeding of M.albus.
Test methods of single factor experimental design, selection of physical health, average weight of21.7±2.1g M.albus1080populations, were randomly divided into6groups, each group of3repetitions, each repeated60populations.The control group was fed with basic diet (where VD3is0IU/kg VD3), the remaining5test groups in a basal diet were added250,500,1000,2000and4000IU/kg VD3.In a feeding trial of dietary after the20d,40d and60d, from each group was randomly selected6populations M.albus, separately collecting the liver and pancreas, head kidney, spleen, last of the intestinal tract, using RT-PCR technology to detect visceral tissue MHC-II-B, Hepcidin gene expression; using histology observation after the first feeding diets the60d4organization changes in morphology, flow cytometry was used to detect4kinds of tissue apoptosis and cell cycle changes; the feeding cycle, respectively, to collect the blood detection routine blood index and immune function index; feeding trial ended, studied the VD3on growth and digestive enzyme activity and the influence of live bacteria attack after protective effects of M. albus.
The results showed that:(1) MHC-II-B gene in4kinds of tissue expression abundance in head kidney, spleen, last of the intestinal tract, liver and pancreas, among the various organizations expressed significant difference (P<0.05); feed the test diet after20D, VD3level was4000IU/kg significantly enhance the head kidney MHC-II-B gene expression amount,2000IU/kg were significantly increased spleen expression (P<0.05); feeding test diets after40d, VD3level was1000IU/Kg at40d could significantly enhance except the spleen and other3kinds of tissue gene expression amount; feeding period up to60d, low level (500IU/Kg) of VD3could significantly promote head kidney and spleen of MHC-II-B gene expression (P<0.05), high dose (4000IU/Kg) VD3the expression amount to a minimum. Results suggest that, in head kidney MHC-II-B gene expression as the main reference, short-term high feeding level (VD32000IU/Kg) diets can improve immune response of M.albus; short-term feeding at1000IU/Kg or500IU/Kg level is appropriate.
(2) hepcidin gene in4kinds of tissue expression abundance in liver and pancreas, spleen, head kidney, last of the intestinal tract, among the various organizations expressed significant difference (P<0.05); with VD3dosage increase, M. albus cecropin hepcidin gene in4kinds of tissue expression quantity at the same time showed increased first and then lowering trend;20D,2000IU/Kg add group4organization were in the highest (P<0.05);40and60d,500IU/Kg group of liver and pancreas, head kidney in reached peak (P<0.05);60d,4000IU/Kg processing group VD3will make hepcidin gene expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Results indicated that, within a short time of dietary high dose (2000IU/Kg) of VD3can significantly improve the M. albus in visceral tissues of hepcidin gene expression amount; feeding cycle longer, diets supplemented with500IU/Kg VD3significantly increased hepcidin gene expression in M. albus liver and pancreas,head kidney.
(3) Low levels of VD3diet group in the view of M. albus spleen splenic corpuscle minimal number; head kidney only sporadic lymphocyte sparsely distributed in the hematopoietic tissue in liver and pancreas; structure integrity, liver cells were arranged closely, liver cell cord evident; intestinal mucosal villous height low, goblet cells with minimal. Intermediate level VD3add group, spleen white pulp ratio of column in the view of increased splenic corpuscle, more clearly visible; head kidney lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells proliferation, distribution of lymphoid tissue expansion. High levels of VD3to add group, splenic corpuscle number was decreased, and gradually degraded disappear; visible large lymphocytes, granulocytes and proliferation of hematopoietic tissue distribution area, reduced obviously; local hepatic cell rupture dissolved. Results:the dietary VD3levels can affect the peripheral lymphoid organs (tissues) and histological changes, which may influence the immune function of M. albus.
(4) Dietary VD3levels can significantly affect the M. albus peripheral lymphoid organs (tissues) on cell cycle and apoptosis.VD3on the spleen, hindgut and head kidney3organization of cell cycle and apoptosis tendency, proper VD3level (1000IU/kg) promotes cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, in favor of3kinds of tissue growth and development; VD3deficiency and VD3is too high, will exhibit cell proliferation is blocked, apoptosis rate high.VD3on liver and pancreatic cell proliferation inhibition, add level the higher the stronger the inhibitory effect, and high levels of VD3inducing apoptosis. Results: the proper VD3level (1000IU/kg) can promote M. albus peripheral lymphoid organs (tissues) cell proliferation, apoptosis rate decreased, conducive to the peripheral lymphoid organs growth; high levels of VD3can induce cell proliferation is blocked, apoptosis is accelerated, causing the body to suppress immune functions.
(5) Suitable for VD3adding level M. albus promote RBC production and HGB synthesis, and HCT, the elevation of MCHC, PLT number; can significantly improve SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, the AKP, ACP enzyme activity and serum total Pr content. Results:the dietary appropriate VD3levels (500-1000IU/Kg), can significantly improve the nutritional status and the enhancement of M. albus antioxidant ability.
(6)The optimal dietary VD3levels (500-2000IU/Kg) can improve M.albus the expression level of IgM, CD4/CD8ratio, serum lysozyme levels, leukocyte, granulocyte and monocyte count, enhances the M.albus humoral immunity, cell immunity and non-specific immune function, increased disease defense capability.
(7) The optimum dietary VD3supplementation levels can improve the M.albus survival rate after the Aeromonas hydrophila attack, reduce the severity of various tissues and organs, M.albus has a protective effect.
(8) When VD3concentration was500IU/Kg, the rate of weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion rate, feed coefficient and other indicators are significantly better than the other groups (P<0.05), VD3levels of0and4000IU/Kg, M.albus, survival rate, growth rate feed conversion rate, utilization rate of protein and other indicators have no significant difference (P<0.05); VD3add level within a certain range can significantly improve the foregut and hepatopancreas of the digestive enzyme activity. Results:the suitability of VD3add level could improve the growth performance of M.albus.
试验采用单因子试验设计,挑选体质健康、平均体重21.7土2.1g的黄鳝1080尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾。对照组饲喂基础日粮(其中VD3为0IU/kg VD3),其余5个试验组在基础日粮中分别添加250、500、1000、2000和4000IU/kg的VD3。于投喂试验日粮后第20d、40d和60d,从各组随机选择6尾黄鳝,分别采集其肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾和后肠组织,采用RT-PCR技术检测内脏组织MHC-Ⅱ-B、 Hepcidin基因表达的影响；采用组织学方法观察饲喂日粮后第60d4种组织形态变化,采用流式细胞术检测4种组织细胞周期和细胞凋亡的变化；各饲喂周期,分别采集血样检测血液常规指标和免疫功能指标；并研究VD3对黄鳝生长和肠道消化酶活力的影响以及活菌攻毒后对黄鳝的保护作用。结果表明：
(1)MHC-Ⅱ-B基因在4种组织的表达丰度依次为头肾、脾脏、后肠和肝胰脏,各组织间表达差异显著(P<0.05)；喂试验日粮后20d,VD3水平为4000IU/kg时显著增强头肾MHC-Ⅱ-B基因表达量,2000IU/kg则显著提高脾脏表达量(P<0.05)；投喂试验日粮后40d,VD3水平为1000IU/Kg时能显著增强除脾脏外其它3种组织基因表达量；饲喂期达60d时,较低水平(500IU/Kg)的VD3即能显著促使头肾和脾脏内MHC-Ⅱ B基因表达(P<0.05),高剂量(4000IU/Kg)VD3则抑制其表达。
(2)hepcidin基因在4种组织的表达丰度依次为肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾、后肠,各组织间表达差异显著(P<0.05)；随VD3添加剂量增加,黄鳝抗菌肽hepcidin基因在4种组织的表达量同一时间点均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势；20d时,2000IU/Kg添加组4种组织的表达量均达到最高(P<0.05)；40和60d时,500IU/Kg处理组肝胰脏、头肾表达量达最高(P<0.05)；60d时,4000IU/Kg处理组的表达量反而明显下降(P<0.05)。
(3)日粮VD3水平能明显影响黄鳝外周淋巴器官(组织)的组织学变化。低水平VD3日粮组：黄鳝脾脏视野中脾小体数目极少；头肾中仅见零星淋巴细胞稀疏分布于其造血组织间；肝胰脏组织结构完整,肝细胞排列紧密,肝细胞索明显；肠黏膜绒毛低矮,杯状细胞极少。中等水平VD3添加组：脾脏视野中白髓比列增大,较多脾小体清晰可见；头肾淋巴细胞、粒细胞增生,淋巴组织分布区域扩大。高水平VD3添加组：脾脏脾小体数目明显减少,并逐渐退化消失；可见大量淋巴细胞、粒细胞增殖,造血组织分布区域明显减小；肝脏局部细胞破裂溶解。
(4)日粮VD3水平可显著影响黄鳝外周淋巴器官(组织)细胞周期和细胞凋亡。VD3对脾脏、后肠和头肾3种组织细胞周期和凋亡的影响变化趋势基本一致,适宜VD3水平(1000IU/kg)促进细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡,有利于3种组织生长和发育；VD3缺乏和VD3过高,都会使细胞增殖受阻,凋亡发生率高。VD3对肝胰脏细胞增殖起抑制作用,添加水平越高抑制作用越强,同时高水平VD3诱导细胞凋亡
(5)适宜VD3添加水平促进黄鳝RBC生成和HGB的合成,以及HCT、MCHC升高,PLT数目增多；并能显著提高黄鳝SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、AKP、ACP酶活力和血清总Pr含量。
(6)日粮适宜的VD3水平(500-2000IU/Kg)可提高黄鳝IgM表达水平,CD4/CD8比值、血清溶菌酶含量,白细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞总数,增强黄鳝体液免疫、细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能。
(7)日粮适宜VD3添加水平能提高嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后的黄鳝存活率,减轻各组织器官病变程度,对黄鳝具有一定的保护作用。
(8)VD3添加水平为500IU/Kg时,黄鳝增重率、特定生长率、存活率、饲料转化率、饲料系数等指标均明显优于其它各组(P<0.05); VD3水平为4000IU/Kg时,其生长相关指标与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);VD3添加水平在一定范围内能明显提高黄鳝前肠和肝胰脏的消化酶活力。
本研究结果表明,日粮适宜维生素D3水平可通过促进黄鳝肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾、后肠(?)(?)HC-Ⅱ-B基因和抗菌肽hepcidin基因表达,影响外周淋巴器官组织学变化和降低细胞凋亡率,提高机体抗氧化能力和消化酶活力,增强黄鳝免疫功能及改善其生产性能。
This experiment through the dietary Vitamin D3(VD3), study on immune related gene expression of peripheral immune organs, cells, tissue morphological changes, immune function and production performance and other aspects of the impact, with a view to explore the VD3on immune function and immune regulation effects, and initially screened to improve the immune response to dietary VD3suitable addition level, gradually accumulated, enriching and developing the Monopterus albus immune nutrition research data, provide the basis for healthy breeding of M.albus.
