建设中国商业银行职业经理人队伍构想
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摘要
一、选题的意义和研究目的
改革开放以来,中国的商业银行整体实力不断增强,近年来,占据金融主导地位的国有商业银行进行了股权制度改革,并按照现代企业制度的要求,建立法人治理结构,形成了以国有资本为主体、多种股份制为补充的新的金融架构,各类商业银行控制和抵御风险能力不断提高,对于国民经济发展起到了积极的推进作用。
面对金融市场全面开放的新格局,中国的商业银行在进一步繁荣国内金融市场的同时,面临着多重挑战,这其中包括战略选择的挑战、产品创新的挑战、经营理念的挑战、管理水平的挑战、风险控制的挑战和服务水平的挑战。
纵观中国各类商业银行的现状,在法人治理结构、内部管理方法、金融产品创新和激励约束机制等方面都与外资金融机构存在一定的差距。中国的商业银行要想在本土迎接外资金融机构挑战的同时走出国门,参与国际金融市场竞争,就必须在两个方面进行改进。一是对商业银行全部按照现代企业制度的要求进行股份制改造,进一步完善法人治理结构,二是尽快引进职业经理人制度,努力造就一支具有中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍,以尽快适应社会主义市场经济发展需要,在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。
本文研究的目的就是通过对职业经理人制度相关理论的研究,深入分析当前我国商业银行在激烈的市场竞争中的发展态势和对职业化人才的需求,通过引入职业经理人制度,探索建立具有中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍,以有效防范金融风险,全面提高商业银行市场竞争力。
本项研究通过对现代企业制度和委托代理理论及相关理论的研究,阐明一般职业经理人的生存基础和发展空间；通过对目前国内外有关职业经理人的研究成果的分析,根据职业经理人能力胜任模型的研究成果,揭示一般职业经理人所必备的能力要求和素质要求；从我国商业银行在国民经济中的地位和作用以及应对激烈的市场竞争出发,通过对商业银行进行现代企业制度改革,.将商业银行所有权与经营权分离的现实情况和发展趋势的分析,揭示商业银行对职业经理人的需求态势；通过对中国改革开放后职业经理人现状分析,揭示中国职业经理人制度目前存在的问题和制度缺陷,进一步论述引进职业经理人制度的必要性和紧迫性；通过对我国商业银行特殊性和我国现行经济体制及商业银行发展方向的研究,设计出造就具有一定中国特色商业银行职业经理人队伍的途径。
本项研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。从理论方面讲,职业经理人制度本身是个舶来品,在我国还是一个新生事物。职业经理人产生和赖以生存的条件是建立所有权和经营权分离的现代企业制度。我国正处于经济变革时期,深入探讨职业经理人在商业银行的作用,具有积极的研究价值。从实践方面来看,改革开放以来,经过不断改进和完善,商业银行已经从过去的行政管理体制走向市场,即使是国家主导的四大国有银行也陆续实行了股份制改造,建立了现代企业制度,演变成为国家控股商业银行。这些变革,无疑为金融职业经理人的诞生、使用、再造和成长提供了条件。因此,深入探讨职业经理人在金融领域中的作用,对于进一步完善商业银行法人治理结构、缔造新一代金融银行家、在激烈的国际竞争中充分发挥金融支持国民经济的作用具有十分重要的现实意义。
二、本文研究方法
本项研究主要采取了以下四种方法。一是理论先导法,通过相关理论的研究,引申出职业经理人的生存基础和成长条件,为中国商业银行全面引进职业经理人奠定理论基础;二是比较分析法,通过中外职业经理人生存环境和制度建设的对比分析,找出我国与西方国家在理念、制度、管理方法和环境治理等方面不同,从而制定适合中国职业经理人发展的相关制度和管理办法；三是回顾提示法,通过对我国历史上相对成功的山西票号的相关制度研究,借古喻今,对当今商业银行从业人员职业道德、职业精神以及激励约束机制做了有意义的提示。四是实证说明法,本文选用了部分实例说明职业经理人的社会作用,并以成功人士的成就作为范本,进一步说明了中国的商业银行职业经理人队伍建设和制度建设的重要性。
三、内容与结构
全文共分六章,其基本思路如下。
第一章《导论》,主要阐述论文选题的意义、国内外研究现状以及本论文研究的基点、研究的方法、文献基础等。
第二章《职业经理人制度的理论基础》,主要论述职业经理人赖以生存的理论基础——现代企业制度、委托代理理论、激励理论和诚信法则等相关理论。
第三章《职业经理人的产生及基本素质》,主要论述职业经理人的一般定义、职业经理人自身产生、发展与成长进程、职业经理人的一般特性好职业经理人的素质要求。
第四章《中国商业银行发展前景与职业经理人需求态势》,主要论述商业银行在国民经济中的作用、中国近代史金融机构职业经理人制度和现代企业制度下中国商业银行对职业经理人的需求等问题。
第五章《中国商业银行人力资源管理现状分析》,重点分析中国商业银行用人制度、中国商业银行人力资源管理现状、中国商业银行引进职业经理人的障碍分析、中国商业银行职业经理人生存条件探析及中国商业银行职业经理人的素质要求。
第六章《中国商业银行职业经理人队伍建设创新》,为全文的重点章节。主要论述中国国有商业银行经营管理层由政府任命转向董事会聘任的制度变迁与本质问题、现代金融体制催生金融职业经理人队伍认证制度、建立中国商业银行职业经理人引进及流动机制问题、事业职业经理人在中国商业银行的作用和中国商业银行职业经理人的激励约束等问题。
四、本文主要创新和不足
