基于Hilbert能量分析的岩体爆破震动损伤研究
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摘要
爆破是目前岩土开挖的主要手段之一，并且发挥着越来越重要的作用，而爆破震动造成的岩体损伤问题一直受到人们的关注。虽然国内外学者对岩石爆破震动损伤进行了许多富有成效的研究，但由于爆破震动危害的复杂性、隐蔽性、突发性以及受震岩体的多变性，因此，岩体爆破震动损伤问题依然是十分艰巨而复杂的研究课题。本文以工程爆破震动监测及岩石损伤范围检测资料为研究对象，利用EEMD-HHT信号分析方法对岩体的爆破震动特性、爆破震动响应特性、爆破震动能量损伤机理、损伤评价等方面进行了深入而系统的研究。主要包括以下几个方面的工作：
（一）EEMD-HHT方法在爆破震动信号分析中的应用。本文将EEMD-HHT方法应用到爆破震动信号分析中，这是爆破震动信号分析方法的巨大革新。该方法在EEMD分解过程中有很强的适应性，并且能有效抑制EMD分解出现的模态混叠现象，因此，EEMD-HHT方法在强非线性、非平稳的爆破震动信号分析中具有很强的适用性和优越性。
（二）现代谱估计在岩体爆破震动信号的频谱特性分析中的应用。首次将自回归AR模型参数的现代谱估计应用到岩体爆破震动信号的频谱分析中，以现代谱方法求得岩体爆破震动信号的功率谱密度曲线比较平滑，方差也较小，主频附近没有虚假峰值，主频率明确。
（三）基于相关性的EEMD方法的岩体爆破震动信号滤波研究。EEMD分解体现了自适应的滤波特性，这对强非线性和非平稳性的爆破震动信号有较强的适用性。通过IMF分量进行相关性分析去除噪声分量，并将非噪声分量进行重构得到去噪声后的爆破震动信号。
（四）以Hilbert能量法对岩体爆破震动特性进行分析。对信号的各IMF分量所蕴含的能量进行分析，得到岩体爆破震动能量几乎全部集中在中频范围内，在高频和低频部分的能量分布非常低；对各IMF分量的Hilbert瞬时能量进行分析，得到高频分量对岩体的震动作用时间较短，低频分量对岩体的作用时间长。
（五）基于Hilbert能量方法进行分析岩体爆破震动响应。从Hilbert能量的角度对爆破震动边际能量、瞬时能量与岩体动力响应的关系进行分析，得到岩体爆破震动最大响应是由岩体的自振周期与震动能量共同作用的结果，而不是由边际能量、瞬时能量的最大值所引起的。
（六）从Hilbert能量的角度进行岩体爆破震动损伤机理研究。岩体爆破震动损伤受到岩体爆破震动特性和岩体动力响应特性的共同影响，以爆破震动最大瞬时输入能量、卓越瞬时输入能量、总输入能量、相对位移响应能量进行了岩石受爆破震动破坏机理研究，结果表明相对位移响应能量更能综合体现了爆破震动特性与结构本身特性共同作用。
（七）岩体爆破震动损伤评价。将岩体爆破震动信号的Hilbert能量与岩体损伤深度范围之间的关系进行分析研究，得到以爆破震动最大瞬时输入能量、卓越瞬时输入能量、总输入能量、相对位移响应能量与岩体损伤深度之间的相关性逐步增强，利用相对位移响应能量与岩体损伤深度之间的相关系性，进行评价岩石爆破震动损伤深度范围是可行的。
Blasting is one of the primary means of rock excavation, which plays anincreasingly important role, and the rock damage caused by blasting vibration hasbeen concerned by people for a long time. Although a lot of constructive researcheshave been done on the rock blasting vibration damage by Chinese and internationalscholars, the problem is arduous and complicated because of the complexity, masking,abruptness and vibrated rock’s variability of blasting vibration damage. Therefore,rock blasting vibration damage is still a difficult and complex problem. An in-depthand systematic study has been made on the blasting vibration characteristics, rockresponse characteristics, blasting vibration energy damage theory, the relationshipbetween rock damage range and Hilbert energy, which utilizing EEMD-HHT signalanalysis method based on the analysis of project blasting vibration monitoring androck damage range monitoring data. It mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) EMMD-HHT Analysis of Blasting Vibration and Its Application
This paper applied EEMD-HHT method to the blasting vibration signal analysis,which was a great innovation among blasting vibration signal analysis methods. Themethod has strong adaptability in the process of EEMD decomposition and caneffectively restrain the phenomena of mode mixing in empirical mode decomposition.Therefore, EEMD-HHT method has the very strong applicability and superiority instrong nonlinearity and non-stationary blasting vibration signal analysis.
