永磁开关磁链直线电机研究
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摘要
永磁开关磁链直线电机(PMFSLM)结合了永磁开关磁链(PMFS)旋转电机和永磁直线电机的双重特点,其永磁体和绕组均置于较短的动子侧,而定子仅有凸极形式的硅钢片构成,结构简单可靠、推力密度高,在应用于诸如轨道交通推进系统等长行程驱动时具有非常突出的成本优势,前景广阔,值得深入研究。
本文首先简单介绍永磁直线电机的基本概况,较为详细介绍了与PMFS电机相关的双凸极永磁电机的研究发展概况,综述了国内外的相关研究情况,针对永磁开关磁链直线电机研究具体开展了以下一些工作,获得了一些较有价值的成果：
首先,本文讨论分析了PMFSLM设计中非常关键的动子齿数与定子极数的配合关系对电机性能的影响；推导了PMFSLM的数学模型并建立dq坐标下的电机方程。并以轨道交通推进系统为应用背景,比较分析PMFSLM与传统永磁直线电机的特点；再以6/7极结构PMFSLM为例,详细分析了电机的性能表现。
接着,提出一种在PMFSLM端部增加综合辅助齿的方法来减小磁阻力,本质上也属于改变动子长度法来减小磁阻力。对比分析了独立辅助齿和综合辅助齿的效果,独立辅助齿只能减小磁阻力,而综合辅助齿对磁阻力以外的其他性能也有改善,效果明显。
然后,为了更好地分析PMFSLM磁阻力,本文提出一种基于旋转电机模型的磁阻力分量的分离方法,通过将直线电机转换成等效的有槽式旋转电机模型来单独计算齿槽力,实现了磁阻力中两个分量的有效分离,为PMFSLM的分析、特别是磁阻力的分析与优化提供有益的参考。
最后,本文提出一种新型模块化高容错性PMFSLM结构,在传统PMFSLM基础上省去半数永磁体,绕组采用隔齿绕线方式,并采用模块化设计。相比传统PMFSLM,其具有更高的永磁体利用率、更高的容错能力、更经济便宜的生产制造成本等诸多优点,是一种颇具竞争力的永磁直线电机结构。
Permanent magnet flux-switching linear machines (PMFSLM), which combine the merits of both linear machines and PMFS rotary machines, possess advantages such as simple and robust structures, and high thrust density. It is particularly cost-effective since the expensive magnets and coils are both set on the short mover while the long stator is made of cheap laminations only. The savings in manufacture costs can be a great benefit for applications with long strikes, for instance, for the rail transportation propulsion. Therefore, PMFSLM is a special linear machine with potentially wide application ranges, and deserves deep investigations.
This dissertation will introduce the developments of permanent magnet (PM) linear machines briefly and doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) machines more detailedly, and then review methodically the literatures presented by both domestic and overseas researchers. Related research work on PMFSLM will be summarized in this dissertation.
Moreover, following research work by the author will be presented. Firstly, the influence of slots/poles combination is discussed since it is a key issue for primary design of PMFSLM. The mathematic model in the dq-frame is established. Then, comparative studies on PMFSLM and conventional PM linear machines for applications of rail transportation propulsions are carried out as an example, and the performance is analyzed in detail for a6/7-pole PMFSLM.
Then, a new method that comprehensive assistant end teeth are employed on PMFSLM ends to reduce detent force is proposed. This method is similar to those methods modifying a suitable mover core length to minimize detent force. Compared with independent assistant teeth, which can only reduce the detent force, the comprehensive assistant teeth can not only reduce the detent force, but also improve other performance by enhancing the end coils' output.
Subsequently, in order to analyze the detent forces better, a new simple method to segregate detent force components based on rotary machine models is performed. The rotary model converts the linear machines into complete slotted rotary machines without any ends. Therefore, the slot force can be calculated individually, thus, the detent force is segregated successfully. The segregation of detent force provides enhanced reference for further investigation of detent force in PMFSLMs.
After that, a modular PMFSLM with high fault tolerant capability is developed. Compared with conventional PMFSLMs, half amount of magnets is taken away in the proposed PMFSLMs. Furthermore, alternative teeth wound and modular design are adopted, which result in many new merits such as a more effective usage of magnets, higher fault tolerance as well as low manufacturing cost for mass producing. Generally speaking, the proposed modular PMFSLM with fault tolerant capability is a competitive PM linear machine for applications in a wide range.