Test methods of single factor experimental design, selection of physical health, average weight of21.7±2.1g M.albus1080populations, were randomly divided into6groups, each group of3repetitions, each repeated60populations.The control group was fed with basic diet (where VD3is0IU/kg VD3), the remaining5test groups in a basal diet were added250,500,1000,2000and4000IU/kg VD3.In a feeding trial of dietary after the20d,40d and60d, from each group was randomly selected6populations M.albus, separately collecting the liver and pancreas, head kidney, spleen, last of the intestinal tract, using RT-PCR technology to detect visceral tissue MHC-II-B, Hepcidin gene expression; using histology observation after the first feeding diets the60d4organization changes in morphology, flow cytometry was used to detect4kinds of tissue apoptosis and cell cycle changes; the feeding cycle, respectively, to collect the blood detection routine blood index and immune function index; feeding trial ended, studied the VD3on growth and digestive enzyme activity and the influence of live bacteria attack after protective effects of M. albus.
The results showed that:(1) MHC-II-B gene in4kinds of tissue expression abundance in head kidney, spleen, last of the intestinal tract, liver and pancreas, among the various organizations expressed significant difference (P<0.05); feed the test diet after20D, VD3level was4000IU/kg significantly enhance the head kidney MHC-II-B gene expression amount,2000IU/kg were significantly increased spleen expression (P<0.05); feeding test diets after40d, VD3level was1000IU/Kg at40d could significantly enhance except the spleen and other3kinds of tissue gene expression amount; feeding period up to60d, low level (500IU/Kg) of VD3could significantly promote head kidney and spleen of MHC-II-B gene expression (P<0.05), high dose (4000IU/Kg) VD3the expression amount to a minimum. Results suggest that, in head kidney MHC-II-B gene expression as the main reference, short-term high feeding level (VD32000IU/Kg) diets can improve immune response of M.albus; short-term feeding at1000IU/Kg or500IU/Kg level is appropriate.
(2) hepcidin gene in4kinds of tissue expression abundance in liver and pancreas, spleen, head kidney, last of the intestinal tract, among the various organizations expressed significant difference (P<0.05); with VD3dosage increase, M. albus cecropin hepcidin gene in4kinds of tissue expression quantity at the same time showed increased first and then lowering trend;20D,2000IU/Kg add group4organization were in the highest (P<0.05);40and60d,500IU/Kg group of liver and pancreas, head kidney in reached peak (P<0.05);60d,4000IU/Kg processing group VD3will make hepcidin gene expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Results indicated that, within a short time of dietary high dose (2000IU/Kg) of VD3can significantly improve the M. albus in visceral tissues of hepcidin gene expression amount; feeding cycle longer, diets supplemented with500IU/Kg VD3significantly increased hepcidin gene expression in M. albus liver and pancreas,head kidney.
(3) Low levels of VD3diet group in the view of M. albus spleen splenic corpuscle minimal number; head kidney only sporadic lymphocyte sparsely distributed in the hematopoietic tissue in liver and pancreas; structure integrity, liver cells were arranged closely, liver cell cord evident; intestinal mucosal villous height low, goblet cells with minimal. Intermediate level VD3add group, spleen white pulp ratio of column in the view of increased splenic corpuscle, more clearly visible; head kidney lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells proliferation, distribution of lymphoid tissue expansion. High levels of VD3to add group, splenic corpuscle number was decreased, and gradually degraded disappear; visible large lymphocytes, granulocytes and proliferation of hematopoietic tissue distribution area, reduced obviously; local hepatic cell rupture dissolved. Results:the dietary VD3levels can affect the peripheral lymphoid organs (tissues) and histological changes, which may influence the immune function of M. albus.
(4) Dietary VD3levels can significantly affect the M. albus peripheral lymphoid organs (tissues) on cell cycle and apoptosis.VD3on the spleen, hindgut and head kidney3organization of cell cycle and apoptosis tendency, proper VD3level (1000IU/kg) promotes cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, in favor of3kinds of tissue growth and development; VD3deficiency and VD3is too high, will exhibit cell proliferation is blocked, apoptosis rate high.VD3on liver and pancreatic cell proliferation inhibition, add level the higher the stronger the inhibitory effect, and high levels of VD3inducing apoptosis. Results: the proper VD3level (1000IU/kg) can promote M. albus peripheral lymphoid organs (tissues) cell proliferation, apoptosis rate decreased, conducive to the peripheral lymphoid organs growth; high levels of VD3can induce cell proliferation is blocked, apoptosis is accelerated, causing the body to suppress immune functions.
(5) Suitable for VD3adding level M. albus promote RBC production and HGB synthesis, and HCT, the elevation of MCHC, PLT number; can significantly improve SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, the AKP, ACP enzyme activity and serum total Pr content. Results:the dietary appropriate VD3levels (500-1000IU/Kg), can significantly improve the nutritional status and the enhancement of M. albus antioxidant ability.
(6)The optimal dietary VD3levels (500-2000IU/Kg) can improve M.albus the expression level of IgM, CD4/CD8ratio, serum lysozyme levels, leukocyte, granulocyte and monocyte count, enhances the M.albus humoral immunity, cell immunity and non-specific immune function, increased disease defense capability.
(7) The optimum dietary VD3supplementation levels can improve the M.albus survival rate after the Aeromonas hydrophila attack, reduce the severity of various tissues and organs, M.albus has a protective effect.
(8) When VD3concentration was500IU/Kg, the rate of weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion rate, feed coefficient and other indicators are significantly better than the other groups (P<0.05), VD3levels of0and4000IU/Kg, M.albus, survival rate, growth rate feed conversion rate, utilization rate of protein and other indicators have no significant difference (P<0.05); VD3add level within a certain range can significantly improve the foregut and hepatopancreas of the digestive enzyme activity. Results:the suitability of VD3add level could improve the growth performance of M.albus.
引文
Abu-Raya, S., Bloch-Shilderman, E., Lelkes, P.I., Trembovler, V., Shohami, E., Gutman, Y., Lazarovici, P.,1999. Characterization of pardaxin-induced dopamine release from pheochromocytoma cells: role of calcium and eicosanoids. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 288, 399-406.
Andrews, J.W., Murai, T., Page, J.W.,1980. Effects of dietary cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol on catfish. Aquaculture 19,49-54.
Bao, B., Peatman, E., Xu, P., Li, P., Zeng, H., He, C., Liu, Z.,2006. The catfish liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) gene is expressed in a wide range of tissues and developmentally regulated. Molecular immunology 43,367-377.
Brown, P.B., Robinson, E.H.,1992. Vitamin D studies with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reared in calcium-free water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology 103, 213-219.
Cardwell, T., Sheffer, R., Hedrick, P.,2001. MHC variation and tissue transplantation in fish. Journal of Heredity 92,305-308.
Chan, S., Tang, F., Lofts, B.,1972. Biopsy studies on the natural sex reversal in Monopterus albus (Pisces:Teleostei). Journal of Zoology 167,415-421.
Chen, S., Sims, G.P., Chen, X.X., Gu, Y.Y., Lipsky, P.E.,2007a. Modulatory effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. The Journal of Immunology 179, 1634-1647.
Chen, S.L., Li, W., Meng, L., Sha, Z.X., Wang, Z.J., Ren, G.C.,2007b. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a hepcidin antimicrobial peptide gene from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish & shellfish immunology 22,172-181.
Chen, S.L., Xu, M.Y., Hu, S.N., Li, L.,2004. Analysis of immune-relevant genes expressed in red sea bream (< i> Chrysophrys major) spleen. Aquaculture 240,115-130.
Chen, S.L., Xu, M.Y., Ji, X.S., Yu, G.C., Liu, Y.,2005. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of hepcidin gene from red sea bream (Chrysophrys major). Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 49,1608-1612.
Cho, J.H., Park, I.Y., Kim, H.S., Lee, W.T., Kim, M.S., Kim, S.C.,2002. Cathepsin D produces antimicrobial peptide parasin I from histone H2A in the skin mucosa of fish. The FASEB Journal 16,429-431.
Choi, W., Lee, E.Y., Choi, T.J.,2006. Cloning and sequence analysis of the [beta] 2-microglobulin transcript from flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous. Molecular immunology 43,1565-1572.
Croisetiere, S., Tarte, P.D., Bernatchez, L., Belhumeur, P.,2008. Identification of MHC class Ⅱβ resistance/susceptibility alleles to< i> Aeromonas salmonicida in brook charr (< i> Salvelinus fontinalis). Molecular immunology 45,3107-3116.
Cuesta, A., Angeles Esteban, M., Meseguer, J.,2006. Cloning, distribution and up-regulation of the teleost fish MHC class Ⅱ alpha suggests a role for granulocytes as antigen-presenting cells. Molecular immunology 43,1275-1285.
Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., Esteban, M.,2007. Cloning and regulation of the major histocompatibility class I alpha gene in the teleost fish gilthead seabream. Fish & shellfish immunology 22,718.
Douglas, S., Gallant, J., Gong, Z., Hew, C.,2001. Cloning and developmental expression of a family of pleurocidin-like antimicrobial peptides from winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 25,137-147.
Douglas, S.E., Gallant, J.W., Liebscher, R.S., Dacanay, A., Tsoi, S.,2003. Identification and expression analysis of hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides in bony fish. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 27,589-601.