(2) Modern Spectral Estimation and its Application in the Research ofCharacteristic Analysis of Rock Blasting Vibration Signals’ Frequency Spectrum
This paper applied modern spectral estimation of Autoregressive (AR) modelparameters to rock blasting vibration signal spectrum analysis for the first time. Thepower spectral density curve of rock blasting vibration signal is smooth, the varianceis comparatively small, the main frequency is clear and has no false peak nearbybased on modern spectrum method.
(3) Research on Signal De-noising of Blasting Vibration Signals Based onCorrelation of EEMD
EEMD decomposition embodies the adaptive filtering properties, thus has astrong applicability for the strong nonlinear and the non-stationary of blasting vibration signal. We get the de-noising blasting vibration signals through eliminatingnoise component by the IMF component relevant analysis and reconstructing thenon-noise components.
(4) Analyze of Rock Blasting Vibration Characteristics with Hilbert EnergySpectrum
It is achieved that almost all of rock blasting vibration energy is in theintermediate frequency range, and in the high frequency and low frequency part of theenergy distribution is very low, after analyzing the each IMF component containedenergy of signals. Analyzed the Hilbert instantaneous energy of each IMF component,it is found that high frequency components effect on rock vibration in a relativelyshort time, but a long time with low frequency part.
(5) Research on Analysis of Rock Blasting Vibration Response Based on theHilbert Energy Method
From the perspective of the Hilbert energy, we analyze the relationship amongmarginal energy of the blasting vibration, the instantaneous energy and the rockdynamic response and get the conclusion that the maximum response of blastingvibration is the result of the joint action of rock natural period and its vibration energy,rather than by the maximum value of the marginal energy and the instantaneousenergy.
(6)A Discussion of Damage Mechanism of Rock Blasting Vibration from theviewpoint of the Hilbert Energy
The rock damage induced by blasting vibration is influenced by blastingvibration characteristics and structural dynamic characteristics. This paper discuss themaximum momentary input energy, excellent instantaneous input energy, the totalinput energy and the relative displacement response of the energy to research the rockdamage mechanism by blasting vibration, the results show that the relativedisplacement response of energy is more comprehensive to reflect the combinedaction of the blasting vibration characteristics and structural characteristics.
(7) Evaluation for the Rock Damage
A further research of the relationship between the Hilbert energy value of theRock blasting vibration signal and the depth range of rock damage shows that thecorrelation between the maximum momentary input energy, excellent instantaneousinput energy, the total input energy, the relative displacement response of the energyand the depth of rock damage is more and more strong. Using the correlation between the relative displacement response of the energy and the depth of rock damage, theformulas which could estimate the depth range of rock blasting vibration damage isproposed.
（一）EEMD-HHT方法在爆破震动信号分析中的应用。本文将EEMD-HHT方法应用到爆破震动信号分析中，这是爆破震动信号分析方法的巨大革新。该方法在EEMD分解过程中有很强的适应性，并且能有效抑制EMD分解出现的模态混叠现象，因此，EEMD-HHT方法在强非线性、非平稳的爆破震动信号分析中具有很强的适用性和优越性。
（二）现代谱估计在岩体爆破震动信号的频谱特性分析中的应用。首次将自回归AR模型参数的现代谱估计应用到岩体爆破震动信号的频谱分析中，以现代谱方法求得岩体爆破震动信号的功率谱密度曲线比较平滑，方差也较小，主频附近没有虚假峰值，主频率明确。
（三）基于相关性的EEMD方法的岩体爆破震动信号滤波研究。EEMD分解体现了自适应的滤波特性，这对强非线性和非平稳性的爆破震动信号有较强的适用性。通过IMF分量进行相关性分析去除噪声分量，并将非噪声分量进行重构得到去噪声后的爆破震动信号。
（四）以Hilbert能量法对岩体爆破震动特性进行分析。对信号的各IMF分量所蕴含的能量进行分析，得到岩体爆破震动能量几乎全部集中在中频范围内，在高频和低频部分的能量分布非常低；对各IMF分量的Hilbert瞬时能量进行分析，得到高频分量对岩体的震动作用时间较短，低频分量对岩体的作用时间长。
（五）基于Hilbert能量方法进行分析岩体爆破震动响应。从Hilbert能量的角度对爆破震动边际能量、瞬时能量与岩体动力响应的关系进行分析，得到岩体爆破震动最大响应是由岩体的自振周期与震动能量共同作用的结果，而不是由边际能量、瞬时能量的最大值所引起的。
（六）从Hilbert能量的角度进行岩体爆破震动损伤机理研究。岩体爆破震动损伤受到岩体爆破震动特性和岩体动力响应特性的共同影响，以爆破震动最大瞬时输入能量、卓越瞬时输入能量、总输入能量、相对位移响应能量进行了岩石受爆破震动破坏机理研究，结果表明相对位移响应能量更能综合体现了爆破震动特性与结构本身特性共同作用。
（七）岩体爆破震动损伤评价。将岩体爆破震动信号的Hilbert能量与岩体损伤深度范围之间的关系进行分析研究，得到以爆破震动最大瞬时输入能量、卓越瞬时输入能量、总输入能量、相对位移响应能量与岩体损伤深度之间的相关性逐步增强，利用相对位移响应能量与岩体损伤深度之间的相关系性，进行评价岩石爆破震动损伤深度范围是可行的。