(一)本文提出了中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍的架构。全面实现现代企业制度的中国商业银行,必须全面引入职业经理人制度,中国商业银行职业经理人除了具备一般职业经理人的基本素质要求、职业标准要求、道德水平要求和能力结构要求外,还应当结合中国的实际,具备中国特色。比如,中国特色的社会主义经济体制要求中国的商业银行职业经理人必须具有面向全社会和人民大众的高度社会责任意识；中华民族深厚的文化积淀要求中国的商业银行职业经理人必须进一步传承和发扬优秀文化传统；适应经济转型要求,中国的商业银行必须形成多层次的职业经理人队伍架构；结合中国实际和有效的管理方法以及社会认知程度,对中国商业银行的职业经理人必须建立多层次和多形式的激励约束机制等。
(二)本文对建设中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍,提出了系统的建议。如：中国商业银行建立现代企业制度、完善法人治理结构是中国特色的商业银行职业经理人生存的前提；拟定符合中国国情的商业银行职业经理人标准是建立中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的核心；制定一系列适应商业银行职业经理人成长的规章制度是建立中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的制度保障；设计商业银行职业经理人培育机制和评价机制是建立中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的重点；完善对商业银行各级经理人激励约束机制是巩固中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的有效措施和控制金融风险的有效手段等。
中国商业银行职业经理人的问题是一个新的研究领域,结合自己的工作实践与理论研究,尽管取得了以上几个方面的研究成果和创新体会,但是由于本人长期从事实际工作,理论基础、知识结构和资料来源等方面受到一定的限制,目前的研究结果肯定存在诸多不足,需要在今后的研究过程中不断完善。随着市场经济的不断深化、金融体制的不断改革、法人治理结构的不断完善和人们职业理念的不断进步,商业银行职业经理人的制度创新、实践推进和理论研究一定会进一步深入和扩展,进一步深入研究这一课题的机遇和空间一定非常广阔。
1. Research Purposes
Since the Reform and Opening up, the overall strength of China's financial institutions has been continuously enhanced, including the abilities to control and resist risks, and thus these institutions are playing positive roles in improving national economy.
Since China's entrance to WTO and the full liberalization of the financial markets, China's domestic financial market is further prospered, and the market competition in the financial sector is immensely intensified at the same time. All these brought new challenges to domestic financial institutions. A serious of reforms was taken on financial institutions in order to contend with those new challenges and opportunities. The major state-owned national banks were transformed into state-controlled commercial banks according to the requirements of modern enterprise system, and established corporate governance structure and the state-owned capital as the mainstay, supplied by a variety of joint-stock financial system. Commercial banks designed and improved their financial products to meet the increasing need by social production and public wealth management. All the commercial bank transformed into national financial service agencies taking responsibilities of social services and national economy from simply providing funds and settlement business credits for enterprises; they abandoned the old business method of waiting for enterprise loans and public savings, initiated professional and people-oriented services, provided wealth management services and all-rounded financial services for their clients, and actively learn from international practices.
