新型MABR除磷脱氮技术的研究与应用
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摘要
无泡曝气膜生物反应器（MABR）是利用气体分离膜作为微生物附着载体并为微生物膜提供氧气，利用微生物的生化特性去除水体中的COD、氨氮等污染物的一种新型污水处理技术。无泡曝气、氧气-底物异向传质和微生物膜分层结构是MABR系统最突出的三个特点，也使得MABR技术具有许多传统生物反应器无可比拟的优点。
本论文设计了新型FT-MABR反应器，能够避免水流短路现象的产生，使水流均匀分布且保持水流错流流过中空纤维膜。开展了长期运行实验和跟踪实验，研究水流流速、进水负荷以及C/N对FT-MABR去除COD、氨氮和总氮效果的影响。重点分析水流流速对反应器性能以及脱氮效果的影响。长期运行实验表明，水流流速的提高有利于FT-MABR的抗冲击负荷能力以及对氧气的利用率的提高。高水流流速下，FT-MABR具有优先去除氨氮的能力，脱氮过程倾向于以亚硝酸盐为中间产物的短程反硝化过程。因此，FT-MABR能够在较低C/N下实现高效脱氮。C/N分别为3、5和7时，总氮去除率分别达到50.7%、70.8%和85.6%。FT-MABR适合对低C/N废水进行处理。
结合MABR技术、间歇式曝气操作和人工强化生物膜脱落技术，开发出具有强化除磷脱氮功能的新型SMABR技术，对其除磷脱氮效果和操作参数进行了研究，为生物膜过程实现除磷脱氮进行了有意义的探索。SMABR能够创造好氧硝化-厌氧反硝化、释磷/好氧吸磷三个阶段，实现单一反应器内的除磷脱氮。SMABR对COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别能达到90%、95%和65%以上。实验首次实现了单一MABR反应器内的强化除磷脱氮。
本文还对MABR技术处理真实制药废水的工业化应用进行了研究。结合水解酸化前处理和活性炭吸附后处理工艺，设计建造以MABR工艺为主要处理过程的中试规模制药废水处理系统。开展260天的长期运行实验，对曝气压力、曝气方式、循环流速以及水质水量变化对MABR处理效能的影响进行了研究。MABR过程能够去除制药废水中超过90%的COD和98%的氨氮，单位体积负荷率分别达到1.348kgCOD/m~3d和48.2gNH_4~+-N/m~3d，氧气利用率达到43.74%。MABR系统出水指标能够满足天津市污水排放标准。LC/ESI/MS结果表明，MABR对制药废水中多种高分子、难降解污染物均有良好的去除效果。
The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promising technology forwastewater treatment using gas permeable membrane as a carrier of biofilm and asupplier of oxygen to achieve the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), totalnitrogen (TN) and other contaminants. The three characteristics of MABR system is:no bubble aeration, oxygen-vary heterogeneous mass transfer, microbial hierarchicalstructure, which is also advantages of MABR. It is apparent that the MABR hasseveral advantages over conventional biofilm technology.
The FT-MABR was designed to overcome feed flow short circuiting and achievefacilitated mass transfer. In the FT-MABR, the flow velocity was uniform and theflow direction was almost perpendicular with the hollow fiber membranes. The effectsof feed flow velocity, loading rate and COD/TN ratio on TN and COD removal wereinvestigated through a long-term study, a loading rate study and several batch studies.Nitrogen removal mechanism was mainly discussed. With the increase of flowvelocity, resistance impact load capability and oxygen utilization efficiency of theFT-MABR were enhanced. Meanwhile, ammonium was removed preferentiallycompared with COD. Batch studies indicated that, the increase of feed flow velocitysignificantly strengthened the accumulation of nitrite and TN removal in theFT-MABR. at the feed flow velocity of0.05m/s, when COD/N ratios were3,5and7,the TN removal efficiency reached to50.7%,72.8%and83.5%, respectively. TheFT-MABR is a feasible technology for the treatment of wastewater with low COD/TNratio.
In this paper, a novel enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology-SMABR was developed with the combining the MABR technology with intermittentaeration operation and artificial enhanced biofilm shedding. The effects of nitrogenand phosphorus removal on operating parameters were studied and explored. SMABRis able to create aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification/release of phosphorusand aerobic absorption of phosphorus in the same reactor. The removal efficiency ofCOD, TN and phosphorus in SMABR could reach to90%,95%and65%. Thisexperiment realized the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in single MABRimplementation for the first time.
A pilot-scale integrated membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) system,consisted of hydrolysis/acidification pretreatment, MABR process and activatedcarbon adsorption post-processing, was designed to treat the high-loading mixedpharmaceutical wastewater. A study of MABR process was conducted to investigatethe effect of aeration condition, circulation flow rate and water quality onperformance over260days. The performances of these processes were evaluated bythe removal efficiency of COD, BOD5, turbidity, NH_4~+-N and TN. MABR processcould effectively remove above90%of COD and98%of ammonia. The capacitiesper unit volume of MABR reached to1348gCOD/m~3d,48.2gNH_4~+-N/m~3d, andoxygen utilization rate was up to43.74%. After post-processing, the effluent ofintegrated treatment MABR system kept stable with COD below200mg/L andNH4+-N below3mg/L. The effluent quality of integrated MABR system could meetthe wastewater discharge standard. The results of LC/ESI/MS indicated that theintegrated MABR system could effectively remove the complex and persistentorganic compounds.
