错流式减压膜蒸馏过程分析及组件放大特性研究
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摘要
在淡水资源短缺的今天，合理的开发和利用水资源一直是人们关注的焦点。膜蒸馏技术作为一种新型膜技术在水处理领域具备了许多其它技术无法比拟的优势。近几年人们对膜蒸馏的研究更是有呈爆发式增长的趋势。但是制约膜蒸馏技术大型化、大规模应用的原因之一就是放大过程中的通量衰减问题。
本文针对膜蒸馏系统放大过程中的通量衰减问题，进行了深入细致的分析，从两个角度进行了研究：一是膜组件内中空纤维性能的发挥，二是在膜蒸馏系统中膜组件性能的发挥。
论文通过自行设计、组装的一套自动控制膜蒸馏脱盐装置获取膜蒸馏过程运行中的重要参数。并根据错流式减压膜蒸馏过程的特点建立了一套新型的膜蒸馏过程模型来描述膜蒸馏过程的传递现象。
膜组件内料液的分布对中空纤维性能的发挥具有重要的影响。论文采用CFD技术模拟计算和比较了不同结构的料液分布装置，并根据计算结果优化了料液分布器的结构设计。最终得到了三个优化的分布装置形式，即平板式分布器、圆弧型分布器和金字塔式分布器。实验结果表明，分布器的应用显著提高了膜组件的渗透通量。
通过建立的新型膜蒸馏模型描述膜蒸馏过程的重要参数（包括膜组件出口温度、水蒸气物理状态、温度极化系数和总传质系数等），揭示了操作条件对这些过程参数影响的主要原因。并根据膜组件内流体流动的特点设计了一系列不同特征参数的膜组件，在与相应的料液分布器匹配之后进行放大实验研究。发现在中空纤维性能充分发挥的基础上，膜蒸馏系统的优化是提升膜蒸馏过程通量的一个重要手段。
通过对膜蒸馏放大实验的分析，选出了系列膜组件中性能最优的#MM4进行工业用水处理的实例分析。通过对模拟天然气开采废水、反渗透浓水和湿法冶金废水的处理的处理，发现采用膜蒸馏技术处理这些工业废水具有可行性。
Rational development and utilization fresh water resources have been always thefocus for people’s attention, especially under the condition of fresh water shortagenowadays.
As a novel membrane technology in water treatment field, membrane distillationtechnology has many advantages, which other technologies can not match. In recentyears, membrane distillation research presented explosive growth trend. However,membrane distillation technology has not been large-scale application, and one of themost important reason is flux attenuation in large-scale device.
Aiming at flux attenuation two perspectives were taken under deeply analysesed.The first one is the performance of the hollow fiber membrane in the membranemodule, and the second is the performance of the the membrane module in membranedistillation system.
A set of automatic control membrane distillation desalination setting wasdesigned and assembled for getting important parameters of membrane distillationprocess. A cross flow membrane distillation model was built to describe the transferprocess of membrane distillation process, based on the characteristics of cross flowmembrane distillation process.
An important means for playing its potential of hollow fiber in the membranemodule is designing feed distribution consistent with the membrane modulecharacteristics. CFD techniques was used to simulate the velocity distributions of themembrane module with different feed distributors, then adjusted the feed distributorspaprmeters based on the velocity distributions to optimize the feed distributors.Finally, three optimized distributors which called flat-plate distributor, domelikedistributor and pyramid distributor were obtained. The permeate flux of the membranemodules were enhanced with the optimized distributor fixed on.
To find out the reason of operation conditions on feed outlet temperature, watervapor state, permeate flux, energy consumption, temperature polarization coefficientand total mass transfer coefficient, these parameters must be analysed deeply. A seriesof five membrane modules with different characteristic parameters was designedaccording to the characteristics of feed flow in the membrane module. The scale-up experiments were conducted after the modules match with corresponding distributors.It’s find that the optimization of membrane distillation system is an useful method toenhance permeate flux, based on the hollow fibers got full performance.