However, there is a certain gap between domestic and foreign financial institutions in many fields, such as corporate governance structure, internal management, financial product innovation, and incentive and restraint mechanisms, and so on. In order to meet the challenges placed by foreign capital invested banks within the country, and at the same time to participate in the international financial market competition, it is necessary for the China's commercial banks to make improvements in the following two aspects. First, all commercial banks need to carry out reformation of the shareholding system in accordance with the requirements of modern enterprise system, and to further improve the corporate governance structure. Second, professional manager system must be implemented in order to create a professional bank manager team in accordance with China's special characteristics. All these improvements are aimed to make China's domestic commercial banks ready for the development of china's market economy and the international fierce market competition.
Through theoretical study of the professional manager system related researches, this paper aims to deeply analyze the development trend of China's commercial banks under the pressure of fierce competition and their need for professional talents. By introducing the professional manager system, we seek to establish a Chinese characterized professional manager system of commercial banks, in order to defend various financial risks and improve the market competitiveness of commercial banks.
Through studying modern enterprise systems, the principal-agent theories and other theoretical studies, this paper explained the working condition and further development space of professional managers. After analyzing domestic and abroad research about professional managers and professional managers'competency model, this paper reveals the ability requirements for general professional managers. This paper develops from the perspective of China's commercial banks' status and role in national economy and the fact that they are dealing with fierce market competition, and after studying the modern enterprise system reformation of commercial banks, this paper analyzes the present condition and future development of the separation of ownership and management of commercial banks, and reveals the demand conditions of professional managers in China. By analyzing the present condition of professional managers in China after the Reform and Opening up, this paper illustrates the real-time problems and systematic deficiencies of the existing system, and lightened the necessity and urgency of the introduction of the professional manager system. In the end, considering the particularity of China's commercial banks, China's current economic system and the development of commercial banks, we offered a constructional structure design of professional manager team of China's commercial banks.
This paper is of great theoretical and practical importance. From a theoretical point of view, professional manager system was originally introduced from abroad, and relies on the establishment of the modern enterprise system, which includes the separation of ownership and management. China is in an economic transformation period, so thorough study on the role of professional managers in commercial banks is of positive theoretical value. In practical terms, since the Reform and Opening up, a lot of improvements have been made to the financial institutions, which went through administrative management to market competition, particularly commercial banks. Even the four major state-owned national banks were changed according to the joint-stock transformation into state-controlled commercial banks. All these changes would undoubtedly provide opportunities for the production, usage, reproduction, and success of the financial professional managers. Therefore, deep discussion of professional managers'role in financial sectors is very important for further improvement of the corporate governance structure of financial enterprises, creation a new generation of financial bankers, and the full display of financial institutions'role to support national economy in fierce global competition.
2. Research Approaches
The following four approaches were adopted in this paper. The first approach is analysis method. This paper analyzes and compares the domestic and international professional managers'working environment and institutions, and finds the differences between China and western countries in the field of concept, institution, management, and environmental governance, and then builds management systems suitable for the development of China's professional managers. The second approach is empirical analysis. A lot of examples are introduced in this paper to explain the social role of professional managers, and some successful examples are illustrated to further explain the importance of the team construction and institution construction of professional managers in China's commercial banks. The third approach is theoretic leading approach. Through studying related researches, this paper explores the working conditions and further development space of professional managers, and thus lays the theoretical foundations of implementing professional manager system for China's commercial banks. The last approach is retrospective method. By studying the institution of Shanxi's comparatively successful draft bank as an ancient metaphor for today's use, this paper offers some meaningful tips for professional ethics, professionalism, as well as incentive and restraint mechanisms for the commercial banks.
3. Content and structure
The full text is divided into six chapters.
Introduction, The first chapter illustrates the main purpose of this paper, the present domestic and abroad researches, as well as the basic points of this paper, research methodology, and literature bibliography.
