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圆柱齿轮机床可适应产品平台构建方法及应用
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摘要
随着市场经济的发展,产品正在从卖方市场转变为买方市场。在保证产品性能、质量与价格优势的同时,快速开发出满足用户多样化、个性化需求的新产品,已成为企业赢取市场的关键。为此,本文将“可适应设计”理念与产品平台技术融合,针对机械产品快速开发,提出了基于可适应产品平台的设计方法,即构建可满足用户对产品功能、规格、性能等多样性需求的可适应产品平台,并基于可适应产品平台设计可适应性产品。本文以齿轮机床系列产品设计为例,阐述并验证所提出的基于可适应产品平台的设计方法。论文主要研究内容和成果如下:
     1.针对用户需求的多样性,从定性需求和定量需求两个方面,研究了面向多样性的产品需求分析方法。采用灰色聚类分析方法对用户对齿轮机床的量变需求进归类,制定了产品的规格系列;利用QFD工具建立了用户需求与产品质量特性间的映射关系,将用户的个性化需求转换为产品的质量特性。
     2.针对产品可适应性评价问题,给出了一种基于价值工程的产品可适应度评价方法,为基于可适应性的产品平台方案优选提供了一种技术手段;基于可适应性原理,对圆柱齿轮机床进行了功能规划,确定了圆柱齿轮机床产品的共享功能及其可适应产品平台功能,进而提出了面向高效率、大批量与多品种、小批量生产制度的齿轮机床结构改进方案。
     3.研究了可适应产品平台的概念、组成要素、构建步骤和实施策略。提出了基于QFD的可适应产品平台要素确定和模块参数映射方法;针对用户需求的多样性和技术的发展变迁,提出了可适应模块开发、升级及产品派生策略;针对圆柱齿轮机床可适应产品平台,给出了其构建方案和实施策略。
     4.研究了可适应模块创建技术。提出了基于共享效益最优化的可适应模块构建方法,建立了综合考虑参数共享效益、制造工艺性和模块性能的优化模型;基于多目标优化策略,确定了模块共享参数和定制参数,构建了圆柱齿轮机床床身和立柱可适应模块。
     5.总结了圆柱齿轮机床可适应产品平台的支撑要素和实施步骤,分析了可适应产品平台主要模块的功能、结构和系列参数;给出了典型圆柱齿轮加工机床的模块配置方案。通过分析圆柱齿轮铣齿机开发案例,说明了可适应产品平台实际应用效果。
     本文以大型圆柱齿轮加工机床为具体对象和应用实例,系统研究了面向多样性的可适应产品平台构建方法和实现的关键技术,反映了可适应产品设计的一般过程,具有典型性和通用性,对其它产品可适应设计也具有借鉴意义。
With rapid development of market economy, the competition has beenbecoming severe. To meet customers’ needs, manufacturing enterprises have todevelop a variety of products with lower cost, better quality and more environmentfriendly. This dissertation investigates the adaptable product platform developmentmethod (APPDM) based on adaptable design methodologies. A new adaptableproduct platform design method has been developed and has been applied to thedesign of a cylindrical gear manufacturing machine tools platform for customizationof cylindrical gear machine tools. The details of the APPDM and its application aregiven in the dissertation.
     Following the Introduction of Chapter one, Chapter two provides the methodsfor analyzing diverse user demands. The products are classified into different groupsthrough gray clustering according to concepts of quantitative indexes. In thequalitative aspects, the user demands are converted into quality characteristicthrough the modified House of Quality.
     Chapter three reports a new evaluation method of product adaptability basedon the value engineering. With the guide of adaptable design, the shared function ofgear machine tools are acquired, which is the first step for the development ofadaptable product platform of cylindrical gear machine tools. Two new types gearmachine tools platforms have been formed, one is suitable for the high efficient gearmanufacturing process; the others can literally machine almost all types of gears.
     Chapter four discusses the concepts, elements, and process and realizationstrategy of the APPDM method. The associated techniques of adaptable productplatform design are developed using the quality function deployment. Thespecification variants, upgrade of modules and products derivative based onadaptable products platform are discussed. Finally, the overall solutions of theadaptable product platform for cylindrical gear machine tools are determined.
     Chapter five presents the adaptable modules creation techniques with an aimof maximizing the shared benefit and performances of modules. First, the optimization model of design parameters for shared benefit, manufacturability andperformance of modules is established. Then, the shared and customized designparameters are determined based on the multi-objective optimization strategy. Withthe guide of the developed methods, the column and bed of machine tools aredesigned.
     Chapter six demonstrates the detailed implementation of adaptable productplatform for cylindrical gear machine tools. The structure and specifications of themain modules of the machine tools are designed and developed. The configuration ofdifferent gear machine tools for a line of customizable machines is determined.Finally, the application effect of adaptable product platform is showed through thedevelopment case study of cylindrical gear milling machines.
     The developed APPDM method has also been employed to the design of a lineof heavy-duty gear milling machines. Although the proposed APPDM method wasdeveloped and applied to design of the cylindrical gear machine tools, the basicprinciples of the design method is generally applicable to the other mechanicalproducts and systems.
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