（准）周期结构光波特性研究及其微纳器件设计
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摘要
随着纳米科技与制造工艺的日益成熟,光子学正经历着前所未有的发展,一些新的交叉学科和研究方向不断产生。目前在国际上,表面等离子体和光子晶体被广泛认为是有潜力实现光子器件集成的两个研究领域。它们的发展簇生了很多传统光学无法实现的新现象。本论文以表面等离子体及一维光子晶体中的(准)周期性结构为基础,在理论上研究了它们的光学特性。基于这些特性,提出和设计了具有各种应用价值的新型微纳光子器件。
本文的研究内容包括以下几个方面：
1.研究并推导了一维周期性布拉格光纤光栅的耦合模方程。在此基础上,提出了一种光栅合成的新方法。该方法简单高效,可以选择性的优化光栅参数,同时克服了传统离散剥层算法不能有效降低折射率调制的缺点。基于该算法成功设计了多信道和三角谱布拉格光纤光栅等全光器件。
2.推导了金属-介质-金属结构的色散关系。研究发现,由于表面等离子体的产生,金属-介质-金属结构可以把光控制在纳米尺度上。通过在金属-介质-金属结构中分别引入准周期啁啾和切趾结构,设计了具有超大带宽和低旁瓣特点的表面等离子体反射器。通过在金属-介质-金属结构中插入两种按斐波纳契序列排列的介质,实现了多信道表面等离子体滤波器。
3.提出了一种基于金属-介质-金属结构的新型T形波导。该波导中有两个纳米腔,可以使不同的频率产生共振,从而实现了光的单向传输。
4.研究了金属纳米孔周期阵列结构的吸收特性。当光入射到该结构上时,上下两层金属平板上会形成方向相反的感应电流,产生了磁共振。调节结构参数能有效改变磁导率,达到阻抗匹配,从而实现了完美吸收。在此基础上,进一步研究了当中间介质层为非线性克尔介质时,该结构的全光开关特性。
5.研究了金属／周期性光子晶体结构的Tamm激元特性。提出了一种金属／斐波纳契准周期结构。传输矩阵和有限时域差分法计算结果表明,该结构可获得多波长Tamm激元的激发。
With the increasing maturity of nanotechnology and manufacture, photonics areundergoing unprecedented development, many new interdisciplinary and researchfields are emerging. In the worldwide, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) andphotonic crystal are considered as two promising ways to potentially realizephotonic integrated devices. Their developments have intrigued many newphenomena that cannot occur in the traditional optics. In this dissertation, opticalproperties of the (quasi)periodical structure in plasmonics and photonic crystal areinvestigated. Based on the optical properties, various kinds of new micronanophotonic devices for different applications are proposed and designed.
The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. One-dimensional periodical fiber Bragg gratings are investigated and thecoupled-mode equations are derived. A new grating synthesis method isproposed. It is simple and fast, can optimize the grating parameters oneinterested, and overcome the shortcomings of the traditional discrete layerpeeling method that cannot effectively reduce the refractive index modulation ofBragg gratings. With the proposed method, multichannel andtriangular-spectrum Bragg gratings are designed, respectively.
2. The dispersion relation of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure is studied.It is found that with the excitation of the SPPs, MIM structure can manipulatethe light at nanoscale size. By means of introducing quasiperiodical chirpstructure and apodiztion structure to the MIM waveguide, a broadband and lowsidelobe plasmonic reflector is realized. Meanwhile, by inserting two dielectricsin the MIM waveguide and arranging them with Fibonacci sequence,multichannel plasmonic filter is achieved.
3. Based on the MIM structure, a new kind of T-shaped waveguide is proposed. Itconsists of dual nanocavities which can excite two different resonate frequencies,thus unidirectional manipulation of optics is realized.
4. The absorption properties of the metallic nanostructure with periodical air-hole arrays are investigated. When an electromagnetic wave is impinged to theproposed structure, magnetic response appears and excites two antiparallelcurrents in upper and lower metallic layers. By changing the structure geometryparameters, permeability is tuned. So impedance between the metamaterials andthe air can be matched, thereby perfect absorption is realized. Further studiesindicate that when middle dielectric spacer of the metallic nanostructure isnonlinear Kerr material, all-optical absorption switch can be achieved.