Theoretical foundation of the professional managers system
This chapter focuses on the theoretical foundation upon which the professional managers develop, including the principal-agent theory, the theory of modern human resources, as well as game theory, and so on.
Professional managers'competence model
This chapter focuses on the general definition, the characteristics, the requirement, and the development of professional managers.
The development prospects of China's commercial banks and the demand condition of professional managers
Chapter four mainly illustrates the role of commercial banks in the national economy. It discusses the professional manager system of financial institutions in modem history, and China's commercial banks'demand for professional managers under modern enterprise system.
Analysis of present HRM situation of China's commercial banks
Chapter five focuses on the personnel systems in China's commercial banks and the present condition of HRM of China's commercial banks; and analyzed the introduction barriers of professional managers of China's commercial banks, and present conditions for those professional managers.
Constructional innovation of professional manager teams in China's Commercial Banks
This is the key chapter of the whole paper. The requirements for those professional managers and the subjective and objective conditions for their development are further explored in this chapter. And it also analyzes the constructional structure building of professional manager team, the special role of professional managers in socialist cause of China, and the incentive and restriction mechanism for them, and so on.
4. Theoretical innovation and shortage of this paper
(1)This paper puts forward the constructional structure of professional manager team in China's commercial banks. Upon the entrance to WTO, China's commercial banks must employ the professional manager system. Those professional managers should not only possess basic quality, professional requirement, professional ethics, and abilities, but also be suitable for Chinese present situation. For instance, because of the requirement of socialist economy with Chinese Characteristics, the professional managers in China's commercial banks must have a high degree of awareness of public service and social responsibility. The rich cultural heritage in China also requires those professional managers of commercial banks to promote these national cultural merits. In order to meet the requirement of economic transformation, professional manager team in China's commercial banks should be multi-level structured. The incentive and restriction mechanism for professional managers in China's commercial banks must also be structured by various levels and formats, combined with practical and effective management methods and social recognition.
(2)This paper offers some systematic suggestions for constructional structure building of professional manager teams in China's commercial banks. For example, the establishment of a modern enterprise system and the improvement of corporate governance structure for China's commercial banks are the premise for development of these professional managers in China's commercial bank. Setting up a standard for those professional managers in accordance with Chinese reality is the core step to build professional manager teams in China's commercial banks, with the establishment a serious of bylaws suitable for the development of professional managers in commercial banks being the institutional assurance and designing the breeding and evaluation system for the professional managers in commercial banks being the key point; and the improvement of incentive and restriction mechanism for commercial bank managers of every level being the effective method to strengthen the professional manager team and to control financial risks.
The problem of professional managers of China's financial business is a brand new research field. Combined with my own work experience and theoretical studies, I put forward these research proposals and innovative ideas. However, because I have been engaged in practical work for a long time, and my theoretical study, knowledge structure, and resources are subject to certain limitations, the results of my current study are not fully satisfying, which needs further research and perfection. With the continuous deepening of the market economy, the reformation of the financial system, and the improvement of the corporate governance structure and people's career understanding, the systematic innovation, practical and theoretical research will definitely be expanded. There would be a wide space for further study in this area.