Driver, J., Atencio, A., Pesti, G., Edwards Jr, H., Bakalli, R.,2006. The effect of maternal dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on performance and tibial dyschondroplasia of broiler chicks. Poultry science 85,39-47.
Dusso, A.S., Brown, A.J.,2009. Vitamin D:molecular biology and gene regulation. Textbook of Nephro-Endocrinology. CA, USA:Elsevier,69-93.
Ebran, N., Julien, S., Orange, N., Saglio, P., Lemai□tre, C., Molle, G.,1999. Pore-forming properties and antibacterial activity of proteins extracted from epidermal mucus of fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology 122,181-189.
Enright, K., Anderson, B., Ellis, M., McKeith, F., Berger, L., Baker, D.,1998. The effects of feeding high levels of vitamin D3 on pork quality. J. Anim. Sci 76,149.
Forman, J.P., Williams, J.S., Fisher, N.D.L.,2010. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in humans. Hypertension 55,1283-1288.
Froy, O.,2005. Microreview:Regulation of mammalian defensin expression by Toll-like receptor-dependent and independent signalling pathways. Cellular microbiology 7, 1387-1397.
Fujiki, K., Booman, M., Chin-Dixon, E., Dixon, B.,2001. Cloning and characterization of cDNA clones encoding membrane-bound and potentially secreted major histocompatibility class I receptors from walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Immunogenetics 53,760-769.
Gedlicka, C., Hager, G, Weissenbock, M., Gedlicka, W., Knerer, B., Kornfehl, J., Formanek, M.,2006. 1,25 (OH) 2Vitamin D3 induces elevated expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p18 in a squamous cell carcinoma cell line of the head and neck. Journal of oral pathology & medicine 35,472-478.
Godwin, U.B., Antao, A., Wilson, M.R., Gregory Chinchar, V., Miller, N.W., William Clem, L., McConnell, T.J.,1997. MHC class II B genes in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 21,13-23.
Graff, I., H(?)ie, S., Totland, G., Lie,(?).,2002. Three different levels of dietary vitamin D3 fed to first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.):effect on growth, mortality, calcium content and bone formation. Aquaculture Nutrition 8,103-111.
Guan, R., Zhou, L., Cui, G., Feng, X.,1996. Studies on the artificial propagation of Monopterus albus (Zuiew). Aquaculture Research 27,587-596.
Hancock, R.E.W., Lehrer, R.,1998. Cationic peptides:a new source of antibiotics. Trends in biotechnology 16,82-88.
Hansen, J.D., Strassburger, P., Du Pasquier, L.,1996. Conservation of an alpha 2 domain within the teleostean world, MHC class I from the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 20,417-425.
Hodnett, D., Jorgensen, N., Deluca, H.,1992.1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 plus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 reduces parturient paresis in dairy cows fed high dietary calcium. Journal of dairy science 75, 485.
Hu, X., Camus, A.C., Aono, S., Morrison, E.E., Dennis, J., Nusbaum, K.E., Judd, R.L., Shi, J.,2007. Channel catfish hepcidin expression in infection and anemia. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 30,55-69.
Huang, X., Zhou, R., Liu, L., Cheng, H., Guo, Y., Yu, Q.,2000. Chromosome assignments of the rice field eel Sox9 and Sox17 genes. Aquaculture International 7,393-397.
Jensen, S.S., Madsen, M.W., Lukas, J., Binderup, L., Bartek, J.,2001. Inhibitory effects of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the G1-S phase-controlling machinery. Molecular Endocrinology 15,1370-1380.
Kj(?)glum, S., Larsen, S., Bakke, H., Grimholt, U.,2008. The effect of specific MHC class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ combinations on resistance to furunculosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 67,160-168.
Koohmaraie, M., Babiker, A., Schroeder, A., Merkel, R., Dutson, T.,1988. Acceleration of postmortem tenderization in ovine carcasses through activation of Ca2+-dependent proteases. Journal of Food Science 53,1638-1641.
Koppang, E., Lundin, M., Press, C.M.L., R(?)nningen, K., Lie,(?).,1998. Differing levels of Mhc class Ⅱ [beta] chain expression in a range of tissues from vaccinated and non-vaccinated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Fish & shellfish immunology 8,183-196.
Krause, A., Neitz, S., Magert, H.J., Schulz, A., Forssmann, W.G, Schulz-Knappe, P., Adermann, K., 2000. LEAP-1, a novel highly disulfide-bonded human peptide, exhibits antimicrobial activity. FEBS letters 480,147-150.
Lal, H., Pandey, R., Aggarwal, S.,1999. Vitamin D:Non-skeletal actions and effects on growth. Nutrition research 19,1683-1718.
Lauth, X., Babon, J.J., Stannard, J.A., Singh, S., Nizet, V, Carlberg, J.M., Ostland, V.E., Pennington, M.W., Norton, R.S., Westerman, M.E.,2005. Bass hepcidin synthesis, solution structure, antimicrobial activities and synergism, and in vivo hepatic response to bacterial infections. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280,9272-9282.
Lehrer, R.I., Ganz, T.,2002. Defensins of vertebrate animals. Current opinion in immunology 14, 96-102.
Liem, K.F.,1963. Sex reversal as a natural process in the synbranchiform fish Monopterus albus. Copeia,303-312.
Liu, J.F., Guiguen, Y., Liu, S.J.,2009. Aromatase (P450arom) and 11 (3-hydroxylase (P45011(3) genes are differentially expressed during the sex change process of the protogynous rice field eel, monopterus albus. Fish physiology and biochemistry 35,511-518.
Liu, P.T., Stenger, S., Tang, D.H., Modlin, R.L.,2007. Cutting edge:vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on the induction of cathelicidin. The Journal of Immunology 179,2060-2063.
Maalouf, N.M.,2008. The noncalciotropic actions of vitamin D:recent clinical developments. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 17,408.
Manolagas, S.C., Hustmyer, F., XIAO-PENG, Y.,1990. Immunomodulating properties of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Kidney international. Supplement 38, S9-S16.
Marques, C.D.L., Dantas, A.T., Fragoso, T.S., Duarte, A.L.B.P.,2010. The importance of vitamin D levels in autoimmune diseases. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 50,67-80.
Masuda, S., Jones, G.,2006. Promise of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of hyperproliferative conditions. Molecular cancer therapeutics 5,797.
Montgomery, J., Carr, M., Kerth, C., Hilton, G., Price, B., Galyean, M., Horst, R., Miller, M.,2002. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation level on the postmortem tenderization of beef from steers. Journal of animal science 80,971-981.
Montgomery, J., Parrish Jr, F., Beitz, D., Horst, R., Huff-Lonergan, E., Trenkle, A.,2000. The use of vitamin D3 to improve beef tenderness. Journal of animal science 78,2615-2621.
Murray, B.W., Shintani, S.,Sultmann, H., Klein, J.,2000. Major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ A genes in cichlid fishes:identification, expression, linkage relationships, and haplotype variation. Immunogenetics 51,576-586.
Nicolas, G., Bennoun, M., Devaux, I., Beaumont, C., Grandchamp, B., Kahn, A., Vaulont, S.,2001. From the Cover:Lack of hepcidin gene expression and severe tissue iron overload in upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) knockout mice. Science's STKE 98,8780.
Noga, E., Fan, Z., Silphaduang, U.,2001. Histone-like proteins from fish are lethal to the parasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum. Parasitology 123,57-65.
Oren, Z., Shai, Y.,1996. A Class of Highly Potent Antibacterial Peptides Derived from Pardaxin, A Pore-Forming Peptide Isolated from Moses Sole Fish Pardachirus marmoratus. European Journal of Biochemistry 237,303-310.
Panichi, V., Migliori, M., Taccola, D., Consani, C., Giovannini, L.,2003. Effects of calcitriol on the immune system:new possibilities in the treatment of glomerulonephritis. Clinical and Experimental pharmacology and Physiology 30,807-811.
Park, C.H., Valore, E.V., Waring, A.J., Ganz, T.,2001. Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276,7806-7810.
Pike, J., Parker, J.B., Haussler, M.R., Boass, A., Toverud, S.,1979. Dynamic changes in circulating 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D during reproduction in rats. Science 204,1427.
Pouny, Y., Rapaport, D., Mor, A., Nicolas, P., Shai, Y,1992. Interaction of antimicrobial dermaseptin and its fluorescently labeled analogs with phospholipid membranes. Biochemistry 31, 12416-12423.
Quarterman, J., Dalgarno, A., Adam, A., Fell, B., Boyne, R.,1964. The distribution of vitamin D between the blood and the liver in the pig, and observations on the pathology of vitamin D toxicity. British Journal of Nutrition 18,65-77.
Rodrigues, P.N.S., Hermsen, T.T., Rombout, J.H.W.M., Egberts, E., Stet, R.J.M.,1995. Detection of MHC class II transcripts in lymphoid tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 19,483-496.
Rodrigues, P.N.S., Vazquez-Dorado, S., Neves, J.V., Wilson, J.M.,2006. Dual function of fish hepcidin: response to experimental iron overload and bacterial infection in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 30,1156-1167.
Sultmann, H., Mayer, WE., Figueroa, F., O'hUigin, C., Klein, J.,1993. Zebrafish Mhc class Ⅱ a chain-encoding genes:polymorphism, expression, and function. Immunogenetics 38,408-420.
Samuel, S., Sitrin, M.D.,2008. Vitamin D's role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Nutrition reviews 66, S116-S124.
Scanga, J., Belk, K., Tatum, J., Smith, G.,2001. Supranutritional oral supplementation with vitamin D3 and calcium and the effects on beef tenderness. Journal of animal science 79,912-918.
Sergeev, I.,2004. Calcium as a mediator of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced apoptosis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 89,419-425.
Shahsavarani, A., McNeill, B., Galvez, F., Wood, C., Goss, G., Hwang, P.P., Perry, S.,2006. Characterization of a branchial epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Experimental Biology 209,1928-1943.
