脉冲超宽带信号雷间近地面传播特性研究
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摘要
在未来信息化条件下的高技术战争中,具有智能化、信息化特点的智能地雷和智能雷场是我军地雷武器装备研究的重点。脉冲超宽带(Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband, IR-UWB)技术作为一项新兴技术,具有定位精度高、低功耗、低复杂度以及抗干扰能力强等特点,非常适合应用于地雷场环境中地雷节点间的无线数据传输和精确自定位,满足未来地雷武器系统信息化、网络化的要求。目前,国内外对超宽带技术的研究主要集中在室内无线通信定位和雷达探测等领域,而地雷场通常设置在野外环境,地雷节点的体积小且布设在地面上,天线距离地面较近,对这种情况下的IR-UWB信号传播特性进行研究,是实现IR-UWB技术在地雷武器中实际应用的关键,对促进我军地雷装备的发展也具有重要的意义。
本文针对地雷场环境特点,结合智能地雷和智能雷场的相关技术战术要求,对IR-UWB系统在地雷场环境中应用的可行性进行了理论分析和实验验证,在无线电波传播基本理论的基础上,深入系统的研究了IR-UWB信号的地雷节点间近地面传播特性,得出了信号波形失真的基本规律,建立了适用于地雷场环境的IR-UWB传播信道模型,并对IR-UWB技术在地雷场中的应用进行了探讨,为基于IR-UWB技术的智能地雷及智能雷场系统设计与相关研究提供了技术支持。本文的主要研究工作及成果包括：
在无线电波传播基本理论研究的基础上,通过对地雷场环境和地雷节点主要特点的分析,结合地雷场网络技术要求,提出了IR-UWB技术应用的技术指标参数,建立了地雷场环境三维模型,为IR-UWB信号传播特性研究和地雷场IR-UWB传播信道建模提供依据。
建立了基于地面反射的IR-UWB信号近地面传播系统链路性能预算模型,分析了信号发射功率、天线高度、传输距离及速率之间的关系,对IR-UWB系统在地雷节点间的传输性能进行了研究。通过野外环境的实验测试和数据分析,验证了模型的准确性和IR-UWB技术在地雷武器中应用的可行性。
结合地雷场环境特点,分析了IR-UWB信号雷间近地面传播波形失真的原因。根据IR-UWB信号极宽频带的特点,提出了基于频域子频带的信号波形失真分析方法。对不同掠射角和土壤条件下的IR-UWB反射波形进行了研究,得出IR-UWB信号近地面传播反射时的波形变化规律。根据一致性几何绕射理论,建立了适用于地雷场环境应用的IR-UWB绕射UTD模型,并从幅度和相位两个方面对绕射波形进行了研究。
通过对无线信道建模理论的分析,确定了随机法与确定法相结合的无线信道建模方法,建立了地雷场环境IR-UWB信号雷间近地面传播信道模型。在此信道模型基础上,对IR-UWB信号近地面传播时的路径损耗和多径效应等特性进行了研究并得出了相关结论,为IR-UWB技术的实际应用提供了依据。
对IR-UWB技术在地雷中的实际应用进行了初步的探讨,提出了IR-UWB信号设计的依据并对基本参数进行了确定。研究并确定了基于时间到达的地雷节点自定位方法,根据IR-UWB信号近地面传播特性研究的相关结论,对定位测距误差进行了分析,并提出了提高地雷节点自定位精度的方法。
In the future information-based and high technological war, the smart landmine and minefield with intelligence and informational are the emphases in our army landmine equipment research. The impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) is one of the newest technologies with advantages such as low power consumption, low complexity and anti-interference ability etc. It is very suitable for the wireless data transmission and accurate self-localization between landmine nodes in the minefield environment and can satisfied the requirements of the future landmine weapon system's informationization and network connections. In recent years, the studies on the IR-UWB mainly focus on the indoor wireless communication, localization and radar detection both at home and abroad. The minefield is normally in the outdoor field environment. The mine node is small and mainly laid on the ground. The mine's antenna is very near the ground. So, study on the propagation characteristics of the IR-UWB signal in the minefield condition are the key issues of the mine weapon's practical application. The research results can provide great significance in the development of our landmine equipment in the future.