改革开放以来,中国的商业银行整体实力不断增强,近年来,占据金融主导地位的国有商业银行进行了股权制度改革,并按照现代企业制度的要求,建立法人治理结构,形成了以国有资本为主体、多种股份制为补充的新的金融架构,各类商业银行控制和抵御风险能力不断提高,对于国民经济发展起到了积极的推进作用。
面对金融市场全面开放的新格局,中国的商业银行在进一步繁荣国内金融市场的同时,面临着多重挑战,这其中包括战略选择的挑战、产品创新的挑战、经营理念的挑战、管理水平的挑战、风险控制的挑战和服务水平的挑战。
纵观中国各类商业银行的现状,在法人治理结构、内部管理方法、金融产品创新和激励约束机制等方面都与外资金融机构存在一定的差距。中国的商业银行要想在本土迎接外资金融机构挑战的同时走出国门,参与国际金融市场竞争,就必须在两个方面进行改进。一是对商业银行全部按照现代企业制度的要求进行股份制改造,进一步完善法人治理结构,二是尽快引进职业经理人制度,努力造就一支具有中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍,以尽快适应社会主义市场经济发展需要,在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。
本文研究的目的就是通过对职业经理人制度相关理论的研究,深入分析当前我国商业银行在激烈的市场竞争中的发展态势和对职业化人才的需求,通过引入职业经理人制度,探索建立具有中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍,以有效防范金融风险,全面提高商业银行市场竞争力。
本项研究通过对现代企业制度和委托代理理论及相关理论的研究,阐明一般职业经理人的生存基础和发展空间；通过对目前国内外有关职业经理人的研究成果的分析,根据职业经理人能力胜任模型的研究成果,揭示一般职业经理人所必备的能力要求和素质要求；从我国商业银行在国民经济中的地位和作用以及应对激烈的市场竞争出发,通过对商业银行进行现代企业制度改革,.将商业银行所有权与经营权分离的现实情况和发展趋势的分析,揭示商业银行对职业经理人的需求态势；通过对中国改革开放后职业经理人现状分析,揭示中国职业经理人制度目前存在的问题和制度缺陷,进一步论述引进职业经理人制度的必要性和紧迫性；通过对我国商业银行特殊性和我国现行经济体制及商业银行发展方向的研究,设计出造就具有一定中国特色商业银行职业经理人队伍的途径。
本项研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。从理论方面讲,职业经理人制度本身是个舶来品,在我国还是一个新生事物。职业经理人产生和赖以生存的条件是建立所有权和经营权分离的现代企业制度。我国正处于经济变革时期,深入探讨职业经理人在商业银行的作用,具有积极的研究价值。从实践方面来看,改革开放以来,经过不断改进和完善,商业银行已经从过去的行政管理体制走向市场,即使是国家主导的四大国有银行也陆续实行了股份制改造,建立了现代企业制度,演变成为国家控股商业银行。这些变革,无疑为金融职业经理人的诞生、使用、再造和成长提供了条件。因此,深入探讨职业经理人在金融领域中的作用,对于进一步完善商业银行法人治理结构、缔造新一代金融银行家、在激烈的国际竞争中充分发挥金融支持国民经济的作用具有十分重要的现实意义。
二、本文研究方法
本项研究主要采取了以下四种方法。一是理论先导法,通过相关理论的研究,引申出职业经理人的生存基础和成长条件,为中国商业银行全面引进职业经理人奠定理论基础;二是比较分析法,通过中外职业经理人生存环境和制度建设的对比分析,找出我国与西方国家在理念、制度、管理方法和环境治理等方面不同,从而制定适合中国职业经理人发展的相关制度和管理办法；三是回顾提示法,通过对我国历史上相对成功的山西票号的相关制度研究,借古喻今,对当今商业银行从业人员职业道德、职业精神以及激励约束机制做了有意义的提示。四是实证说明法,本文选用了部分实例说明职业经理人的社会作用,并以成功人士的成就作为范本,进一步说明了中国的商业银行职业经理人队伍建设和制度建设的重要性。
三、内容与结构
全文共分六章,其基本思路如下。
第一章《导论》,主要阐述论文选题的意义、国内外研究现状以及本论文研究的基点、研究的方法、文献基础等。
第二章《职业经理人制度的理论基础》,主要论述职业经理人赖以生存的理论基础——现代企业制度、委托代理理论、激励理论和诚信法则等相关理论。
第三章《职业经理人的产生及基本素质》,主要论述职业经理人的一般定义、职业经理人自身产生、发展与成长进程、职业经理人的一般特性好职业经理人的素质要求。
第四章《中国商业银行发展前景与职业经理人需求态势》,主要论述商业银行在国民经济中的作用、中国近代史金融机构职业经理人制度和现代企业制度下中国商业银行对职业经理人的需求等问题。
第五章《中国商业银行人力资源管理现状分析》,重点分析中国商业银行用人制度、中国商业银行人力资源管理现状、中国商业银行引进职业经理人的障碍分析、中国商业银行职业经理人生存条件探析及中国商业银行职业经理人的素质要求。
第六章《中国商业银行职业经理人队伍建设创新》,为全文的重点章节。主要论述中国国有商业银行经营管理层由政府任命转向董事会聘任的制度变迁与本质问题、现代金融体制催生金融职业经理人队伍认证制度、建立中国商业银行职业经理人引进及流动机制问题、事业职业经理人在中国商业银行的作用和中国商业银行职业经理人的激励约束等问题。
四、本文主要创新和不足
(一)本文提出了中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍的架构。全面实现现代企业制度的中国商业银行,必须全面引入职业经理人制度,中国商业银行职业经理人除了具备一般职业经理人的基本素质要求、职业标准要求、道德水平要求和能力结构要求外,还应当结合中国的实际,具备中国特色。比如,中国特色的社会主义经济体制要求中国的商业银行职业经理人必须具有面向全社会和人民大众的高度社会责任意识；中华民族深厚的文化积淀要求中国的商业银行职业经理人必须进一步传承和发扬优秀文化传统；适应经济转型要求,中国的商业银行必须形成多层次的职业经理人队伍架构；结合中国实际和有效的管理方法以及社会认知程度,对中国商业银行的职业经理人必须建立多层次和多形式的激励约束机制等。
(二)本文对建设中国特色的商业银行职业经理人队伍,提出了系统的建议。如：中国商业银行建立现代企业制度、完善法人治理结构是中国特色的商业银行职业经理人生存的前提；拟定符合中国国情的商业银行职业经理人标准是建立中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的核心；制定一系列适应商业银行职业经理人成长的规章制度是建立中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的制度保障；设计商业银行职业经理人培育机制和评价机制是建立中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的重点；完善对商业银行各级经理人激励约束机制是巩固中国商业银行职业经理人队伍的有效措施和控制金融风险的有效手段等。