Shapiro, D.Y.,1992. Plasticity of gonadal development and protandry in fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology 261,194-203.
Shike, H., Lauth, X., Westerman, M.E., Ostland, V.E., Carlberg, J.M., Van Olst, J.C., Shimizu, C., Bulet, P., Burns, J.C.,2002. Bass hepcidin is a novel antimicrobial peptide induced by bacterial challenge. European Journal of Biochemistry 269,2232-2237.
Shike, H., Shimizu, C., Lauth, X., Burns, J.C.,2004. Organization and expression analysis of the zebrafish hepcidin gene, an antimicrobial peptide gene conserved among vertebrates. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 28,747-754.
Silphaduang, U., Noga, E.J.,2001. Antimicrobials:peptide antibiotics in mast cells of fish. Nature 414, 268-269.
Silver, J., Kilav, R., Sela-Brown, A., Naveh-Many, T.,2000. Molecular mechanisms of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Pediatric Nephrology 14,626-628.
Solstad, T., Larsen, A.N., Seppola, M., J(?)rgensen, T.(?).,2008. Identification, cloning and expression analysis of a hepcidin cDNA of the Atlantic cod (< i> Gadus morhua L.). Fish & shellfish immunology 25,298-310.
Swanek, S., Morgan, J., Owens, F., Gill, D., Strasia, C., Dolezal, H., Ray, F.,1999. Vitamin D3 supplementation of beef steers increases longissimus tenderness. Journal of animal science 77, 874-881.
Tomaschitz, A., Pilz, S., Ritz, E., Grammer, T., Drechsler, C., Boehm, B.O., Marz, W.,2010. Independent association between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D,25-hydroxyvitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system:the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study. Clinica Chimica Acta 411,1354-1360.
Tsoukas, C.D., Provvedini, D.M., Manolagas, S.C.,1984.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3:a novel immunoregulatory hormone. Science 224,1438-1440.
Van Etten, E., Stoffels, K., Gysemans, C., Mathieu, C., Overbergh, L.,2008. Regulation of vitamin D homeostasis:implications for the immune system. Nutrition reviews 66, S125-S134.
Wiegand, B., Parrish Jr, F., Morrical, D., Huff-Lonerga, E.,2001. Feeding high levels of vitamin D3 does not improve tenderness of callipyge lamb loin chops. Journal of animal science 79, 2086-2091.
Wiegand, B., Sparks, J., Beitz, D., Parrish Jr, F., Horst, R., Trenkle, A., Ewan, R.,2002. Short-term feeding of vitamin D3 improves color but does not change tenderness of pork-loin chops. Journal of animal science 80,2116-2121.
Wilson, R.,1994. Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture 124,67-80.
Xia, L., Cheng, H., Yu, H., Guo, Y., Zhou, R.,2004. Molecular cloning and expression of the osteoclast-stimulating-factor-like gene from the rice field eel. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B:Molecular and Developmental Evolution 302,174-181.
Yang, S., Smith, C., DeLuca, H.F.,1993a. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D< sub> 3 a nd 19-nor-1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin 3< sub> 2 suppress immunoglobulin production and thymic lymphocyte proliferation in vivo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1158, 279-286.
Yang, S., Smith, C., Prahl, J., Luo, X., DeLuca, H.,1993b. Vitamin D deficiency suppresses cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 303,98-106.
Yeung, W., Chen, H., Chan, S.,1993. In vivo effects of oLH and LHRH-analog on sex reversal and plasma sex steroid profiles in the female Monopterus albus. General and comparative endocrinology 90,23-30.
Yu, S., Ao, J., Chen, X.,2010. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of MHC class Ⅱ α and β genes in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Molecular biology reports 37, 1295-1307.
Zasloff, M.,2002. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms. Nature 415,389-395.
Zasloff, M.,2006. Fighting infections with vitamin D. Nature medicine 12,388-390.
Zhang, J., Yan, Q., Ji, R., Zou, W., Guo, G.,2009. Isolation and characterization of a hepcidin peptide from the head kidney of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Fish & shellfish immunology 26,864-870.
Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Sha, Z., Liu, Z.,2006. Major histocompatibility complex class IIB allele polymorphism and its association with resistance/susceptibility to Vibrio anguillarum in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Marine biotechnology 8,600-610.
蔡辉益,张姝,1993.肉用种母鸡日粮维生素A水平对种蛋及雏鸡体内维生素A含量的影响.动物营养学报1,82-86
曹荣,王加启,卜登攀,魏宏阳,李大刚,张思维,贾磊,周凌云,雒秋江,2007.日粮添加维生素D3对围产奶牛外周血免疫球蛋白及T细胞亚群的影响.动物营养学报19,748-752.
曹志华,温小波,严书林,2011.壳聚糖对黄鳝非特异性免疫机能的影响.长江大学学报：自然科学版8,233-235.
曹志华,文华,温小波,罗静波,付斌,2009.维生素C对黄鳝非特异性免疫机能的影响.长江大学学报：农学卷5,4144.
曹玉华,2012抗菌肽及其在畜牧兽医上的应用.上海畜牧兽医通讯
程翠,曲宪成,2010.黄鳝性逆转研究进展.湖南农业科学1,121-124
储张杰,(2008)黄鳝性逆转调控途径的研究.华中农业大学.
曾端,苏平,2000.黄鳝胃和肠道的组织学研究.水产科技情报27,63-66.
曾端,叶元土,1999.黄鳝蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的研究.北京水产,30-30.
陈芳,刘百韬,1998.黄鳝配合饲料的初步研究.饲料工业19,36-37.
陈芳,杨代勤,阮国良,罗静波,2005.黄鳝配合饲料的研制及饲养试验.水利渔业25,77-78.
陈梅珍,陈炯,陆新江,史雨红,2010.香鱼hepcidin基因的克隆,序列分析及组织表达特征.动物学研究6,595-600.
陈琎,周安国,王之盛,2008.维生素D3对家畜肉质的影响.中国畜牧杂志44(19),63-66
陈鹏飞,伍莉,2001.不同外源激素促进黄鳝排卵的效果比较.四川畜牧兽医28,24-25.
陈全震,高爱根,1999.黄鳝养殖生物学的研究进展.水产科技情报26(3),115-118
陈兆聪,2011.维生素D再认识.医药导报30(5),555-559
邓洁英,周学瀛,吴勤勇,史轶蘩,1992.1,25-(OH)2D3对人垂体GH瘤细胞GH分泌的影响.中国医学科学院学报14.
丁晓飞,张青丽,郝莉,李冰燕,张增利,2010.1,25(OH)2D3对巨噬细胞吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌过程的影响.营养学报32(2),130-132
董文娟,何永涛,丛玉艳,陈玉艳,赵风立,李彪,2006.补饲维生素D3对羊肉品质的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医,90-91.
董元凯,谢家粲,楼亦工,1989.黄鳝人工繁殖的研究.水利渔业9,46-48.
董忠典,周芬娜,王慧,2011.MHC基因的遗传变异及其与鱼类抗病性研究进展.水生态学杂志
杜丽萍,毕光扬,1998.黄鳝二价体上Px基因E3外显子特异引物原位DNA合成.遗传学报25,28-33.
方平,李英文,胡炜,丁诗华,2007.黄鳝cGnRH-II的cDNA克隆与序列分析.水生生物学报3I,259-264.
郭灿灿(2008).黄鳝的网箱繁殖、孵化及仔鳝肠道产酶菌株的研究.华中农业大学
何蓝波(2010)维生素C对黄鳝生产性能,营养成分,抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响.四川农业大学,
何京,2005.我国黄鳝的养殖现状及今后发展方向.养殖与饲料
何敏,汪开毓,张宇,孙挺,2009.维生素E对斑点叉尾生长性能和消化酶活性的影响.水产学报
冯志华,刘观忠,张义明,2004.维生素D在动物营养中的应用研究.中国畜牧兽医31(8),16-17
胡火根(2009)酵母复合物对黄鳝和中华绒螯蟹免疫调节作用.华中农业大学,
霍本刚,2009.活性维生素D的再认识——多种生物学功能.肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志18(3),249-251
贾洪阁,魏时来,杨德志,马芳,韩明霞,谷大勇,史兆国,王哲宏,赵成莹,2007.日粮中25-OH-D3, VD3不同水平组合对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响.中国畜牧兽医34,10-13.
雷荣苹(2009)饲粮中添加VD3对四川山地乌骨鸡生长性能和免疫功能影响的研究.四川农业大学.
李德发,刘焕龙,2001.维生素D3对断有仔猪生长性能和免疫机能的影响.中国农业大学学报6,87-94.
李建林,俞菊华,唐永凯,曹丽萍,吴婷婷,2005.黄鳝β-肌动蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析.中国水产科学12,188-191.
李明锋,2007.黄鳝Monopterus albus(Zuiew)繁殖生物学的研究进展.现代渔业信息,
李思明(2006)鳄龟抗菌肽的分离纯化和抗菌效果研究.四川农业大学,
李思明(2009)维生素D3对丝毛鸡β-防御素诱导表达及生长免疫性能的影响.四川农业大学,
李新,2002.奶牛的维生素营养.草食家畜,38-38.
李晔,苏秀榕,李太武,宋林生,黄滨,2005.鲍血淋巴抗菌肽的研究.食品科学26,67-70.
李芝琴,吴小平(2007)鄱阳湖黄鳝生长,繁殖及遗传多样性研究.南昌大学,
罗朝晖,袁建军,黄周英,谢嘉华,廖雅芳,林秋霞,林雪平,张世伟,2008.汞、铬离子对黄鳝头肾组织结构的影响.动物学杂志43(5),120-127
刘峰,李家乐,2009.草鱼免疫因子研究进展.上海海洋大学学报18(4),502-507
刘建康,顾国彦,1951.鳝鱼性逆转时生殖腺组织的改变.水生生物学报2,85-109.
刘利,郭一清,2001.黄鳝Sox9基因的克隆及其鉴定分析.遗传学报28,535-539.
刘修业,崔同昌,王良臣,陈建春,1990.黄鳝性逆转时生殖腺的组织学与超微结构的变化.une 1,9.