In this paper, aiming at the characteristics of the minefield environment and smart mine and minefield's technical and tactical requirements, the feasibility of the IR-UWB system are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Based on the wireless radio propagation fundamental theory, the near-ground propagation characteristics of the IR-UWB signal between landmine nodes are studied. The primary rules of the waveform distortion are given. The IR-UWB propagation channel model that fit the minefield environment is established. The applications of the IR-UWB in the minefield are also discussed. The work in this paper can provide technological support for the relative research and the system design of the smart mine and minefield. The main work and results are summarized as follows:
Firstly, the principles of the wireless radio propagation are studied. According to the analysis of the characteristics of the minefield environment and mine node, the technological parameters are put forward with the demands of the minefield network. The3D model of the minefield environment is established. These can provide references for the IR-UWB signal's propagation characteristics research and channel modeling.
Based on the radio ground reflection theory, the IR-UWB near-ground link performance budget model is established. The relationships of the transmit power, antenna height, transmission distance and data rate are analyzed. The IR-UWB system's transmission capability between landmine nodes is studied. Combined with the outdoor field experiment measurement and testing data analysis, the link budget model is testified to be correct. It is also shows that the IR-UWB technology can be used in the mine weapon obviously.
According to the characteristics of the minefield environment, the waveform distortion reasons are analyzed when the IR-UWB signal transmit between mine nodes. Due to the huge bandwidth of the IR-UWB signal, the frequency domain (FD) sub-band method is raised to cope with the signal's properties in waveform distortion. In different grazing angle and soil conditions, the IR-UWB reflection waveforms are studied and the near-ground reflection rules are obtained. Based on the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD), the IR-UWB diffraction model in the minefield environment is established. Then the IR-UWB diffraction waveform is studied from two aspects of the signal's amplitude and phase.
Through the analysis of the wireless channel modeling theory, the modeling method combined with stochastic theory and deterministic analysis is determined. With the channel model, the path-loss properties and multi-path effect of the IR-UWB signal near-ground propagation are studied and the results are received.
Finally, researches on the applications of the IR-UWB technology in the landmine are carried out. The IR-UWB signal's design principles and primary parameters are put forward. The self-localization method of the landmine node base on the time of arrival (TOA) ranging algorithm is studied. With the results of the near-ground propagation characteristics, the location and ranging error are analyzed, then the method of improving the self-localization precision are given.
本文针对地雷场环境特点,结合智能地雷和智能雷场的相关技术战术要求,对IR-UWB系统在地雷场环境中应用的可行性进行了理论分析和实验验证,在无线电波传播基本理论的基础上,深入系统的研究了IR-UWB信号的地雷节点间近地面传播特性,得出了信号波形失真的基本规律,建立了适用于地雷场环境的IR-UWB传播信道模型,并对IR-UWB技术在地雷场中的应用进行了探讨,为基于IR-UWB技术的智能地雷及智能雷场系统设计与相关研究提供了技术支持。本文的主要研究工作及成果包括：
在无线电波传播基本理论研究的基础上,通过对地雷场环境和地雷节点主要特点的分析,结合地雷场网络技术要求,提出了IR-UWB技术应用的技术指标参数,建立了地雷场环境三维模型,为IR-UWB信号传播特性研究和地雷场IR-UWB传播信道建模提供依据。
建立了基于地面反射的IR-UWB信号近地面传播系统链路性能预算模型,分析了信号发射功率、天线高度、传输距离及速率之间的关系,对IR-UWB系统在地雷节点间的传输性能进行了研究。通过野外环境的实验测试和数据分析,验证了模型的准确性和IR-UWB技术在地雷武器中应用的可行性。
结合地雷场环境特点,分析了IR-UWB信号雷间近地面传播波形失真的原因。根据IR-UWB信号极宽频带的特点,提出了基于频域子频带的信号波形失真分析方法。对不同掠射角和土壤条件下的IR-UWB反射波形进行了研究,得出IR-UWB信号近地面传播反射时的波形变化规律。根据一致性几何绕射理论,建立了适用于地雷场环境应用的IR-UWB绕射UTD模型,并从幅度和相位两个方面对绕射波形进行了研究。
通过对无线信道建模理论的分析,确定了随机法与确定法相结合的无线信道建模方法,建立了地雷场环境IR-UWB信号雷间近地面传播信道模型。在此信道模型基础上,对IR-UWB信号近地面传播时的路径损耗和多径效应等特性进行了研究并得出了相关结论,为IR-UWB技术的实际应用提供了依据。
对IR-UWB技术在地雷中的实际应用进行了初步的探讨,提出了IR-UWB信号设计的依据并对基本参数进行了确定。研究并确定了基于时间到达的地雷节点自定位方法,根据IR-UWB信号近地面传播特性研究的相关结论,对定位测距误差进行了分析,并提出了提高地雷节点自定位精度的方法。