Blasting is one of the primary means of rock excavation, which plays anincreasingly important role, and the rock damage caused by blasting vibration hasbeen concerned by people for a long time. Although a lot of constructive researcheshave been done on the rock blasting vibration damage by Chinese and internationalscholars, the problem is arduous and complicated because of the complexity, masking,abruptness and vibrated rock’s variability of blasting vibration damage. Therefore,rock blasting vibration damage is still a difficult and complex problem. An in-depthand systematic study has been made on the blasting vibration characteristics, rockresponse characteristics, blasting vibration energy damage theory, the relationshipbetween rock damage range and Hilbert energy, which utilizing EEMD-HHT signalanalysis method based on the analysis of project blasting vibration monitoring androck damage range monitoring data. It mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) EMMD-HHT Analysis of Blasting Vibration and Its Application
This paper applied EEMD-HHT method to the blasting vibration signal analysis,which was a great innovation among blasting vibration signal analysis methods. Themethod has strong adaptability in the process of EEMD decomposition and caneffectively restrain the phenomena of mode mixing in empirical mode decomposition.Therefore, EEMD-HHT method has the very strong applicability and superiority instrong nonlinearity and non-stationary blasting vibration signal analysis.
(2) Modern Spectral Estimation and its Application in the Research ofCharacteristic Analysis of Rock Blasting Vibration Signals’ Frequency Spectrum
This paper applied modern spectral estimation of Autoregressive (AR) modelparameters to rock blasting vibration signal spectrum analysis for the first time. Thepower spectral density curve of rock blasting vibration signal is smooth, the varianceis comparatively small, the main frequency is clear and has no false peak nearbybased on modern spectrum method.
(3) Research on Signal De-noising of Blasting Vibration Signals Based onCorrelation of EEMD
EEMD decomposition embodies the adaptive filtering properties, thus has astrong applicability for the strong nonlinear and the non-stationary of blasting vibration signal. We get the de-noising blasting vibration signals through eliminatingnoise component by the IMF component relevant analysis and reconstructing thenon-noise components.
(4) Analyze of Rock Blasting Vibration Characteristics with Hilbert EnergySpectrum
It is achieved that almost all of rock blasting vibration energy is in theintermediate frequency range, and in the high frequency and low frequency part of theenergy distribution is very low, after analyzing the each IMF component containedenergy of signals. Analyzed the Hilbert instantaneous energy of each IMF component,it is found that high frequency components effect on rock vibration in a relativelyshort time, but a long time with low frequency part.
(5) Research on Analysis of Rock Blasting Vibration Response Based on theHilbert Energy Method
From the perspective of the Hilbert energy, we analyze the relationship amongmarginal energy of the blasting vibration, the instantaneous energy and the rockdynamic response and get the conclusion that the maximum response of blastingvibration is the result of the joint action of rock natural period and its vibration energy,rather than by the maximum value of the marginal energy and the instantaneousenergy.
(6)A Discussion of Damage Mechanism of Rock Blasting Vibration from theviewpoint of the Hilbert Energy
The rock damage induced by blasting vibration is influenced by blastingvibration characteristics and structural dynamic characteristics. This paper discuss themaximum momentary input energy, excellent instantaneous input energy, the totalinput energy and the relative displacement response of the energy to research the rockdamage mechanism by blasting vibration, the results show that the relativedisplacement response of energy is more comprehensive to reflect the combinedaction of the blasting vibration characteristics and structural characteristics.
(7) Evaluation for the Rock Damage
A further research of the relationship between the Hilbert energy value of theRock blasting vibration signal and the depth range of rock damage shows that thecorrelation between the maximum momentary input energy, excellent instantaneousinput energy, the total input energy, the relative displacement response of the energyand the depth of rock damage is more and more strong. Using the correlation between the relative displacement response of the energy and the depth of rock damage, theformulas which could estimate the depth range of rock blasting vibration damage isproposed.
引文
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