中国商业银行职业经理人的问题是一个新的研究领域,结合自己的工作实践与理论研究,尽管取得了以上几个方面的研究成果和创新体会,但是由于本人长期从事实际工作,理论基础、知识结构和资料来源等方面受到一定的限制,目前的研究结果肯定存在诸多不足,需要在今后的研究过程中不断完善。随着市场经济的不断深化、金融体制的不断改革、法人治理结构的不断完善和人们职业理念的不断进步,商业银行职业经理人的制度创新、实践推进和理论研究一定会进一步深入和扩展,进一步深入研究这一课题的机遇和空间一定非常广阔。
1. Research Purposes
Since the Reform and Opening up, the overall strength of China's financial institutions has been continuously enhanced, including the abilities to control and resist risks, and thus these institutions are playing positive roles in improving national economy.
Since China's entrance to WTO and the full liberalization of the financial markets, China's domestic financial market is further prospered, and the market competition in the financial sector is immensely intensified at the same time. All these brought new challenges to domestic financial institutions. A serious of reforms was taken on financial institutions in order to contend with those new challenges and opportunities. The major state-owned national banks were transformed into state-controlled commercial banks according to the requirements of modern enterprise system, and established corporate governance structure and the state-owned capital as the mainstay, supplied by a variety of joint-stock financial system. Commercial banks designed and improved their financial products to meet the increasing need by social production and public wealth management. All the commercial bank transformed into national financial service agencies taking responsibilities of social services and national economy from simply providing funds and settlement business credits for enterprises; they abandoned the old business method of waiting for enterprise loans and public savings, initiated professional and people-oriented services, provided wealth management services and all-rounded financial services for their clients, and actively learn from international practices.
However, there is a certain gap between domestic and foreign financial institutions in many fields, such as corporate governance structure, internal management, financial product innovation, and incentive and restraint mechanisms, and so on. In order to meet the challenges placed by foreign capital invested banks within the country, and at the same time to participate in the international financial market competition, it is necessary for the China's commercial banks to make improvements in the following two aspects. First, all commercial banks need to carry out reformation of the shareholding system in accordance with the requirements of modern enterprise system, and to further improve the corporate governance structure. Second, professional manager system must be implemented in order to create a professional bank manager team in accordance with China's special characteristics. All these improvements are aimed to make China's domestic commercial banks ready for the development of china's market economy and the international fierce market competition.