Membrane module#MM4was choosed to conduct water treatment, based onthe analysis of scale-up experiment. Experimental results showed that the treatment ofindustry water by membrane distillation technology was feasible, after the tentativeexperiment for membrane distillation to treat simulation nature gasmining.wastewater, RO concentration and the waste water in hydrometallurgy.
本文针对膜蒸馏系统放大过程中的通量衰减问题，进行了深入细致的分析，从两个角度进行了研究：一是膜组件内中空纤维性能的发挥，二是在膜蒸馏系统中膜组件性能的发挥。
论文通过自行设计、组装的一套自动控制膜蒸馏脱盐装置获取膜蒸馏过程运行中的重要参数。并根据错流式减压膜蒸馏过程的特点建立了一套新型的膜蒸馏过程模型来描述膜蒸馏过程的传递现象。
膜组件内料液的分布对中空纤维性能的发挥具有重要的影响。论文采用CFD技术模拟计算和比较了不同结构的料液分布装置，并根据计算结果优化了料液分布器的结构设计。最终得到了三个优化的分布装置形式，即平板式分布器、圆弧型分布器和金字塔式分布器。实验结果表明，分布器的应用显著提高了膜组件的渗透通量。
通过建立的新型膜蒸馏模型描述膜蒸馏过程的重要参数（包括膜组件出口温度、水蒸气物理状态、温度极化系数和总传质系数等），揭示了操作条件对这些过程参数影响的主要原因。并根据膜组件内流体流动的特点设计了一系列不同特征参数的膜组件，在与相应的料液分布器匹配之后进行放大实验研究。发现在中空纤维性能充分发挥的基础上，膜蒸馏系统的优化是提升膜蒸馏过程通量的一个重要手段。
通过对膜蒸馏放大实验的分析，选出了系列膜组件中性能最优的#MM4进行工业用水处理的实例分析。通过对模拟天然气开采废水、反渗透浓水和湿法冶金废水的处理的处理，发现采用膜蒸馏技术处理这些工业废水具有可行性。
Rational development and utilization fresh water resources have been always thefocus for people’s attention, especially under the condition of fresh water shortagenowadays.
As a novel membrane technology in water treatment field, membrane distillationtechnology has many advantages, which other technologies can not match. In recentyears, membrane distillation research presented explosive growth trend. However,membrane distillation technology has not been large-scale application, and one of themost important reason is flux attenuation in large-scale device.
Aiming at flux attenuation two perspectives were taken under deeply analysesed.The first one is the performance of the hollow fiber membrane in the membranemodule, and the second is the performance of the the membrane module in membranedistillation system.
A set of automatic control membrane distillation desalination setting wasdesigned and assembled for getting important parameters of membrane distillationprocess. A cross flow membrane distillation model was built to describe the transferprocess of membrane distillation process, based on the characteristics of cross flowmembrane distillation process.
An important means for playing its potential of hollow fiber in the membranemodule is designing feed distribution consistent with the membrane modulecharacteristics. CFD techniques was used to simulate the velocity distributions of themembrane module with different feed distributors, then adjusted the feed distributorspaprmeters based on the velocity distributions to optimize the feed distributors.Finally, three optimized distributors which called flat-plate distributor, domelikedistributor and pyramid distributor were obtained. The permeate flux of the membranemodules were enhanced with the optimized distributor fixed on.
To find out the reason of operation conditions on feed outlet temperature, watervapor state, permeate flux, energy consumption, temperature polarization coefficientand total mass transfer coefficient, these parameters must be analysed deeply. A seriesof five membrane modules with different characteristic parameters was designedaccording to the characteristics of feed flow in the membrane module. The scale-up experiments were conducted after the modules match with corresponding distributors.It’s find that the optimization of membrane distillation system is an useful method toenhance permeate flux, based on the hollow fibers got full performance.
Membrane module#MM4was choosed to conduct water treatment, based onthe analysis of scale-up experiment. Experimental results showed that the treatment ofindustry water by membrane distillation technology was feasible, after the tentativeexperiment for membrane distillation to treat simulation nature gasmining.wastewater, RO concentration and the waste water in hydrometallurgy.
引文
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