5. The properties of Tamm polaritons in a metal/periodical photonic crystal arestudied. One-dimensional quasi-periodical photonic crystal composed of a thinmetallic layer and dielectric Fibonacci multilayers is proposed. The transfermatrix and the finite-difference time-domain results demonstrate that thestructure is able to excite multiwavelength Tamm polaritons.
本文的研究内容包括以下几个方面：
1.研究并推导了一维周期性布拉格光纤光栅的耦合模方程。在此基础上,提出了一种光栅合成的新方法。该方法简单高效,可以选择性的优化光栅参数,同时克服了传统离散剥层算法不能有效降低折射率调制的缺点。基于该算法成功设计了多信道和三角谱布拉格光纤光栅等全光器件。
2.推导了金属-介质-金属结构的色散关系。研究发现,由于表面等离子体的产生,金属-介质-金属结构可以把光控制在纳米尺度上。通过在金属-介质-金属结构中分别引入准周期啁啾和切趾结构,设计了具有超大带宽和低旁瓣特点的表面等离子体反射器。通过在金属-介质-金属结构中插入两种按斐波纳契序列排列的介质,实现了多信道表面等离子体滤波器。
3.提出了一种基于金属-介质-金属结构的新型T形波导。该波导中有两个纳米腔,可以使不同的频率产生共振,从而实现了光的单向传输。
4.研究了金属纳米孔周期阵列结构的吸收特性。当光入射到该结构上时,上下两层金属平板上会形成方向相反的感应电流,产生了磁共振。调节结构参数能有效改变磁导率,达到阻抗匹配,从而实现了完美吸收。在此基础上,进一步研究了当中间介质层为非线性克尔介质时,该结构的全光开关特性。
5.研究了金属／周期性光子晶体结构的Tamm激元特性。提出了一种金属／斐波纳契准周期结构。传输矩阵和有限时域差分法计算结果表明,该结构可获得多波长Tamm激元的激发。
With the increasing maturity of nanotechnology and manufacture, photonics areundergoing unprecedented development, many new interdisciplinary and researchfields are emerging. In the worldwide, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) andphotonic crystal are considered as two promising ways to potentially realizephotonic integrated devices. Their developments have intrigued many newphenomena that cannot occur in the traditional optics. In this dissertation, opticalproperties of the (quasi)periodical structure in plasmonics and photonic crystal areinvestigated. Based on the optical properties, various kinds of new micronanophotonic devices for different applications are proposed and designed.
The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. One-dimensional periodical fiber Bragg gratings are investigated and thecoupled-mode equations are derived. A new grating synthesis method isproposed. It is simple and fast, can optimize the grating parameters oneinterested, and overcome the shortcomings of the traditional discrete layerpeeling method that cannot effectively reduce the refractive index modulation ofBragg gratings. With the proposed method, multichannel andtriangular-spectrum Bragg gratings are designed, respectively.
2. The dispersion relation of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure is studied.It is found that with the excitation of the SPPs, MIM structure can manipulatethe light at nanoscale size. By means of introducing quasiperiodical chirpstructure and apodiztion structure to the MIM waveguide, a broadband and lowsidelobe plasmonic reflector is realized. Meanwhile, by inserting two dielectricsin the MIM waveguide and arranging them with Fibonacci sequence,multichannel plasmonic filter is achieved.
3. Based on the MIM structure, a new kind of T-shaped waveguide is proposed. Itconsists of dual nanocavities which can excite two different resonate frequencies,thus unidirectional manipulation of optics is realized.
4. The absorption properties of the metallic nanostructure with periodical air-hole arrays are investigated. When an electromagnetic wave is impinged to theproposed structure, magnetic response appears and excites two antiparallelcurrents in upper and lower metallic layers. By changing the structure geometryparameters, permeability is tuned. So impedance between the metamaterials andthe air can be matched, thereby perfect absorption is realized. Further studiesindicate that when middle dielectric spacer of the metallic nanostructure isnonlinear Kerr material, all-optical absorption switch can be achieved.
5. The properties of Tamm polaritons in a metal/periodical photonic crystal arestudied. One-dimensional quasi-periodical photonic crystal composed of a thinmetallic layer and dielectric Fibonacci multilayers is proposed. The transfermatrix and the finite-difference time-domain results demonstrate that thestructure is able to excite multiwavelength Tamm polaritons.
引文
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