本论文设计了新型FT-MABR反应器，能够避免水流短路现象的产生，使水流均匀分布且保持水流错流流过中空纤维膜。开展了长期运行实验和跟踪实验，研究水流流速、进水负荷以及C/N对FT-MABR去除COD、氨氮和总氮效果的影响。重点分析水流流速对反应器性能以及脱氮效果的影响。长期运行实验表明，水流流速的提高有利于FT-MABR的抗冲击负荷能力以及对氧气的利用率的提高。高水流流速下，FT-MABR具有优先去除氨氮的能力，脱氮过程倾向于以亚硝酸盐为中间产物的短程反硝化过程。因此，FT-MABR能够在较低C/N下实现高效脱氮。C/N分别为3、5和7时，总氮去除率分别达到50.7%、70.8%和85.6%。FT-MABR适合对低C/N废水进行处理。
结合MABR技术、间歇式曝气操作和人工强化生物膜脱落技术，开发出具有强化除磷脱氮功能的新型SMABR技术，对其除磷脱氮效果和操作参数进行了研究，为生物膜过程实现除磷脱氮进行了有意义的探索。SMABR能够创造好氧硝化-厌氧反硝化、释磷/好氧吸磷三个阶段，实现单一反应器内的除磷脱氮。SMABR对COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别能达到90%、95%和65%以上。实验首次实现了单一MABR反应器内的强化除磷脱氮。
本文还对MABR技术处理真实制药废水的工业化应用进行了研究。结合水解酸化前处理和活性炭吸附后处理工艺，设计建造以MABR工艺为主要处理过程的中试规模制药废水处理系统。开展260天的长期运行实验，对曝气压力、曝气方式、循环流速以及水质水量变化对MABR处理效能的影响进行了研究。MABR过程能够去除制药废水中超过90%的COD和98%的氨氮，单位体积负荷率分别达到1.348kgCOD/m~3d和48.2gNH_4~+-N/m~3d，氧气利用率达到43.74%。MABR系统出水指标能够满足天津市污水排放标准。LC/ESI/MS结果表明，MABR对制药废水中多种高分子、难降解污染物均有良好的去除效果。
The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promising technology forwastewater treatment using gas permeable membrane as a carrier of biofilm and asupplier of oxygen to achieve the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), totalnitrogen (TN) and other contaminants. The three characteristics of MABR system is:no bubble aeration, oxygen-vary heterogeneous mass transfer, microbial hierarchicalstructure, which is also advantages of MABR. It is apparent that the MABR hasseveral advantages over conventional biofilm technology.
The FT-MABR was designed to overcome feed flow short circuiting and achievefacilitated mass transfer. In the FT-MABR, the flow velocity was uniform and theflow direction was almost perpendicular with the hollow fiber membranes. The effectsof feed flow velocity, loading rate and COD/TN ratio on TN and COD removal wereinvestigated through a long-term study, a loading rate study and several batch studies.Nitrogen removal mechanism was mainly discussed. With the increase of flowvelocity, resistance impact load capability and oxygen utilization efficiency of theFT-MABR were enhanced. Meanwhile, ammonium was removed preferentiallycompared with COD. Batch studies indicated that, the increase of feed flow velocitysignificantly strengthened the accumulation of nitrite and TN removal in theFT-MABR. at the feed flow velocity of0.05m/s, when COD/N ratios were3,5and7,the TN removal efficiency reached to50.7%,72.8%and83.5%, respectively. TheFT-MABR is a feasible technology for the treatment of wastewater with low COD/TNratio.
In this paper, a novel enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology-SMABR was developed with the combining the MABR technology with intermittentaeration operation and artificial enhanced biofilm shedding. The effects of nitrogenand phosphorus removal on operating parameters were studied and explored. SMABRis able to create aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification/release of phosphorusand aerobic absorption of phosphorus in the same reactor. The removal efficiency ofCOD, TN and phosphorus in SMABR could reach to90%,95%and65%. Thisexperiment realized the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in single MABRimplementation for the first time.
A pilot-scale integrated membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) system,consisted of hydrolysis/acidification pretreatment, MABR process and activatedcarbon adsorption post-processing, was designed to treat the high-loading mixedpharmaceutical wastewater. A study of MABR process was conducted to investigatethe effect of aeration condition, circulation flow rate and water quality onperformance over260days. The performances of these processes were evaluated bythe removal efficiency of COD, BOD5, turbidity, NH_4~+-N and TN. MABR processcould effectively remove above90%of COD and98%of ammonia. The capacitiesper unit volume of MABR reached to1348gCOD/m~3d,48.2gNH_4~+-N/m~3d, andoxygen utilization rate was up to43.74%. After post-processing, the effluent ofintegrated treatment MABR system kept stable with COD below200mg/L andNH4+-N below3mg/L. The effluent quality of integrated MABR system could meetthe wastewater discharge standard. The results of LC/ESI/MS indicated that theintegrated MABR system could effectively remove the complex and persistentorganic compounds.
引文
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