Through theoretical study of the professional manager system related researches, this paper aims to deeply analyze the development trend of China's commercial banks under the pressure of fierce competition and their need for professional talents. By introducing the professional manager system, we seek to establish a Chinese characterized professional manager system of commercial banks, in order to defend various financial risks and improve the market competitiveness of commercial banks.
Through studying modern enterprise systems, the principal-agent theories and other theoretical studies, this paper explained the working condition and further development space of professional managers. After analyzing domestic and abroad research about professional managers and professional managers'competency model, this paper reveals the ability requirements for general professional managers. This paper develops from the perspective of China's commercial banks' status and role in national economy and the fact that they are dealing with fierce market competition, and after studying the modern enterprise system reformation of commercial banks, this paper analyzes the present condition and future development of the separation of ownership and management of commercial banks, and reveals the demand conditions of professional managers in China. By analyzing the present condition of professional managers in China after the Reform and Opening up, this paper illustrates the real-time problems and systematic deficiencies of the existing system, and lightened the necessity and urgency of the introduction of the professional manager system. In the end, considering the particularity of China's commercial banks, China's current economic system and the development of commercial banks, we offered a constructional structure design of professional manager team of China's commercial banks.
This paper is of great theoretical and practical importance. From a theoretical point of view, professional manager system was originally introduced from abroad, and relies on the establishment of the modern enterprise system, which includes the separation of ownership and management. China is in an economic transformation period, so thorough study on the role of professional managers in commercial banks is of positive theoretical value. In practical terms, since the Reform and Opening up, a lot of improvements have been made to the financial institutions, which went through administrative management to market competition, particularly commercial banks. Even the four major state-owned national banks were changed according to the joint-stock transformation into state-controlled commercial banks. All these changes would undoubtedly provide opportunities for the production, usage, reproduction, and success of the financial professional managers. Therefore, deep discussion of professional managers'role in financial sectors is very important for further improvement of the corporate governance structure of financial enterprises, creation a new generation of financial bankers, and the full display of financial institutions'role to support national economy in fierce global competition.
2. Research Approaches
The following four approaches were adopted in this paper. The first approach is analysis method. This paper analyzes and compares the domestic and international professional managers'working environment and institutions, and finds the differences between China and western countries in the field of concept, institution, management, and environmental governance, and then builds management systems suitable for the development of China's professional managers. The second approach is empirical analysis. A lot of examples are introduced in this paper to explain the social role of professional managers, and some successful examples are illustrated to further explain the importance of the team construction and institution construction of professional managers in China's commercial banks. The third approach is theoretic leading approach. Through studying related researches, this paper explores the working conditions and further development space of professional managers, and thus lays the theoretical foundations of implementing professional manager system for China's commercial banks. The last approach is retrospective method. By studying the institution of Shanxi's comparatively successful draft bank as an ancient metaphor for today's use, this paper offers some meaningful tips for professional ethics, professionalism, as well as incentive and restraint mechanisms for the commercial banks.
3. Content and structure
The full text is divided into six chapters.
Introduction, The first chapter illustrates the main purpose of this paper, the present domestic and abroad researches, as well as the basic points of this paper, research methodology, and literature bibliography.
Theoretical foundation of the professional managers system
This chapter focuses on the theoretical foundation upon which the professional managers develop, including the principal-agent theory, the theory of modern human resources, as well as game theory, and so on.
Professional managers'competence model
This chapter focuses on the general definition, the characteristics, the requirement, and the development of professional managers.
The development prospects of China's commercial banks and the demand condition of professional managers
Chapter four mainly illustrates the role of commercial banks in the national economy. It discusses the professional manager system of financial institutions in modem history, and China's commercial banks'demand for professional managers under modern enterprise system.
Analysis of present HRM situation of China's commercial banks
Chapter five focuses on the personnel systems in China's commercial banks and the present condition of HRM of China's commercial banks; and analyzed the introduction barriers of professional managers of China's commercial banks, and present conditions for those professional managers.
Constructional innovation of professional manager teams in China's Commercial Banks
This is the key chapter of the whole paper. The requirements for those professional managers and the subjective and objective conditions for their development are further explored in this chapter. And it also analyzes the constructional structure building of professional manager team, the special role of professional managers in socialist cause of China, and the incentive and restriction mechanism for them, and so on.
