VTI介质多波射线追踪及各向异性参数分析
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摘要
地震波正演和介质参数的分析是地震勘探的主要内容。均匀各向同性模型是传统地震勘探的基本假设,然而地球介质是复杂的,是各向异性的,各向异性介质中地震波的传播比在各向同性介质中更为复杂。因此,如何对各向异性介质中地震波的传播进行模拟及对参数进行分析是目前研究的重要课题。速度分析是地震数据处理过程中非常重要的环节之一,要实现高精度速度分析,必须充分考虑介质的各向异性所带来的影响,对地震资料进行各向异性参数分析,以获得地层的各向异性参数特性。
论文从各向异性介质的基本理论出发,分析了横向各向同性介质中相速度和群速度的传播规律,讨论了地震波在各向异性介质中射线传播的特征,并引入了二维VTI介质中反射系数、透射系数的近似解。针对具有垂向对称轴的横向各向同性介质,采用射线追踪法追踪PP波和PSV波合成地震记录。在追踪二维VTI介质中的多波旅行时的同时,通过反射系数、透射系数的计算,实现了能量的分配,更客观完整地模拟了地震波在各向异性介质中的传播规律。
介质的各向异性在纵波的传播过程中表现不是很明显,而横波在传播过程中对各向异性影响的反应非常敏感。因此在各向异性介质参数分析时,进行纵波和转换波的多波联合勘探是是非常必要的。目前对于各向异性参数分析的研究已成为非常热门的研究课题,然而,各向异性分析的方法及参数谱的精度还存在有待提高的空间。论文讨论了VTI介质中纵波和转换波各向异性参数分析方法,在对PP波仍使用单参数法速度和参数分析的同时,通过更有效地利用多波联合勘探的信息的方式改进了PSV波参数分析法,减少了人为给定初始各向异性参数值时的盲目性,并将Lamer提出的选择性相关法引入到各向异性参数谱分析中,提高了参数谱分析的效率和精度。
FORTRAN是底层的数值计算语言,计算速度快,VC++提供了强大的交互式界面系统的开发功能。论文通过VC++和Fortran语言的混合编程,实现优势互补,将VTI介质正演模拟与速度、各向异性参数分析模块,以及各向同性介质中地震波场多波正演模拟和速度分析模块,集成于一个软件中,开发了一套较为完整的多波合成地震记录及参数分析软件。该软件已申请并受理计算机软件著作权登记。
论文取得的主要创新性成果有：
(1)在二维VTI介质PP波和PSV波射线追踪中,将各向异性介质中反射、透射系数理论引入正演计算中,通过反射系数,透射系数等参数来实现地震波传播过程中的能量分配,使模拟的地震记录更为客观合理。
(2)将用于速度谱计算的选择性相关法引入到各向异性介质中各向异性参数谱的计算中,用于提高参数谱的分辨率,进而提高了参数谱分析的精度。
(3)提出了改进的二维VTI介质转换波单参数分析法。对VTI介质进行转换波各向异性参数分析时,借助PP波的已知信息,对各向异性介质中PSV波参数先进行估算,然后计算参数谱,提高了计算的速度,减少了不必要的计算过程,达到进一步提高转换波各向异性参数分析的精度和效率的目的。
Forward of seismic data and analysis on parameter play an important role in seismic exploration. Usually, we assume all the media on earth is isotropic, but it is actually anisotropic. Propagation of seismic wave in anisotropic media is more complex than that in isotropic media, so it is important that how to simulate the propagation of seismic wave in anisotropic media and do analysis on anisotropic parameters. Velocity analysis is a key problem in seismic data processing. To realize high-accuracy velocity analysis, we must take anisotropic parameters into account.
Based on anisotropic theory, this paper analyzes the rule of phase velocity and group velocity in transverse isotropic media, discusses the characteristic of ray in anisotropic media. It does ray tracing of PP wave and PSV wave in VTI media. Except for the travel time is calculated, the approximate root of reflection and transmission coefficients is also calculated. And by calculating the coefficients, energy is distributed in the process of seismic wave propagation, which simulates more perfectly the propagation of seismic wave in anisotropic media.
Anisotropic parameters have an effect on P-wave data, but it is not presented evidently on seismic record. And S-wave data is sensitive to anisotropic parameters. So, when doing parameter analysis on anisotropic media, it is necessary to do multicomponent exploration. The study of anisotropic parameters is now a hot research subject, but the technique of parameter analysis and the accuracy of spectrum of anisotropic parameters need further improvement. This paper still adopts the measurements of single scan on PP wave data, and improves the method of PSV wave data by using efficiently the multi-component, which tries to get rid of our blindness of setting the initial parameters. Selective-correlation method by Ceils in2002in velocity analysis is used in anisotropic parameter analysis in this paper, which improves the accuracy of parameter spectrum.
Fortran is a kind of numerical computation language with a high calculating speed and VC++is a kind of language providing a strong function of developing a mutual interface. By mix-programming of Fortran and VC++, this paper develops a set of software with the modules of seismic wave simulation, velocity analysis, parameter analysis on isotropic and anisotropic media.
The innovative achievements in this paper are as follows:
(1) Energy of seismic wave is distributed by calculating the approximate root of reflection and transmission coefficients in ray tracing of PP wave and PSV wave in VTI media, which makes seismic record to be simulated more reasonable.
(2) Selective-correlation method in velocity analysis is used in anisotropic parameter analysis to calculate parameter spectrum, which improves the accuracy of parameter spectrum.