In the future information-based and high technological war, the smart landmine and minefield with intelligence and informational are the emphases in our army landmine equipment research. The impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) is one of the newest technologies with advantages such as low power consumption, low complexity and anti-interference ability etc. It is very suitable for the wireless data transmission and accurate self-localization between landmine nodes in the minefield environment and can satisfied the requirements of the future landmine weapon system's informationization and network connections. In recent years, the studies on the IR-UWB mainly focus on the indoor wireless communication, localization and radar detection both at home and abroad. The minefield is normally in the outdoor field environment. The mine node is small and mainly laid on the ground. The mine's antenna is very near the ground. So, study on the propagation characteristics of the IR-UWB signal in the minefield condition are the key issues of the mine weapon's practical application. The research results can provide great significance in the development of our landmine equipment in the future.
In this paper, aiming at the characteristics of the minefield environment and smart mine and minefield's technical and tactical requirements, the feasibility of the IR-UWB system are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Based on the wireless radio propagation fundamental theory, the near-ground propagation characteristics of the IR-UWB signal between landmine nodes are studied. The primary rules of the waveform distortion are given. The IR-UWB propagation channel model that fit the minefield environment is established. The applications of the IR-UWB in the minefield are also discussed. The work in this paper can provide technological support for the relative research and the system design of the smart mine and minefield. The main work and results are summarized as follows:
Firstly, the principles of the wireless radio propagation are studied. According to the analysis of the characteristics of the minefield environment and mine node, the technological parameters are put forward with the demands of the minefield network. The3D model of the minefield environment is established. These can provide references for the IR-UWB signal's propagation characteristics research and channel modeling.
Based on the radio ground reflection theory, the IR-UWB near-ground link performance budget model is established. The relationships of the transmit power, antenna height, transmission distance and data rate are analyzed. The IR-UWB system's transmission capability between landmine nodes is studied. Combined with the outdoor field experiment measurement and testing data analysis, the link budget model is testified to be correct. It is also shows that the IR-UWB technology can be used in the mine weapon obviously.
According to the characteristics of the minefield environment, the waveform distortion reasons are analyzed when the IR-UWB signal transmit between mine nodes. Due to the huge bandwidth of the IR-UWB signal, the frequency domain (FD) sub-band method is raised to cope with the signal's properties in waveform distortion. In different grazing angle and soil conditions, the IR-UWB reflection waveforms are studied and the near-ground reflection rules are obtained. Based on the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD), the IR-UWB diffraction model in the minefield environment is established. Then the IR-UWB diffraction waveform is studied from two aspects of the signal's amplitude and phase.
Through the analysis of the wireless channel modeling theory, the modeling method combined with stochastic theory and deterministic analysis is determined. With the channel model, the path-loss properties and multi-path effect of the IR-UWB signal near-ground propagation are studied and the results are received.
Finally, researches on the applications of the IR-UWB technology in the landmine are carried out. The IR-UWB signal's design principles and primary parameters are put forward. The self-localization method of the landmine node base on the time of arrival (TOA) ranging algorithm is studied. With the results of the near-ground propagation characteristics, the location and ranging error are analyzed, then the method of improving the self-localization precision are given.
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