吕道远,宋平,陈云贵,彭茂宇,桂建芳,2005.黄鳝性腺自然逆转过程中vasa基因的表达分析.动物学报51,469-475.
穆维同,蔡仙德,1993.1,25二羟维生素D3对人淋巴细胞免疫功能的调节作用.中国免疫学杂志9,144-146.
彭洪海(2007).鱼类抗菌肽基因的克隆与表达研究.南昌大学
彭茂宇,宋平,桂建芳,2005.黄鳝DEAD-box家族PLIO基因的克隆与序列分析.武汉大学学报(理学版)51.
彭翔,邵庆均,2010.维生素D在水产动物中的研究进展.饲料工业31,47-49.
钱荣华(2007).溶藻弧菌主要毒力相关基因的克隆、表达及其免疫原性研究.浙江大学
阮国良,杨代勤,王金龙,2006.几种中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝免疫功能和生长性能的影响.饲料工业26,34-36.
任红梅,何智,杨德英,杨光友,2011.黄鳝人工感染温和气单胞菌的组织病理学研究.水生态学杂志32(1),118-120.
舒妙安,张建成,2000.黄鳝肌肉营养成分的分析.水产学报24,339-344.
唐玲,李德发,1999.日粮中不同水平维生素D3和铜对肉仔鸡生产性能和腿病发生率的影响.饲料研究,7-9.
唐勇(2007)黄鳝抗菌活性物质的制备及其抑菌效果的研究.四川农业大学,
唐勇(2010)黄鳝肠道cDNA文库构建,EST分析及抗菌肽基因的原核表达.四川农业大学,
陶亚雄,林浩然,1994.外源激素对雄性黄鳝性类固醇激素分泌的影响.水生生物学报18,189-191.
田萍,2004.抗菌肽在畜牧生产上的应用.广东畜牧兽医科技
王典,王加启,卜登攀,周凌云,2011.绿色饲料添加剂抗菌肽的作用机理及其应用前景.中国奶牛
汪尧春,周毓平,锁守丽,1999.维生素D3及其代谢物与肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良.中国兽医杂志9,43-45.
王丹莉,罗兰,1996.不同水平维生素A,D,E日粮对肉仔鸡生长性能,胫骨软骨症及免疫机能的影响.中国饲料17,17-18.
王方雨,张世萍,2004.黄鳝生物学研究进展.水利渔业24(6),1-3
王庆,吴光辉,巩华,刘永奎,刘春,石存斌,吴淑勤,斜带石斑鱼浸泡免疫哈维氏弧菌灭活疫苗后MHC Ⅱ类分子的表达变化.广东农业科学12,136-139.
王松,储张杰,龚世园,郭灿灿,林旭光,2008.饲料中脂肪含量对黄鳝生长的影响.水利渔业.
王小慧(2008)维生素D非经典作用的初步研究.苏州大学.
王彦(2008)不同体色黄鳝子代体色变化及某些生物学特性的初步研究.华中农业大学.
隗黎丽,张世萍,2003.黄鳝性腺发育的研究概况.河北渔业6,6-9
伍莉,陈鹏飞,2002.黄鳝肠道和肝胰脏主要消化酶活力的研究.湖北农学院学报22,36-39.
夏兆飞,1996.维生素D研究进展.中国兽医杂志11,54-55
肖亚梅,刘筠,1995.黄鳝由间性发育转变为雄性发育的细胞生物学研究.水产学报19,297-304.
肖志猛(2006)象山港微生物生物量分布及多糖对黄鳝免疫力的影响.华中农业大学,
谢嘉华,袁建军,2010.汞离子及铬离子对黄鳝脾免疫细胞的影响.动物学杂志45(6),113-119
徐海圣,舒妙安,2003.黄鳝温和气单胞菌病病原的分离鉴定及免疫应答.兽医大学学报23,240-242.
许洁,陈威,艾春香,2011.黄鳝的营养需求研究及其配合饲料质量评价.饲料工业32(4),34-38
许勤智(2008)黄鳝抗菌肽的制备及其粗提物对黄鳝出血病保护作用的初步研究.四川农业大学
徐兴川,2001.我国黄鳝养殖现状与发展趋势.科学养鱼8,3-5
杨代勤,陈芳,2000.黄鳝的营养素需要量及饲料最适能量蛋白比.水产学报24,259-262.
杨代勤,陈芳,李道霞,刘百韬,1997.黄鳝食性的初步研究.水生生物学报1.
杨代勤,陈芳,阮国良,2006.饲料中添加胆碱对黄鳝生长,组织脂肪含量及消化酶活性的影响.水产学报30,676-682.
杨代勤,严安生,陈芳,2002.几种氨基酸及香味物质对黄鳝诱食活性的初步研究.水生生物学报26,205-208.
杨代淑,郝广勤,1993.黄鳝和几种鲤科鱼肌肉氨基酸含量.氨基酸和生物资源4,18-19.
杨惠夷,张利红,张为民,张扬,2005.黄鳝促性腺激素释放激素受体的cDNA克隆.第二届中国动物学会比较内分泌学分会和发育生物学分会联合学术研讨会论文集.
杨鸢劼,邴旭文,徐增洪,2008.不饱和脂肪酸对黄鳝部分非特异性免疫和代谢指标的影响.中国水产科学15,600-605.
姚泰(2010)生理学.人民卫生出版社,
于辉,李波,李华,郭照良,2007.鱼类主要组织相容性MHCⅡ类基因的研究进展.中国水产科学14,336-342.
余红仕(2003).性别发育基因P450c17、DMY和Dmrt1的克隆、表达及选择性剪接研究.武汉大学
袁汉文,杨代勤,2007.卵磷脂对黄鳝生长及肝脏与肌肉脂肪含量的影响.水利渔业27,102-103.
赵红娟,李华,于辉,王继文,2010.鱼类MHC Ⅱ类基因与免疫抗性的研究进展.水生态学杂志3(5),111-115
朱建军,王安平,田科雄,张炳坤,2009.维生素D3的生物学功能及应用.饲料研究6,38-42
张国辉(2005)饲料蛋白质水平和维生素E对黄鳝繁殖性能影响研究[D].武汉：华中农业大学,
张龚炜,周定刚,雷荣苹,黎德兵,2009.1,25-(0H)_2-D_3对抗菌肽表达调控的影响中国畜牧杂志
张海琴(2006)维生素A,D对肉鸡生长,免疫,钙磷代谢的影响及其交互作用的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,
张淑云,王安,2010.钙和维生素D对生长肉鸡免疫及抗氧化功能的影响.动物营养学报22,579-585.
张桐(2011).饲料中添加不同水平维生素D-3对松浦镜鲤幼鱼影响的研究.上海海洋大学
张桐,徐奇友,2010.鱼类对维生素D需要量的研究进展.饲料研究11.张为民,寿建斐,张利红,张扬,2005.黄鳝垂体促性腺激素基因的克隆及其表达分析.第二届中国动物学会比较内分泌学分会和发育生物学分会联合学术研讨会论文集.
张晓巩,方超,白卉,周颖,侯征,2011.抗菌肽作用机制的研究进展.生理科学进展42(1),11-13.
张训蒲,熊传喜,黎会平,1993.黄鳝造血器官的组织学观察.华中农业大学学报12(3),285-288
张彦(2010)MHC Ⅱ类分子在鲤鱼黏膜免疫中的作用.山东师范大学,
张玉喜(2006)重要海水养殖鱼类MHC Ⅱ基因克隆,表达及多态性分析[D].中国海洋大学,
张玉喜,陈松林,2006.牙鲆MHC class ⅡB基因多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析.水产学报30,633-639.
周定刚,谭永洪,付天佑,1992.黄鳝卵巢发育的研究.水生生物学报16,361-367.
周芳(2009).黄鳝AR基因的克隆、表达及其蛋白的核质穿梭.武汉大学
周光炎(2007)免疫学原理.上海科学技术出版社,
周学瀛,1998.维生素D研究进展.基础医学与临床18(6),15-19
周燕侠(2005)黄鳝的人工繁殖技术研究.南京农业大学
朱建军,王安平,田科雄,张炳坤,2009.维生素D-3的生物学功能及应用.饲料研究
朱有法,舒妙安,2002.黄鳝消化道的组织学与组织化学研究.中国兽医学报22,256-259.
邹记兴,1996.黄鳝(Monopterus albus)的人繁技术及胚胎发育.水产科技情报23,27-30.
邹黎黎(2008).暹罗鳄(Crocodylus siamensis)组织细胞中抗菌活性物质的提取与效果研究.西南大学
Andrews, J.W., Murai, T., Page, J.W.,1980. Effects of dietary cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol on catfish. Aquaculture 19,49-54.
Bao, B., Peatman, E., Xu, P., Li, P., Zeng, H., He, C., Liu, Z.,2006. The catfish liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) gene is expressed in a wide range of tissues and developmentally regulated. Molecular immunology 43,367-377.
Brown, P.B., Robinson, E.H.,1992. Vitamin D studies with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reared in calcium-free water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology 103, 213-219.
Cardwell, T., Sheffer, R., Hedrick, P.,2001. MHC variation and tissue transplantation in fish. Journal of Heredity 92,305-308.
Chan, S., Tang, F., Lofts, B.,1972. Biopsy studies on the natural sex reversal in Monopterus albus (Pisces:Teleostei). Journal of Zoology 167,415-421.
Chen, S., Sims, G.P., Chen, X.X., Gu, Y.Y., Lipsky, P.E.,2007a. Modulatory effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. The Journal of Immunology 179, 1634-1647.
Chen, S.L., Li, W., Meng, L., Sha, Z.X., Wang, Z.J., Ren, G.C.,2007b. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a hepcidin antimicrobial peptide gene from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish & shellfish immunology 22,172-181.
Chen, S.L., Xu, M.Y., Hu, S.N., Li, L.,2004. Analysis of immune-relevant genes expressed in red sea bream (< i> Chrysophrys major) spleen. Aquaculture 240,115-130.
Chen, S.L., Xu, M.Y., Ji, X.S., Yu, G.C., Liu, Y.,2005. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of hepcidin gene from red sea bream (Chrysophrys major). Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 49,1608-1612.