(3) The improved method of PSV wave data are put forward, which uses fully the information of velocity and parameter analysis on PP wave data to estimate the parameter of PSV wave at first, and then calculate parameter spectrum. It increases speed and omits the need for excessive affixture calculation to improve efficiency of anisotropic parameter analysis on PSV wave data.
论文从各向异性介质的基本理论出发,分析了横向各向同性介质中相速度和群速度的传播规律,讨论了地震波在各向异性介质中射线传播的特征,并引入了二维VTI介质中反射系数、透射系数的近似解。针对具有垂向对称轴的横向各向同性介质,采用射线追踪法追踪PP波和PSV波合成地震记录。在追踪二维VTI介质中的多波旅行时的同时,通过反射系数、透射系数的计算,实现了能量的分配,更客观完整地模拟了地震波在各向异性介质中的传播规律。
介质的各向异性在纵波的传播过程中表现不是很明显,而横波在传播过程中对各向异性影响的反应非常敏感。因此在各向异性介质参数分析时,进行纵波和转换波的多波联合勘探是是非常必要的。目前对于各向异性参数分析的研究已成为非常热门的研究课题,然而,各向异性分析的方法及参数谱的精度还存在有待提高的空间。论文讨论了VTI介质中纵波和转换波各向异性参数分析方法,在对PP波仍使用单参数法速度和参数分析的同时,通过更有效地利用多波联合勘探的信息的方式改进了PSV波参数分析法,减少了人为给定初始各向异性参数值时的盲目性,并将Lamer提出的选择性相关法引入到各向异性参数谱分析中,提高了参数谱分析的效率和精度。
FORTRAN是底层的数值计算语言,计算速度快,VC++提供了强大的交互式界面系统的开发功能。论文通过VC++和Fortran语言的混合编程,实现优势互补,将VTI介质正演模拟与速度、各向异性参数分析模块,以及各向同性介质中地震波场多波正演模拟和速度分析模块,集成于一个软件中,开发了一套较为完整的多波合成地震记录及参数分析软件。该软件已申请并受理计算机软件著作权登记。
论文取得的主要创新性成果有：
(1)在二维VTI介质PP波和PSV波射线追踪中,将各向异性介质中反射、透射系数理论引入正演计算中,通过反射系数,透射系数等参数来实现地震波传播过程中的能量分配,使模拟的地震记录更为客观合理。
(2)将用于速度谱计算的选择性相关法引入到各向异性介质中各向异性参数谱的计算中,用于提高参数谱的分辨率,进而提高了参数谱分析的精度。
(3)提出了改进的二维VTI介质转换波单参数分析法。对VTI介质进行转换波各向异性参数分析时,借助PP波的已知信息,对各向异性介质中PSV波参数先进行估算,然后计算参数谱,提高了计算的速度,减少了不必要的计算过程,达到进一步提高转换波各向异性参数分析的精度和效率的目的。
Forward of seismic data and analysis on parameter play an important role in seismic exploration. Usually, we assume all the media on earth is isotropic, but it is actually anisotropic. Propagation of seismic wave in anisotropic media is more complex than that in isotropic media, so it is important that how to simulate the propagation of seismic wave in anisotropic media and do analysis on anisotropic parameters. Velocity analysis is a key problem in seismic data processing. To realize high-accuracy velocity analysis, we must take anisotropic parameters into account.
Based on anisotropic theory, this paper analyzes the rule of phase velocity and group velocity in transverse isotropic media, discusses the characteristic of ray in anisotropic media. It does ray tracing of PP wave and PSV wave in VTI media. Except for the travel time is calculated, the approximate root of reflection and transmission coefficients is also calculated. And by calculating the coefficients, energy is distributed in the process of seismic wave propagation, which simulates more perfectly the propagation of seismic wave in anisotropic media.
Anisotropic parameters have an effect on P-wave data, but it is not presented evidently on seismic record. And S-wave data is sensitive to anisotropic parameters. So, when doing parameter analysis on anisotropic media, it is necessary to do multicomponent exploration. The study of anisotropic parameters is now a hot research subject, but the technique of parameter analysis and the accuracy of spectrum of anisotropic parameters need further improvement. This paper still adopts the measurements of single scan on PP wave data, and improves the method of PSV wave data by using efficiently the multi-component, which tries to get rid of our blindness of setting the initial parameters. Selective-correlation method by Ceils in2002in velocity analysis is used in anisotropic parameter analysis in this paper, which improves the accuracy of parameter spectrum.
Fortran is a kind of numerical computation language with a high calculating speed and VC++is a kind of language providing a strong function of developing a mutual interface. By mix-programming of Fortran and VC++, this paper develops a set of software with the modules of seismic wave simulation, velocity analysis, parameter analysis on isotropic and anisotropic media.
The innovative achievements in this paper are as follows:
(1) Energy of seismic wave is distributed by calculating the approximate root of reflection and transmission coefficients in ray tracing of PP wave and PSV wave in VTI media, which makes seismic record to be simulated more reasonable.
(2) Selective-correlation method in velocity analysis is used in anisotropic parameter analysis to calculate parameter spectrum, which improves the accuracy of parameter spectrum.
(3) The improved method of PSV wave data are put forward, which uses fully the information of velocity and parameter analysis on PP wave data to estimate the parameter of PSV wave at first, and then calculate parameter spectrum. It increases speed and omits the need for excessive affixture calculation to improve efficiency of anisotropic parameter analysis on PSV wave data.
引文
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