本文首先简单介绍永磁直线电机的基本概况,较为详细介绍了与PMFS电机相关的双凸极永磁电机的研究发展概况,综述了国内外的相关研究情况,针对永磁开关磁链直线电机研究具体开展了以下一些工作,获得了一些较有价值的成果：
首先,本文讨论分析了PMFSLM设计中非常关键的动子齿数与定子极数的配合关系对电机性能的影响；推导了PMFSLM的数学模型并建立dq坐标下的电机方程。并以轨道交通推进系统为应用背景,比较分析PMFSLM与传统永磁直线电机的特点；再以6/7极结构PMFSLM为例,详细分析了电机的性能表现。
接着,提出一种在PMFSLM端部增加综合辅助齿的方法来减小磁阻力,本质上也属于改变动子长度法来减小磁阻力。对比分析了独立辅助齿和综合辅助齿的效果,独立辅助齿只能减小磁阻力,而综合辅助齿对磁阻力以外的其他性能也有改善,效果明显。
然后,为了更好地分析PMFSLM磁阻力,本文提出一种基于旋转电机模型的磁阻力分量的分离方法,通过将直线电机转换成等效的有槽式旋转电机模型来单独计算齿槽力,实现了磁阻力中两个分量的有效分离,为PMFSLM的分析、特别是磁阻力的分析与优化提供有益的参考。
最后,本文提出一种新型模块化高容错性PMFSLM结构,在传统PMFSLM基础上省去半数永磁体,绕组采用隔齿绕线方式,并采用模块化设计。相比传统PMFSLM,其具有更高的永磁体利用率、更高的容错能力、更经济便宜的生产制造成本等诸多优点,是一种颇具竞争力的永磁直线电机结构。
Permanent magnet flux-switching linear machines (PMFSLM), which combine the merits of both linear machines and PMFS rotary machines, possess advantages such as simple and robust structures, and high thrust density. It is particularly cost-effective since the expensive magnets and coils are both set on the short mover while the long stator is made of cheap laminations only. The savings in manufacture costs can be a great benefit for applications with long strikes, for instance, for the rail transportation propulsion. Therefore, PMFSLM is a special linear machine with potentially wide application ranges, and deserves deep investigations.
This dissertation will introduce the developments of permanent magnet (PM) linear machines briefly and doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) machines more detailedly, and then review methodically the literatures presented by both domestic and overseas researchers. Related research work on PMFSLM will be summarized in this dissertation.
Moreover, following research work by the author will be presented. Firstly, the influence of slots/poles combination is discussed since it is a key issue for primary design of PMFSLM. The mathematic model in the dq-frame is established. Then, comparative studies on PMFSLM and conventional PM linear machines for applications of rail transportation propulsions are carried out as an example, and the performance is analyzed in detail for a6/7-pole PMFSLM.
Then, a new method that comprehensive assistant end teeth are employed on PMFSLM ends to reduce detent force is proposed. This method is similar to those methods modifying a suitable mover core length to minimize detent force. Compared with independent assistant teeth, which can only reduce the detent force, the comprehensive assistant teeth can not only reduce the detent force, but also improve other performance by enhancing the end coils' output.
Subsequently, in order to analyze the detent forces better, a new simple method to segregate detent force components based on rotary machine models is performed. The rotary model converts the linear machines into complete slotted rotary machines without any ends. Therefore, the slot force can be calculated individually, thus, the detent force is segregated successfully. The segregation of detent force provides enhanced reference for further investigation of detent force in PMFSLMs.
After that, a modular PMFSLM with high fault tolerant capability is developed. Compared with conventional PMFSLMs, half amount of magnets is taken away in the proposed PMFSLMs. Furthermore, alternative teeth wound and modular design are adopted, which result in many new merits such as a more effective usage of magnets, higher fault tolerance as well as low manufacturing cost for mass producing. Generally speaking, the proposed modular PMFSLM with fault tolerant capability is a competitive PM linear machine for applications in a wide range.
引文
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