Cho, J.H., Park, I.Y., Kim, H.S., Lee, W.T., Kim, M.S., Kim, S.C.,2002. Cathepsin D produces antimicrobial peptide parasin I from histone H2A in the skin mucosa of fish. The FASEB Journal 16,429-431.
Choi, W., Lee, E.Y., Choi, T.J.,2006. Cloning and sequence analysis of the [beta] 2-microglobulin transcript from flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous. Molecular immunology 43,1565-1572.
Croisetiere, S., Tarte, P.D., Bernatchez, L., Belhumeur, P.,2008. Identification of MHC class Ⅱβ resistance/susceptibility alleles to< i> Aeromonas salmonicida in brook charr (< i> Salvelinus fontinalis). Molecular immunology 45,3107-3116.
Cuesta, A., Angeles Esteban, M., Meseguer, J.,2006. Cloning, distribution and up-regulation of the teleost fish MHC class Ⅱ alpha suggests a role for granulocytes as antigen-presenting cells. Molecular immunology 43,1275-1285.
Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., Esteban, M.,2007. Cloning and regulation of the major histocompatibility class I alpha gene in the teleost fish gilthead seabream. Fish & shellfish immunology 22,718.
Douglas, S., Gallant, J., Gong, Z., Hew, C.,2001. Cloning and developmental expression of a family of pleurocidin-like antimicrobial peptides from winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 25,137-147.
Douglas, S.E., Gallant, J.W., Liebscher, R.S., Dacanay, A., Tsoi, S.,2003. Identification and expression analysis of hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides in bony fish. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 27,589-601.
Driver, J., Atencio, A., Pesti, G., Edwards Jr, H., Bakalli, R.,2006. The effect of maternal dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on performance and tibial dyschondroplasia of broiler chicks. Poultry science 85,39-47.
Dusso, A.S., Brown, A.J.,2009. Vitamin D:molecular biology and gene regulation. Textbook of Nephro-Endocrinology. CA, USA:Elsevier,69-93.
Ebran, N., Julien, S., Orange, N., Saglio, P., Lemai□tre, C., Molle, G.,1999. Pore-forming properties and antibacterial activity of proteins extracted from epidermal mucus of fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology 122,181-189.
Enright, K., Anderson, B., Ellis, M., McKeith, F., Berger, L., Baker, D.,1998. The effects of feeding high levels of vitamin D3 on pork quality. J. Anim. Sci 76,149.
Forman, J.P., Williams, J.S., Fisher, N.D.L.,2010. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in humans. Hypertension 55,1283-1288.
Froy, O.,2005. Microreview:Regulation of mammalian defensin expression by Toll-like receptor-dependent and independent signalling pathways. Cellular microbiology 7, 1387-1397.
Fujiki, K., Booman, M., Chin-Dixon, E., Dixon, B.,2001. Cloning and characterization of cDNA clones encoding membrane-bound and potentially secreted major histocompatibility class I receptors from walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Immunogenetics 53,760-769.
Gedlicka, C., Hager, G, Weissenbock, M., Gedlicka, W., Knerer, B., Kornfehl, J., Formanek, M.,2006. 1,25 (OH) 2Vitamin D3 induces elevated expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p18 in a squamous cell carcinoma cell line of the head and neck. Journal of oral pathology & medicine 35,472-478.
Godwin, U.B., Antao, A., Wilson, M.R., Gregory Chinchar, V., Miller, N.W., William Clem, L., McConnell, T.J.,1997. MHC class II B genes in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 21,13-23.
Graff, I., H(?)ie, S., Totland, G., Lie,(?).,2002. Three different levels of dietary vitamin D3 fed to first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.):effect on growth, mortality, calcium content and bone formation. Aquaculture Nutrition 8,103-111.
Guan, R., Zhou, L., Cui, G., Feng, X.,1996. Studies on the artificial propagation of Monopterus albus (Zuiew). Aquaculture Research 27,587-596.
Hancock, R.E.W., Lehrer, R.,1998. Cationic peptides:a new source of antibiotics. Trends in biotechnology 16,82-88.
Hansen, J.D., Strassburger, P., Du Pasquier, L.,1996. Conservation of an alpha 2 domain within the teleostean world, MHC class I from the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 20,417-425.
Hodnett, D., Jorgensen, N., Deluca, H.,1992.1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 plus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 reduces parturient paresis in dairy cows fed high dietary calcium. Journal of dairy science 75, 485.
Hu, X., Camus, A.C., Aono, S., Morrison, E.E., Dennis, J., Nusbaum, K.E., Judd, R.L., Shi, J.,2007. Channel catfish hepcidin expression in infection and anemia. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 30,55-69.
Huang, X., Zhou, R., Liu, L., Cheng, H., Guo, Y., Yu, Q.,2000. Chromosome assignments of the rice field eel Sox9 and Sox17 genes. Aquaculture International 7,393-397.
Jensen, S.S., Madsen, M.W., Lukas, J., Binderup, L., Bartek, J.,2001. Inhibitory effects of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the G1-S phase-controlling machinery. Molecular Endocrinology 15,1370-1380.
Kj(?)glum, S., Larsen, S., Bakke, H., Grimholt, U.,2008. The effect of specific MHC class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ combinations on resistance to furunculosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 67,160-168.
Koohmaraie, M., Babiker, A., Schroeder, A., Merkel, R., Dutson, T.,1988. Acceleration of postmortem tenderization in ovine carcasses through activation of Ca2+-dependent proteases. Journal of Food Science 53,1638-1641.
Koppang, E., Lundin, M., Press, C.M.L., R(?)nningen, K., Lie,(?).,1998. Differing levels of Mhc class Ⅱ [beta] chain expression in a range of tissues from vaccinated and non-vaccinated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Fish & shellfish immunology 8,183-196.
Krause, A., Neitz, S., Magert, H.J., Schulz, A., Forssmann, W.G, Schulz-Knappe, P., Adermann, K., 2000. LEAP-1, a novel highly disulfide-bonded human peptide, exhibits antimicrobial activity. FEBS letters 480,147-150.
Lal, H., Pandey, R., Aggarwal, S.,1999. Vitamin D:Non-skeletal actions and effects on growth. Nutrition research 19,1683-1718.
Lauth, X., Babon, J.J., Stannard, J.A., Singh, S., Nizet, V, Carlberg, J.M., Ostland, V.E., Pennington, M.W., Norton, R.S., Westerman, M.E.,2005. Bass hepcidin synthesis, solution structure, antimicrobial activities and synergism, and in vivo hepatic response to bacterial infections. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280,9272-9282.
Lehrer, R.I., Ganz, T.,2002. Defensins of vertebrate animals. Current opinion in immunology 14, 96-102.
Liem, K.F.,1963. Sex reversal as a natural process in the synbranchiform fish Monopterus albus. Copeia,303-312.
Liu, J.F., Guiguen, Y., Liu, S.J.,2009. Aromatase (P450arom) and 11 (3-hydroxylase (P45011(3) genes are differentially expressed during the sex change process of the protogynous rice field eel, monopterus albus. Fish physiology and biochemistry 35,511-518.
Liu, P.T., Stenger, S., Tang, D.H., Modlin, R.L.,2007. Cutting edge:vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on the induction of cathelicidin. The Journal of Immunology 179,2060-2063.
Maalouf, N.M.,2008. The noncalciotropic actions of vitamin D:recent clinical developments. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 17,408.
Manolagas, S.C., Hustmyer, F., XIAO-PENG, Y.,1990. Immunomodulating properties of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Kidney international. Supplement 38, S9-S16.
Marques, C.D.L., Dantas, A.T., Fragoso, T.S., Duarte, A.L.B.P.,2010. The importance of vitamin D levels in autoimmune diseases. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 50,67-80.
Masuda, S., Jones, G.,2006. Promise of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of hyperproliferative conditions. Molecular cancer therapeutics 5,797.
Montgomery, J., Carr, M., Kerth, C., Hilton, G., Price, B., Galyean, M., Horst, R., Miller, M.,2002. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation level on the postmortem tenderization of beef from steers. Journal of animal science 80,971-981.
Montgomery, J., Parrish Jr, F., Beitz, D., Horst, R., Huff-Lonergan, E., Trenkle, A.,2000. The use of vitamin D3 to improve beef tenderness. Journal of animal science 78,2615-2621.
Murray, B.W., Shintani, S.,Sultmann, H., Klein, J.,2000. Major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ A genes in cichlid fishes:identification, expression, linkage relationships, and haplotype variation. Immunogenetics 51,576-586.
Nicolas, G., Bennoun, M., Devaux, I., Beaumont, C., Grandchamp, B., Kahn, A., Vaulont, S.,2001. From the Cover:Lack of hepcidin gene expression and severe tissue iron overload in upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) knockout mice. Science's STKE 98,8780.
Noga, E., Fan, Z., Silphaduang, U.,2001. Histone-like proteins from fish are lethal to the parasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum. Parasitology 123,57-65.
Oren, Z., Shai, Y.,1996. A Class of Highly Potent Antibacterial Peptides Derived from Pardaxin, A Pore-Forming Peptide Isolated from Moses Sole Fish Pardachirus marmoratus. European Journal of Biochemistry 237,303-310.
Panichi, V., Migliori, M., Taccola, D., Consani, C., Giovannini, L.,2003. Effects of calcitriol on the immune system:new possibilities in the treatment of glomerulonephritis. Clinical and Experimental pharmacology and Physiology 30,807-811.
Park, C.H., Valore, E.V., Waring, A.J., Ganz, T.,2001. Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276,7806-7810.
Pike, J., Parker, J.B., Haussler, M.R., Boass, A., Toverud, S.,1979. Dynamic changes in circulating 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D during reproduction in rats. Science 204,1427.
Pouny, Y., Rapaport, D., Mor, A., Nicolas, P., Shai, Y,1992. Interaction of antimicrobial dermaseptin and its fluorescently labeled analogs with phospholipid membranes. Biochemistry 31, 12416-12423.