4. Theoretical innovation and shortage of this paper
(1)This paper puts forward the constructional structure of professional manager team in China's commercial banks. Upon the entrance to WTO, China's commercial banks must employ the professional manager system. Those professional managers should not only possess basic quality, professional requirement, professional ethics, and abilities, but also be suitable for Chinese present situation. For instance, because of the requirement of socialist economy with Chinese Characteristics, the professional managers in China's commercial banks must have a high degree of awareness of public service and social responsibility. The rich cultural heritage in China also requires those professional managers of commercial banks to promote these national cultural merits. In order to meet the requirement of economic transformation, professional manager team in China's commercial banks should be multi-level structured. The incentive and restriction mechanism for professional managers in China's commercial banks must also be structured by various levels and formats, combined with practical and effective management methods and social recognition.
(2)This paper offers some systematic suggestions for constructional structure building of professional manager teams in China's commercial banks. For example, the establishment of a modern enterprise system and the improvement of corporate governance structure for China's commercial banks are the premise for development of these professional managers in China's commercial bank. Setting up a standard for those professional managers in accordance with Chinese reality is the core step to build professional manager teams in China's commercial banks, with the establishment a serious of bylaws suitable for the development of professional managers in commercial banks being the institutional assurance and designing the breeding and evaluation system for the professional managers in commercial banks being the key point; and the improvement of incentive and restriction mechanism for commercial bank managers of every level being the effective method to strengthen the professional manager team and to control financial risks.
The problem of professional managers of China's financial business is a brand new research field. Combined with my own work experience and theoretical studies, I put forward these research proposals and innovative ideas. However, because I have been engaged in practical work for a long time, and my theoretical study, knowledge structure, and resources are subject to certain limitations, the results of my current study are not fully satisfying, which needs further research and perfection. With the continuous deepening of the market economy, the reformation of the financial system, and the improvement of the corporate governance structure and people's career understanding, the systematic innovation, practical and theoretical research will definitely be expanded. There would be a wide space for further study in this area.
引文
[1]《财智》2004年第6期 作者 张培德 朱俊艳
[1]宋学宝职业经理人的游戏规则《IT经理世界》2001、83 作者 宋学宝
[1]《论语•子路》,《论语•颜渊》
[2]《论语学而》
[2](《荀子·不苟》)
[1]黄汉祥《企业研究》2003第10期下
[1]陈松林 给职业经理人定位
[1]彭剑锋 赵文进 职业经理人革命与职业经理人价值 2009-3-1 全球品牌网
[1]郑有林 写于2002年,首发于《深圳特区报》
[1]《财智》2004年第6期 作者 张培德 朱俊艳
[1]美国詹姆斯·H·罗宾斯《敬业》世界图书出版公司2004年2月出版
[1]黄汉祥《企业研究》2003第10期下
[1]清人徐珂《清稗类钞·农商类》
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[1]宋学宝职业经理人的游戏规则《IT经理世界》2001、83 作者 宋学宝
[1]《论语•子路》,《论语•颜渊》
[2]《论语学而》
[2](《荀子·不苟》)
[1]黄汉祥《企业研究》2003第10期下
[1]陈松林 给职业经理人定位
[1]彭剑锋 赵文进 职业经理人革命与职业经理人价值 2009-3-1 全球品牌网
[1]郑有林 写于2002年,首发于《深圳特区报》
[1]《财智》2004年第6期 作者 张培德 朱俊艳
[1]美国詹姆斯·H·罗宾斯《敬业》世界图书出版公司2004年2月出版
[1]黄汉祥《企业研究》2003第10期下
[1]清人徐珂《清稗类钞·农商类》
[1]《山西票号史料》第590、591页,山西人民出版社1990年版
[1]张正明 邓泉 《平遥票号商》,51页,山西教育出版社1997年版
[1]梁小民 中国式诚信的利与弊2009-2-2 全球品牌网 《新财经》
1、彼得·德鲁克：《管理的实践》机械工业出版社2006年1月第一版
2、詹姆斯·H·罗宾斯《敬业》副标题：美国员工职业精神培训手册(实用版)世界图书出版公司2004年2月出版
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