广州数字林业多系统集成研究
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摘要
林业信息化是现代林业建设的重要组成部分,是促进林业科学发展的重要手段。目前我国的林业信息化建设存在应用系统建设缺乏统一规划、系统集成缺乏统一的集成框架体系且集成度低、集成平台没有统一的接口标准等问题。因此,如何利用先进的理论和技术对林业多应用系统进行集成,构建统一的数字林业信息化平台,以促进林业决策科学化、办公规范化和服务便捷化,成为目前亟需研究的重要课题。本文的研究内容来源于“广州数字林业及大树名木保护系统建设项目”(编号：GZIT2010-ZB0533),论文综述了国内外数字林业和多系统集成相关内容的研究现状与发展趋势,以系统科学、信息学、管理学、经济学和软件工程学理论为指导,深入调查研究了广州市森林资源和数字林业建设现状、地方社会经济和自然地理概况。运用3S集成技术、数据库技术、数据挖掘技术、多媒体技术、虚拟现实技术和系统工程方法,对广州数字林业多系统集成开展了如下研究：
(1)结合数字林业的特点对多系统集成的相关理论与技术进行了研究,构建了基于SOA理论Web Service实现的“微内核+插件”的技术架构,将核心功能封装为系统的内核以服务的方式对外发布,其他功能则依据服务的接口和规范进行扩展,通过插件的方式提供。
(2)结合国内外同类研究,在充分分析了数字林业各应用系统的用户角色、功能结构、数据库以及各系统之间相互关系的基础上,探讨了数字林业多系统集成研究的必要性,明确了进行数字林业多系统集成的目标,并设计了数字林业多系统集成的整体逻辑结构框架。
(3)构建了数字林业多系统集成平台,并对集成平台的分层结构、总体业务逻辑和功能结构进行了设计,对平台软硬件环境进行了规划,设计了平台的网络逻辑结构和拓扑结构。根据数据库理论分析并设计了集成平台的所有数据库,包括基础地理数据库、林业专题数据库等,并完成了从数据库的逻辑设计到空间数据的分层设计、参考设计以及矢量数据和栅格数据的存储等建设。
(4)制定了平台的标准服务接口、空间功能服务接口和业务数据服务接口,对服务的注册与发布、服务的查找与调用、服务的定制等进行了系统的研究,开发了资源目录管理系统用于发布平台提供的数据集和各种服务的有关描述信息,用户通过该系统可以得到平台提供的所有空间数据分类信息和对外服务接口。
(5)对平台提供的应用系统统一框架进行了设计,为应用系统建设提供了统一的界面框架、任务框架、权限体系等基础支撑框架,设计了应用系统基于框架进行二次开发的“服务+适配器+Open API"的模式,并对应用系统与审批系统的关系以及应用系统的“市局—区局—镇街”三级应用模式进行了分析。
(6)基于SOA理论构建了数字林业业务定制平台,对平台的整体架构和功能结构进行了详细的设计,并制定了基于业务定制平台定制业务的具体步骤。大部分业务可以通过业务定制平台完成并形成插件,由平台应用系统框架整合插件,降低了组件间的耦合度,可在更高的层次上实现软件复用,有助于提高系统的兼容性、扩展性、灵活性、可靠性和网络支持,实现软件的无缝集成。
(7)数字林业多系统集成过程中林业空间数据地理实体的空间分布与空间属性涉及国家政治、经济和军事敏感信息,为了保证其安全性,研究发现用Logistic混沌映射迭代所产生的结果序列进行数据加密的不足,提出了相应的改进算法,并制定了用该算法对林业空间数据进行加密的算法流程。该算法输出序列随机性更好,不仅没有空白窗口和稳定窗口,而且分布更均匀,同时密钥空间也大幅提高。实验表明,加密后图像隐藏了点的坐标以及地理实体之间的相对位置关系,完全是混沌状态,达到很好的保密效果。
(8)林业专题图制作过程复杂、成本高,对其进行版权保护意义重大。研究分析了JPEG图像压缩的不变属性,在此基础上提出了在JPEG格式的林业专题图像中高频系数中嵌入水印信息的DCT域数字水印算法,由于是在中高频系数上嵌入水印信息,增加了水印的嵌入容量,也使嵌入的水印信息有较好的不可感知性。当用高于预设质量因子对载密林业专题图进行有损压缩后,该算法仍能准确提取所嵌入的水印信息,同时对噪声干扰也具有一定的鲁棒性。
数字林业多系统集成是一个涉及多部门、多学科的综合性系统工程,包含人的集成、组织的集成、技术的集成、数据的集成、应用的集成以及服务的集成,同时又受自然环境和社会经济等诸多因素的制约,信息量大且动态性强。随着生态环境建设力度的不断加大,对数字林业建设的要求越来越高,数字林业多系统集成研究意义重大,任重而道远。
Forestry informatization is not only an important part of modern forestry construction, but also an important means to promote the development of forestry science. At present, our forestry informatization construction has some problems:the construction of application systems lacks unified planning; the system integration lacks unified framework while the integration degree is quite low; the integration platform lacks unifrom interface standard, etc. Therefore, how to take advantage of the advanced theory and technology to integrate forestry multi-application system and to create a unified digital forestry information platform and then promote scientific forestry decision-making, standard work and convenient services becomes an urgent and important issue. The research content of this article comes from "Guangzhou digital forestry and famous trees protection system construction project"(No:GZIT2010-ZB0533). The paper summarized current research and development trend of internal and external digital forestry and multi-system integration. It also deeply researches the current situation of forest resource, digital forestry construction status, local social economy and nature geography summary of Ghuangzhou city on the basis of system science, information science, management science, economics and software engineering theory. By using3S integrated technology, database technology, data mining technology, multimedia technology, virtual reality technology and system engineering method, the paper develops following researches about Guangzhou digital forestry multi-system integration:
(1) The relative theories and technologies of multi-system integration are studied combining with the characteristics of digital forestry. A technology architecture which called "microkernel+plug-in" that based on the SOA theory and Web Service is built. The core functions are packaged as system kernel and be released in a service pattern. Meanwhile, other functions are extended based on interfaces and specifications of service and then provided as plug-ins.
(2) Combining with similar internal and external researches, the necessity of digital forestry multi-system integration research is discussed based on the full analysis of roles, functional structure, databases of digital forestry applications and its relationship. The goal of digital forestry multi-system integration is cleared and the overall logic frame is designed.
(3) The digital forestry multi-system integration platform has been constructed and the hierarchy construction, overall business logic and functional construction are all designed. The software and hardware environment of the platform are planned as well as the net logic and topology construction. According to database theory, all the database of the integration platform are analyzed and designed, including basic geography database, forestry special topic database, etc. Meanwhile, the hierarchy construction from logical design of databases to spatial data, reference design and storages of vector data and raster data are all well constructed.
(4) The interfaces of standard services, space functional services, business data services of the platform are all established. The service registration and publication, service searching and calling, service customization are studied in a system and detailed way. A resource catalogue management system is developed to release relative description of manage data sets and various services that provided by the platform. By using this system, users can get all spatial data classified information and external service interfaces that provided by platform.
(5) A unified framework of application systems provided by platform is designed, which provides a uniform interface frame, task frame, authority system and other basic supporting frames for application system construction. The secondary development mode of application systems based on the framework is designed which called "service+adapter+Open API". The relationship between application systems and approval system and three level application modes of the application system are analyzed.
(6) The business customization platform is built based on SOA theory, and its overall structure and functional structure are designed in detail. The specific steps of the business customization are also given based on the platform. Most of the business can be finished by using the platform and form a plug-in, and then integrated plug-ins by the system framework of platform application system. It reduces the coupling between components and realizes software reuse in a higher level. Besides, it also helps on improving system compatibility, scalability, flexibility, reliability, network support and realizing seamless integration of the software.
(7) Spatial distribution and properties of the geographic entities about forestry spatial data involves the country's political, economic and military sensitive information. In order to ensure their safety, deficiency of the data encryption of resulting sequence by using logistic chaos mapping are analyzed. Moreover, an improved algorithm aimed to this deficiency is proposed and the flow of data encryption using this algorithm for forestry spatial data is given. The sequence created by this algorithm has better randomness without blank window and stable window. Furthermore, it has better uniform distribution and larger key space. Experiments show that encrypted image has completely chaotic state to achieve excellent confidentiality effect by hiding point coordinates and the relative position between geographic entities.
(8) The production process of forestry thematic maps is complex and the cost is very expensive, so protecting its copyright has great significance. The invariance property of JPEG compression is analyzed. Then a DCT digital watermarking algorithm, in which watermark information is embedded in median and high frequency coefficients of forestry thematic maps, is proposed. As a result, this proposed algorithm has larger embedding capacity and better imperceptibility. After loss compress to forestry thematic map with quality factor that higher than preliminary value, the algorithm can accurately extract embedded watermark while robustness against noisy can be maintained.
(9) Digital forestry multi-system integration is a comprehensive systematic project which involves many departments, multi-disciplinary, and it also includes the integration of people, organizations, technology, data, application and service. At the same time, it is constrained by many factors such as natural environment and social economy. Therefore it has a large amount of information and strong dynamic characteristic. With the acceleration of ecological environment construction and higher requirements of digital forestry construction, the research of digital forestry multi-system integration has significant meaning but still has a long way to go.
(1)结合数字林业的特点对多系统集成的相关理论与技术进行了研究,构建了基于SOA理论Web Service实现的“微内核+插件”的技术架构,将核心功能封装为系统的内核以服务的方式对外发布,其他功能则依据服务的接口和规范进行扩展,通过插件的方式提供。
(2)结合国内外同类研究,在充分分析了数字林业各应用系统的用户角色、功能结构、数据库以及各系统之间相互关系的基础上,探讨了数字林业多系统集成研究的必要性,明确了进行数字林业多系统集成的目标,并设计了数字林业多系统集成的整体逻辑结构框架。
(3)构建了数字林业多系统集成平台,并对集成平台的分层结构、总体业务逻辑和功能结构进行了设计,对平台软硬件环境进行了规划,设计了平台的网络逻辑结构和拓扑结构。根据数据库理论分析并设计了集成平台的所有数据库,包括基础地理数据库、林业专题数据库等,并完成了从数据库的逻辑设计到空间数据的分层设计、参考设计以及矢量数据和栅格数据的存储等建设。
(4)制定了平台的标准服务接口、空间功能服务接口和业务数据服务接口,对服务的注册与发布、服务的查找与调用、服务的定制等进行了系统的研究,开发了资源目录管理系统用于发布平台提供的数据集和各种服务的有关描述信息,用户通过该系统可以得到平台提供的所有空间数据分类信息和对外服务接口。
(5)对平台提供的应用系统统一框架进行了设计,为应用系统建设提供了统一的界面框架、任务框架、权限体系等基础支撑框架,设计了应用系统基于框架进行二次开发的“服务+适配器+Open API"的模式,并对应用系统与审批系统的关系以及应用系统的“市局—区局—镇街”三级应用模式进行了分析。
(6)基于SOA理论构建了数字林业业务定制平台,对平台的整体架构和功能结构进行了详细的设计,并制定了基于业务定制平台定制业务的具体步骤。大部分业务可以通过业务定制平台完成并形成插件,由平台应用系统框架整合插件,降低了组件间的耦合度,可在更高的层次上实现软件复用,有助于提高系统的兼容性、扩展性、灵活性、可靠性和网络支持,实现软件的无缝集成。
(7)数字林业多系统集成过程中林业空间数据地理实体的空间分布与空间属性涉及国家政治、经济和军事敏感信息,为了保证其安全性,研究发现用Logistic混沌映射迭代所产生的结果序列进行数据加密的不足,提出了相应的改进算法,并制定了用该算法对林业空间数据进行加密的算法流程。该算法输出序列随机性更好,不仅没有空白窗口和稳定窗口,而且分布更均匀,同时密钥空间也大幅提高。实验表明,加密后图像隐藏了点的坐标以及地理实体之间的相对位置关系,完全是混沌状态,达到很好的保密效果。
(8)林业专题图制作过程复杂、成本高,对其进行版权保护意义重大。研究分析了JPEG图像压缩的不变属性,在此基础上提出了在JPEG格式的林业专题图像中高频系数中嵌入水印信息的DCT域数字水印算法,由于是在中高频系数上嵌入水印信息,增加了水印的嵌入容量,也使嵌入的水印信息有较好的不可感知性。当用高于预设质量因子对载密林业专题图进行有损压缩后,该算法仍能准确提取所嵌入的水印信息,同时对噪声干扰也具有一定的鲁棒性。
数字林业多系统集成是一个涉及多部门、多学科的综合性系统工程,包含人的集成、组织的集成、技术的集成、数据的集成、应用的集成以及服务的集成,同时又受自然环境和社会经济等诸多因素的制约,信息量大且动态性强。随着生态环境建设力度的不断加大,对数字林业建设的要求越来越高,数字林业多系统集成研究意义重大,任重而道远。
Forestry informatization is not only an important part of modern forestry construction, but also an important means to promote the development of forestry science. At present, our forestry informatization construction has some problems:the construction of application systems lacks unified planning; the system integration lacks unified framework while the integration degree is quite low; the integration platform lacks unifrom interface standard, etc. Therefore, how to take advantage of the advanced theory and technology to integrate forestry multi-application system and to create a unified digital forestry information platform and then promote scientific forestry decision-making, standard work and convenient services becomes an urgent and important issue. The research content of this article comes from "Guangzhou digital forestry and famous trees protection system construction project"(No:GZIT2010-ZB0533). The paper summarized current research and development trend of internal and external digital forestry and multi-system integration. It also deeply researches the current situation of forest resource, digital forestry construction status, local social economy and nature geography summary of Ghuangzhou city on the basis of system science, information science, management science, economics and software engineering theory. By using3S integrated technology, database technology, data mining technology, multimedia technology, virtual reality technology and system engineering method, the paper develops following researches about Guangzhou digital forestry multi-system integration:
(1) The relative theories and technologies of multi-system integration are studied combining with the characteristics of digital forestry. A technology architecture which called "microkernel+plug-in" that based on the SOA theory and Web Service is built. The core functions are packaged as system kernel and be released in a service pattern. Meanwhile, other functions are extended based on interfaces and specifications of service and then provided as plug-ins.
(2) Combining with similar internal and external researches, the necessity of digital forestry multi-system integration research is discussed based on the full analysis of roles, functional structure, databases of digital forestry applications and its relationship. The goal of digital forestry multi-system integration is cleared and the overall logic frame is designed.
(3) The digital forestry multi-system integration platform has been constructed and the hierarchy construction, overall business logic and functional construction are all designed. The software and hardware environment of the platform are planned as well as the net logic and topology construction. According to database theory, all the database of the integration platform are analyzed and designed, including basic geography database, forestry special topic database, etc. Meanwhile, the hierarchy construction from logical design of databases to spatial data, reference design and storages of vector data and raster data are all well constructed.
(4) The interfaces of standard services, space functional services, business data services of the platform are all established. The service registration and publication, service searching and calling, service customization are studied in a system and detailed way. A resource catalogue management system is developed to release relative description of manage data sets and various services that provided by the platform. By using this system, users can get all spatial data classified information and external service interfaces that provided by platform.
(5) A unified framework of application systems provided by platform is designed, which provides a uniform interface frame, task frame, authority system and other basic supporting frames for application system construction. The secondary development mode of application systems based on the framework is designed which called "service+adapter+Open API". The relationship between application systems and approval system and three level application modes of the application system are analyzed.
(6) The business customization platform is built based on SOA theory, and its overall structure and functional structure are designed in detail. The specific steps of the business customization are also given based on the platform. Most of the business can be finished by using the platform and form a plug-in, and then integrated plug-ins by the system framework of platform application system. It reduces the coupling between components and realizes software reuse in a higher level. Besides, it also helps on improving system compatibility, scalability, flexibility, reliability, network support and realizing seamless integration of the software.
(7) Spatial distribution and properties of the geographic entities about forestry spatial data involves the country's political, economic and military sensitive information. In order to ensure their safety, deficiency of the data encryption of resulting sequence by using logistic chaos mapping are analyzed. Moreover, an improved algorithm aimed to this deficiency is proposed and the flow of data encryption using this algorithm for forestry spatial data is given. The sequence created by this algorithm has better randomness without blank window and stable window. Furthermore, it has better uniform distribution and larger key space. Experiments show that encrypted image has completely chaotic state to achieve excellent confidentiality effect by hiding point coordinates and the relative position between geographic entities.
(8) The production process of forestry thematic maps is complex and the cost is very expensive, so protecting its copyright has great significance. The invariance property of JPEG compression is analyzed. Then a DCT digital watermarking algorithm, in which watermark information is embedded in median and high frequency coefficients of forestry thematic maps, is proposed. As a result, this proposed algorithm has larger embedding capacity and better imperceptibility. After loss compress to forestry thematic map with quality factor that higher than preliminary value, the algorithm can accurately extract embedded watermark while robustness against noisy can be maintained.
(9) Digital forestry multi-system integration is a comprehensive systematic project which involves many departments, multi-disciplinary, and it also includes the integration of people, organizations, technology, data, application and service. At the same time, it is constrained by many factors such as natural environment and social economy. Therefore it has a large amount of information and strong dynamic characteristic. With the acceleration of ecological environment construction and higher requirements of digital forestry construction, the research of digital forestry multi-system integration has significant meaning but still has a long way to go.
引文
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