Quarterman, J., Dalgarno, A., Adam, A., Fell, B., Boyne, R.,1964. The distribution of vitamin D between the blood and the liver in the pig, and observations on the pathology of vitamin D toxicity. British Journal of Nutrition 18,65-77.
Rodrigues, P.N.S., Hermsen, T.T., Rombout, J.H.W.M., Egberts, E., Stet, R.J.M.,1995. Detection of MHC class II transcripts in lymphoid tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 19,483-496.
Rodrigues, P.N.S., Vazquez-Dorado, S., Neves, J.V., Wilson, J.M.,2006. Dual function of fish hepcidin: response to experimental iron overload and bacterial infection in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 30,1156-1167.
Sultmann, H., Mayer, WE., Figueroa, F., O'hUigin, C., Klein, J.,1993. Zebrafish Mhc class Ⅱ a chain-encoding genes:polymorphism, expression, and function. Immunogenetics 38,408-420.
Samuel, S., Sitrin, M.D.,2008. Vitamin D's role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Nutrition reviews 66, S116-S124.
Scanga, J., Belk, K., Tatum, J., Smith, G.,2001. Supranutritional oral supplementation with vitamin D3 and calcium and the effects on beef tenderness. Journal of animal science 79,912-918.
Sergeev, I.,2004. Calcium as a mediator of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced apoptosis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 89,419-425.
Shahsavarani, A., McNeill, B., Galvez, F., Wood, C., Goss, G., Hwang, P.P., Perry, S.,2006. Characterization of a branchial epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Experimental Biology 209,1928-1943.
Shapiro, D.Y.,1992. Plasticity of gonadal development and protandry in fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology 261,194-203.
Shike, H., Lauth, X., Westerman, M.E., Ostland, V.E., Carlberg, J.M., Van Olst, J.C., Shimizu, C., Bulet, P., Burns, J.C.,2002. Bass hepcidin is a novel antimicrobial peptide induced by bacterial challenge. European Journal of Biochemistry 269,2232-2237.
Shike, H., Shimizu, C., Lauth, X., Burns, J.C.,2004. Organization and expression analysis of the zebrafish hepcidin gene, an antimicrobial peptide gene conserved among vertebrates. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 28,747-754.
Silphaduang, U., Noga, E.J.,2001. Antimicrobials:peptide antibiotics in mast cells of fish. Nature 414, 268-269.
Silver, J., Kilav, R., Sela-Brown, A., Naveh-Many, T.,2000. Molecular mechanisms of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Pediatric Nephrology 14,626-628.
Solstad, T., Larsen, A.N., Seppola, M., J(?)rgensen, T.(?).,2008. Identification, cloning and expression analysis of a hepcidin cDNA of the Atlantic cod (< i> Gadus morhua L.). Fish & shellfish immunology 25,298-310.
Swanek, S., Morgan, J., Owens, F., Gill, D., Strasia, C., Dolezal, H., Ray, F.,1999. Vitamin D3 supplementation of beef steers increases longissimus tenderness. Journal of animal science 77, 874-881.
Tomaschitz, A., Pilz, S., Ritz, E., Grammer, T., Drechsler, C., Boehm, B.O., Marz, W.,2010. Independent association between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D,25-hydroxyvitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system:the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study. Clinica Chimica Acta 411,1354-1360.
Tsoukas, C.D., Provvedini, D.M., Manolagas, S.C.,1984.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3:a novel immunoregulatory hormone. Science 224,1438-1440.
Van Etten, E., Stoffels, K., Gysemans, C., Mathieu, C., Overbergh, L.,2008. Regulation of vitamin D homeostasis:implications for the immune system. Nutrition reviews 66, S125-S134.
Wiegand, B., Parrish Jr, F., Morrical, D., Huff-Lonerga, E.,2001. Feeding high levels of vitamin D3 does not improve tenderness of callipyge lamb loin chops. Journal of animal science 79, 2086-2091.
Wiegand, B., Sparks, J., Beitz, D., Parrish Jr, F., Horst, R., Trenkle, A., Ewan, R.,2002. Short-term feeding of vitamin D3 improves color but does not change tenderness of pork-loin chops. Journal of animal science 80,2116-2121.
Wilson, R.,1994. Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture 124,67-80.
Xia, L., Cheng, H., Yu, H., Guo, Y., Zhou, R.,2004. Molecular cloning and expression of the osteoclast-stimulating-factor-like gene from the rice field eel. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B:Molecular and Developmental Evolution 302,174-181.
Yang, S., Smith, C., DeLuca, H.F.,1993a. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D< sub> 3 a nd 19-nor-1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin 3< sub> 2 suppress immunoglobulin production and thymic lymphocyte proliferation in vivo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1158, 279-286.
Yang, S., Smith, C., Prahl, J., Luo, X., DeLuca, H.,1993b. Vitamin D deficiency suppresses cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 303,98-106.
Yeung, W., Chen, H., Chan, S.,1993. In vivo effects of oLH and LHRH-analog on sex reversal and plasma sex steroid profiles in the female Monopterus albus. General and comparative endocrinology 90,23-30.
Yu, S., Ao, J., Chen, X.,2010. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of MHC class Ⅱ α and β genes in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Molecular biology reports 37, 1295-1307.
Zasloff, M.,2002. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms. Nature 415,389-395.
Zasloff, M.,2006. Fighting infections with vitamin D. Nature medicine 12,388-390.
Zhang, J., Yan, Q., Ji, R., Zou, W., Guo, G.,2009. Isolation and characterization of a hepcidin peptide from the head kidney of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Fish & shellfish immunology 26,864-870.
Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Sha, Z., Liu, Z.,2006. Major histocompatibility complex class IIB allele polymorphism and its association with resistance/susceptibility to Vibrio anguillarum in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Marine biotechnology 8,600-610.
蔡辉益,张姝,1993.肉用种母鸡日粮维生素A水平对种蛋及雏鸡体内维生素A含量的影响.动物营养学报1,82-86
曹荣,王加启,卜登攀,魏宏阳,李大刚,张思维,贾磊,周凌云,雒秋江,2007.日粮添加维生素D3对围产奶牛外周血免疫球蛋白及T细胞亚群的影响.动物营养学报19,748-752.
曹志华,温小波,严书林,2011.壳聚糖对黄鳝非特异性免疫机能的影响.长江大学学报：自然科学版8,233-235.
曹志华,文华,温小波,罗静波,付斌,2009.维生素C对黄鳝非特异性免疫机能的影响.长江大学学报：农学卷5,4144.
曹玉华,2012抗菌肽及其在畜牧兽医上的应用.上海畜牧兽医通讯
程翠,曲宪成,2010.黄鳝性逆转研究进展.湖南农业科学1,121-124
储张杰,(2008)黄鳝性逆转调控途径的研究.华中农业大学.
曾端,苏平,2000.黄鳝胃和肠道的组织学研究.水产科技情报27,63-66.
曾端,叶元土,1999.黄鳝蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的研究.北京水产,30-30.
陈芳,刘百韬,1998.黄鳝配合饲料的初步研究.饲料工业19,36-37.
陈芳,杨代勤,阮国良,罗静波,2005.黄鳝配合饲料的研制及饲养试验.水利渔业25,77-78.
陈梅珍,陈炯,陆新江,史雨红,2010.香鱼hepcidin基因的克隆,序列分析及组织表达特征.动物学研究6,595-600.
陈琎,周安国,王之盛,2008.维生素D3对家畜肉质的影响.中国畜牧杂志44(19),63-66
陈鹏飞,伍莉,2001.不同外源激素促进黄鳝排卵的效果比较.四川畜牧兽医28,24-25.
陈全震,高爱根,1999.黄鳝养殖生物学的研究进展.水产科技情报26(3),115-118
陈兆聪,2011.维生素D再认识.医药导报30(5),555-559
邓洁英,周学瀛,吴勤勇,史轶蘩,1992.1,25-(OH)2D3对人垂体GH瘤细胞GH分泌的影响.中国医学科学院学报14.
丁晓飞,张青丽,郝莉,李冰燕,张增利,2010.1,25(OH)2D3对巨噬细胞吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌过程的影响.营养学报32(2),130-132
董文娟,何永涛,丛玉艳,陈玉艳,赵风立,李彪,2006.补饲维生素D3对羊肉品质的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医,90-91.
董元凯,谢家粲,楼亦工,1989.黄鳝人工繁殖的研究.水利渔业9,46-48.
董忠典,周芬娜,王慧,2011.MHC基因的遗传变异及其与鱼类抗病性研究进展.水生态学杂志
杜丽萍,毕光扬,1998.黄鳝二价体上Px基因E3外显子特异引物原位DNA合成.遗传学报25,28-33.
方平,李英文,胡炜,丁诗华,2007.黄鳝cGnRH-II的cDNA克隆与序列分析.水生生物学报3I,259-264.
郭灿灿(2008).黄鳝的网箱繁殖、孵化及仔鳝肠道产酶菌株的研究.华中农业大学
何蓝波(2010)维生素C对黄鳝生产性能,营养成分,抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响.四川农业大学,
何京,2005.我国黄鳝的养殖现状及今后发展方向.养殖与饲料
何敏,汪开毓,张宇,孙挺,2009.维生素E对斑点叉尾生长性能和消化酶活性的影响.水产学报
冯志华,刘观忠,张义明,2004.维生素D在动物营养中的应用研究.中国畜牧兽医31(8),16-17
胡火根(2009)酵母复合物对黄鳝和中华绒螯蟹免疫调节作用.华中农业大学,
霍本刚,2009.活性维生素D的再认识——多种生物学功能.肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志18(3),249-251
贾洪阁,魏时来,杨德志,马芳,韩明霞,谷大勇,史兆国,王哲宏,赵成莹,2007.日粮中25-OH-D3, VD3不同水平组合对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响.中国畜牧兽医34,10-13.
雷荣苹(2009)饲粮中添加VD3对四川山地乌骨鸡生长性能和免疫功能影响的研究.四川农业大学.
李德发,刘焕龙,2001.维生素D3对断有仔猪生长性能和免疫机能的影响.中国农业大学学报6,87-94.
