高硫煤矸石废弃地重金属污染特征及其迁移规律研究
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摘要
以贵州织金矿区某高硫煤矸石废弃地为研究对象,通过实地调查、室内测试及模拟试验,系统研究了Fe、Mn、Al、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As等重金属元素在高硫煤矸石-土壤-水-生物系统中的污染特征及其迁移规律。研究发现高硫矸石中Cu超标,周围土壤中Cu、Cd、Cr严重超标,但这些元素的贵州土壤环境背景值较高,农田土壤只存在轻微潜在生态风险。废弃矸石堆及其周围地表水体酸化十分严重,Fe、Mn、Hg严重超标,潜在生态危害风险较高。通过模拟试验,深入探讨了在模拟酸雨及矸石堆酸性废水胁迫下,高硫矸石及农田土壤中重金属的迁移规律。通过种子发芽试验和斑马鱼胚胎急性毒性试验,揭示了高硫矸石、矸石堆周围污染土壤以及地表水体对作物和水生生物生长发育的影响。
Through the field investigation, laboratory experiment and simulation test, the paper selects the high-sulphur coal gangue abandoned land in Zhijin county in Guizhou province as the research object, and researches systematically the pollution characters and migration rules of the heavy metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, As and so on in high-sulphur coal gangue-soil-water-biological system. It has found that the average content of Cu exceeds the standard in the high-sulphur coal gangues, and the contents of Cu, Cd, Cr in soils around gangue piles exceed the national standard badly too. But the soil environmental background values of these elements in Guizhou are higher; the potential ecological risk of the farmland soil is only slight. Acidification is not only very serious in water on and around the abandoned coal gangue piles, but the concentration of Fe, Mn and Hg severely exceed the standard, so which the potential ecological harm risk is higher. Through the simulation test, the paper discusses thoroughly on the migration rules of the heavy metals in the high-sulphur gangues and farmland soil under the stress of acid rain and the acidic sewage with heavy metals in the abandoned pool. Through the seed germination tests and zebrafish embryonic acute toxicity tests, the effects of the high-sulphur gangue, polluted soil and surface water around the gangue piles to the growth and development of crop and aquatic biology are revealed.
Through the field investigation, laboratory experiment and simulation test, the paper selects the high-sulphur coal gangue abandoned land in Zhijin county in Guizhou province as the research object, and researches systematically the pollution characters and migration rules of the heavy metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, As and so on in high-sulphur coal gangue-soil-water-biological system. It has found that the average content of Cu exceeds the standard in the high-sulphur coal gangues, and the contents of Cu, Cd, Cr in soils around gangue piles exceed the national standard badly too. But the soil environmental background values of these elements in Guizhou are higher; the potential ecological risk of the farmland soil is only slight. Acidification is not only very serious in water on and around the abandoned coal gangue piles, but the concentration of Fe, Mn and Hg severely exceed the standard, so which the potential ecological harm risk is higher. Through the simulation test, the paper discusses thoroughly on the migration rules of the heavy metals in the high-sulphur gangues and farmland soil under the stress of acid rain and the acidic sewage with heavy metals in the abandoned pool. Through the seed germination tests and zebrafish embryonic acute toxicity tests, the effects of the high-sulphur gangue, polluted soil and surface water around the gangue piles to the growth and development of crop and aquatic biology are revealed.
引文
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