李建林,俞菊华,唐永凯,曹丽萍,吴婷婷,2005.黄鳝β-肌动蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析.中国水产科学12,188-191.
李明锋,2007.黄鳝Monopterus albus(Zuiew)繁殖生物学的研究进展.现代渔业信息,
李思明(2006)鳄龟抗菌肽的分离纯化和抗菌效果研究.四川农业大学,
李思明(2009)维生素D3对丝毛鸡β-防御素诱导表达及生长免疫性能的影响.四川农业大学,
李新,2002.奶牛的维生素营养.草食家畜,38-38.
李晔,苏秀榕,李太武,宋林生,黄滨,2005.鲍血淋巴抗菌肽的研究.食品科学26,67-70.
李芝琴,吴小平(2007)鄱阳湖黄鳝生长,繁殖及遗传多样性研究.南昌大学,
罗朝晖,袁建军,黄周英,谢嘉华,廖雅芳,林秋霞,林雪平,张世伟,2008.汞、铬离子对黄鳝头肾组织结构的影响.动物学杂志43(5),120-127
刘峰,李家乐,2009.草鱼免疫因子研究进展.上海海洋大学学报18(4),502-507
刘建康,顾国彦,1951.鳝鱼性逆转时生殖腺组织的改变.水生生物学报2,85-109.
刘利,郭一清,2001.黄鳝Sox9基因的克隆及其鉴定分析.遗传学报28,535-539.
刘修业,崔同昌,王良臣,陈建春,1990.黄鳝性逆转时生殖腺的组织学与超微结构的变化.une 1,9.
吕道远,宋平,陈云贵,彭茂宇,桂建芳,2005.黄鳝性腺自然逆转过程中vasa基因的表达分析.动物学报51,469-475.
穆维同,蔡仙德,1993.1,25二羟维生素D3对人淋巴细胞免疫功能的调节作用.中国免疫学杂志9,144-146.
彭洪海(2007).鱼类抗菌肽基因的克隆与表达研究.南昌大学
彭茂宇,宋平,桂建芳,2005.黄鳝DEAD-box家族PLIO基因的克隆与序列分析.武汉大学学报(理学版)51.
彭翔,邵庆均,2010.维生素D在水产动物中的研究进展.饲料工业31,47-49.
钱荣华(2007).溶藻弧菌主要毒力相关基因的克隆、表达及其免疫原性研究.浙江大学
阮国良,杨代勤,王金龙,2006.几种中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝免疫功能和生长性能的影响.饲料工业26,34-36.
任红梅,何智,杨德英,杨光友,2011.黄鳝人工感染温和气单胞菌的组织病理学研究.水生态学杂志32(1),118-120.
舒妙安,张建成,2000.黄鳝肌肉营养成分的分析.水产学报24,339-344.
唐玲,李德发,1999.日粮中不同水平维生素D3和铜对肉仔鸡生产性能和腿病发生率的影响.饲料研究,7-9.
唐勇(2007)黄鳝抗菌活性物质的制备及其抑菌效果的研究.四川农业大学,
唐勇(2010)黄鳝肠道cDNA文库构建,EST分析及抗菌肽基因的原核表达.四川农业大学,
陶亚雄,林浩然,1994.外源激素对雄性黄鳝性类固醇激素分泌的影响.水生生物学报18,189-191.
田萍,2004.抗菌肽在畜牧生产上的应用.广东畜牧兽医科技
王典,王加启,卜登攀,周凌云,2011.绿色饲料添加剂抗菌肽的作用机理及其应用前景.中国奶牛
汪尧春,周毓平,锁守丽,1999.维生素D3及其代谢物与肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良.中国兽医杂志9,43-45.
王丹莉,罗兰,1996.不同水平维生素A,D,E日粮对肉仔鸡生长性能,胫骨软骨症及免疫机能的影响.中国饲料17,17-18.
王方雨,张世萍,2004.黄鳝生物学研究进展.水利渔业24(6),1-3
王庆,吴光辉,巩华,刘永奎,刘春,石存斌,吴淑勤,斜带石斑鱼浸泡免疫哈维氏弧菌灭活疫苗后MHC Ⅱ类分子的表达变化.广东农业科学12,136-139.
王松,储张杰,龚世园,郭灿灿,林旭光,2008.饲料中脂肪含量对黄鳝生长的影响.水利渔业.
王小慧(2008)维生素D非经典作用的初步研究.苏州大学.
王彦(2008)不同体色黄鳝子代体色变化及某些生物学特性的初步研究.华中农业大学.
隗黎丽,张世萍,2003.黄鳝性腺发育的研究概况.河北渔业6,6-9
伍莉,陈鹏飞,2002.黄鳝肠道和肝胰脏主要消化酶活力的研究.湖北农学院学报22,36-39.
夏兆飞,1996.维生素D研究进展.中国兽医杂志11,54-55
肖亚梅,刘筠,1995.黄鳝由间性发育转变为雄性发育的细胞生物学研究.水产学报19,297-304.
肖志猛(2006)象山港微生物生物量分布及多糖对黄鳝免疫力的影响.华中农业大学,
谢嘉华,袁建军,2010.汞离子及铬离子对黄鳝脾免疫细胞的影响.动物学杂志45(6),113-119
徐海圣,舒妙安,2003.黄鳝温和气单胞菌病病原的分离鉴定及免疫应答.兽医大学学报23,240-242.
许洁,陈威,艾春香,2011.黄鳝的营养需求研究及其配合饲料质量评价.饲料工业32(4),34-38
许勤智(2008)黄鳝抗菌肽的制备及其粗提物对黄鳝出血病保护作用的初步研究.四川农业大学
徐兴川,2001.我国黄鳝养殖现状与发展趋势.科学养鱼8,3-5
杨代勤,陈芳,2000.黄鳝的营养素需要量及饲料最适能量蛋白比.水产学报24,259-262.
杨代勤,陈芳,李道霞,刘百韬,1997.黄鳝食性的初步研究.水生生物学报1.
杨代勤,陈芳,阮国良,2006.饲料中添加胆碱对黄鳝生长,组织脂肪含量及消化酶活性的影响.水产学报30,676-682.
杨代勤,严安生,陈芳,2002.几种氨基酸及香味物质对黄鳝诱食活性的初步研究.水生生物学报26,205-208.
杨代淑,郝广勤,1993.黄鳝和几种鲤科鱼肌肉氨基酸含量.氨基酸和生物资源4,18-19.
杨惠夷,张利红,张为民,张扬,2005.黄鳝促性腺激素释放激素受体的cDNA克隆.第二届中国动物学会比较内分泌学分会和发育生物学分会联合学术研讨会论文集.
杨鸢劼,邴旭文,徐增洪,2008.不饱和脂肪酸对黄鳝部分非特异性免疫和代谢指标的影响.中国水产科学15,600-605.
姚泰(2010)生理学.人民卫生出版社,
于辉,李波,李华,郭照良,2007.鱼类主要组织相容性MHCⅡ类基因的研究进展.中国水产科学14,336-342.
余红仕(2003).性别发育基因P450c17、DMY和Dmrt1的克隆、表达及选择性剪接研究.武汉大学
袁汉文,杨代勤,2007.卵磷脂对黄鳝生长及肝脏与肌肉脂肪含量的影响.水利渔业27,102-103.
赵红娟,李华,于辉,王继文,2010.鱼类MHC Ⅱ类基因与免疫抗性的研究进展.水生态学杂志3(5),111-115
朱建军,王安平,田科雄,张炳坤,2009.维生素D3的生物学功能及应用.饲料研究6,38-42
张国辉(2005)饲料蛋白质水平和维生素E对黄鳝繁殖性能影响研究[D].武汉：华中农业大学,
张龚炜,周定刚,雷荣苹,黎德兵,2009.1,25-(0H)_2-D_3对抗菌肽表达调控的影响中国畜牧杂志
张海琴(2006)维生素A,D对肉鸡生长,免疫,钙磷代谢的影响及其交互作用的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,
张淑云,王安,2010.钙和维生素D对生长肉鸡免疫及抗氧化功能的影响.动物营养学报22,579-585.
张桐(2011).饲料中添加不同水平维生素D-3对松浦镜鲤幼鱼影响的研究.上海海洋大学
张桐,徐奇友,2010.鱼类对维生素D需要量的研究进展.饲料研究11.张为民,寿建斐,张利红,张扬,2005.黄鳝垂体促性腺激素基因的克隆及其表达分析.第二届中国动物学会比较内分泌学分会和发育生物学分会联合学术研讨会论文集.
张晓巩,方超,白卉,周颖,侯征,2011.抗菌肽作用机制的研究进展.生理科学进展42(1),11-13.
张训蒲,熊传喜,黎会平,1993.黄鳝造血器官的组织学观察.华中农业大学学报12(3),285-288
张彦(2010)MHC Ⅱ类分子在鲤鱼黏膜免疫中的作用.山东师范大学,
张玉喜(2006)重要海水养殖鱼类MHC Ⅱ基因克隆,表达及多态性分析[D].中国海洋大学,
张玉喜,陈松林,2006.牙鲆MHC class ⅡB基因多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析.水产学报30,633-639.
周定刚,谭永洪,付天佑,1992.黄鳝卵巢发育的研究.水生生物学报16,361-367.
周芳(2009).黄鳝AR基因的克隆、表达及其蛋白的核质穿梭.武汉大学
周光炎(2007)免疫学原理.上海科学技术出版社,
周学瀛,1998.维生素D研究进展.基础医学与临床18(6),15-19
周燕侠(2005)黄鳝的人工繁殖技术研究.南京农业大学
朱建军,王安平,田科雄,张炳坤,2009.维生素D-3的生物学功能及应用.饲料研究
朱有法,舒妙安,2002.黄鳝消化道的组织学与组织化学研究.中国兽医学报22,256-259.
邹记兴,1996.黄鳝(Monopterus albus)的人繁技术及胚胎发育.水产科技情报23,27-30.
邹黎黎(2008).暹罗鳄(Crocodylus siamensis)组织细胞中抗菌活性物质的提取与效果研究.西南大学
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |