高性能石油储罐用钢开发
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摘要
随着国家战略石油储备基地建设的展开,对大型石油储罐用高强度钢板的需求日益增加。建造容积在10万m3以上的大型石油储罐对罐体材料提出了很高的综合性能要求：高强度、高韧性、高均匀性和高稳定性,同时具有良好的大线能量焊接性能。迄今为止,我国建造大型石油储罐用高强度钢板基本依赖进口,其价格昂贵且不能保证供货时间。针对国内石油储罐用高强度钢的生产现状,结合首钢公司“高附加值宽厚钢板产品开发”项目,进行了高性能石油储罐用钢开发。论文主要研究工作和结果如下：
(1)从石油储罐用钢的使用性能特点出发,以国标GB19189-2003成分要求为基础,采用降C添加微量Nb、Ti,降低Mn、Mo含量并严格控制Pcm、S、P的成分优化设计路线,确定了高性能石油储罐用钢的化学成分。
(2)利用MMS-300热力模拟试验机,进行高温淬火实验和连续冷却转变实验,确定了试验钢的临界转变温度、绘制了静态和动态CCT曲线,研究了石油储罐用钢的加热温度、热变形及冷却工艺参数对组织演变的影响规律。结果表明,加热温度在1150-1200℃之间奥氏体晶粒均匀细小,变形提高了试验钢的相变开始温度,当冷却速度为25～30℃/s时,可获得马氏体和贝氏体组织。
(3)通过对调质热处理过程中石油储罐用钢组织性能变化规律及机理进行系统的研究,确定了其具有良好的组织形态与综合力学性能的淬火温度范围为910～950℃,回火温度范围为640～660℃。研究表明：随着淬火温度的升高,马氏体板条束长度方向明显变长,而宽度方向变化较小,强度呈明显上升趋势,延伸率和冲击功略有降低；随着回火温度的升高,强度呈先慢后快的下降趋势,冲击功和延伸率逐渐升高,马氏体板条内的位错重新排列形成亚晶粒,高于680℃回火时碳化物才开始发生聚集粗化。
(4)进行了石油储罐用钢的控轧和轧后模拟在线直接淬火实验,研究了奥氏体未再结晶区总压下率、直接淬火温度、回火温度等对其组织性能的影响规律。结果表明,当未再结晶区总压下率为60%、直接淬火温度在850～910℃之间、回火温度在640～680℃范围内时,试验钢具有良好的综合力学性能。
(5)通过对淬火态下直接淬火钢和再加热淬火钢的组织性能进行对比分析,结果表明,直接淬火钢因形变热处理效应而有细小且弥散的碳化物析出,导致其强度高于再加热淬火钢的强度,两者的延伸率相当,-20℃的冲击功均在180J以上。经相同回火处理后,冲击功和延伸率均显著提高,前者强度的下降幅度小于后者,表现出良好的回火稳定性。证实了采用在线直接淬火工艺是提高石油储罐用钢强韧性能的有效手段。
(6)通过斜Y型坡口焊接裂纹试验、焊接热模拟试验及气电立焊焊接试验,深入系统的研究了石油储罐用钢的焊接性能,得出了线能量和峰值温度对焊接热影响区组织性能的影响规律。结果表明：开发的石油储罐用钢焊接冷裂纹倾向较小,在100kJ/cm的大热输入条件下,焊接接头的强度与母材相当,其各部位仍表现出良好的综合力学性能。
(7)基于实验室的研究结果设计了石油储罐用钢板(SG610E)的成分,制定了相应的轧制及热处理工艺制度,成功试制了不同厚度规格SG610E钢板,其力学性能和使用性能达到或超过国家标准要求,并顺利通过了全国锅炉压力容器标准化技术委员会的技术评审。
The development of the national strategic oil reserve base construction increases the requirement of large oil storage tank steel plates. The construction of large oil storage tanks with volume more than100,000m3increases the combination properties requirement of tank materials:high strength, high toughness, high uniformity and high stability, meanwhile, it has better high heat input welding ability. So far, high strength steel plates for large oil storage tank construction in China almost all depend on imports, it's expensive and can not ensure date of delivery. The high performance steel plates for large oil storage tank were developed according to the production status of high strength oil storage tank steel plates inland, and integrating with the Capital Steel Co. project of "The Research and Development Center of High Additional Value Wide and Heavy Plate". The main works and results of this paper are as follows:
(1)According to the performance characteristics of large oil storage tank steel plate, chemical compositions of high performance steel plate for large oil storage tank has been determined by decreasing carbon, manganese and molybdenum, adding micro-content niobium and titanium, and strictly controlling Pcm, sulphur and phosphorus, which is based on GB19189-2003chemical compositions requirement.
(2)Using the MMS-300thermal simulator, high temperature quenching experiment and continuous cooling transformation experiment were performed to determine critical transition temperature of tested steel, draw static and dynamic CCT curves. The effect of heating temperature、hot deformation and cooling process parameters on microstructure evolution has been investigated. The results showed that uniform and fine austenite grain structures can be produced when the heating temperature at the range of1150～1200℃, deformation increases the beginning transformation temperatures and martensite and bainite can be obtain when the cooling velocity is between25℃/s and30℃/s.
(3)The microstructure and mechanical properties variation during quenching and tempering of oil storage tanks steel have been systematically studied in this thesis. It is found that the steel has excellent combination mechanical properties when the range of quenching temperature and tempering temperature are850～910℃and640～680℃, respectively. The results showed that the length of martensite laths obviously increased with the increasing of quenching temperature, while the width of martensite laths had no significant change. There were increasing trend of strength, decreasing slightly of elongation ratio and impact energy of tested steel with the increase of quenching temperature. It is showed that with the increase of tempering temperature, the sub grains were formed by rearranging of dislocations in the martensite lath, and carbides began to aggregate and coarsen when the tempering temperature is higher than680℃. The strength of tested steel first slow, quick decreased, on the contrary, impact energy and elongation ratio were rising as the tempering temperature increase.
(4) The effect of total reduction in non-recrystallization region, direct quenching temperature and tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of oil storage tank steel has been investigated during controlled rolling and simulation on-line direct quenching after hot rolling. There was excellent combination mechanical properties of tested steel when the total reduction in non-recrystallization region is60%, direct quenched at the range of85O～910℃, tempered at the range of640～680℃
(5)The microstructure and mechanical properties of direct quenching steel and reheat quenching steel have been compared. The direct quenching steel has already precipitated fine and dispersed carbides during quenching due to thermomechanical treatment effect, which leads to higher strength than those of reheat quenching one. The tensile strength and yield strength of direct quenching steel were obviously higher than those of reheat quenching steel, the percentage elongation was approximate and the impact energy of them was more than180J at-20℃. The strength reduce of the former is lower than the latter, both impact energy and percentage elongation of them increased significantly through the same tempering treatment, which Shows a good tempering resistance of direct quenching steels. It is proved that on-line direct quenching process is an effective method to improve the strength and toughness properties of oil storage tank steel.
(6)The weldability of oil storage tank steel was investigated deeply and thoroughly by Y-groove type cracking experiment, welding thermal simulation experiment and gas-electric vertical position welding experiment.The effect of different heat input and peak temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of heat affected zone was obtained through thermo mechanical simulation experiments.The results showed that the developed oil storage tank steel has small weld cold cracking tendency. On condition that the large heat input was less than100kJ/cm, the welded joints of steel and base metal had excellent mechanical properties and good low temperature toughness.
(7)Based on the results of laboratory studies, the chemical compositions of SG610E steel has been designed, and the corresponding system of rolling and heat treatment process has been determined. Industry trial-production of oil storage tank steel with different thickness specifications was done successfully. The mechanical properties and using performance met or exceeded the national standard requirement and successfully passed the National Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standardization Technical Committee for technical review.
(1)从石油储罐用钢的使用性能特点出发,以国标GB19189-2003成分要求为基础,采用降C添加微量Nb、Ti,降低Mn、Mo含量并严格控制Pcm、S、P的成分优化设计路线,确定了高性能石油储罐用钢的化学成分。
(2)利用MMS-300热力模拟试验机,进行高温淬火实验和连续冷却转变实验,确定了试验钢的临界转变温度、绘制了静态和动态CCT曲线,研究了石油储罐用钢的加热温度、热变形及冷却工艺参数对组织演变的影响规律。结果表明,加热温度在1150-1200℃之间奥氏体晶粒均匀细小,变形提高了试验钢的相变开始温度,当冷却速度为25～30℃/s时,可获得马氏体和贝氏体组织。
(3)通过对调质热处理过程中石油储罐用钢组织性能变化规律及机理进行系统的研究,确定了其具有良好的组织形态与综合力学性能的淬火温度范围为910～950℃,回火温度范围为640～660℃。研究表明：随着淬火温度的升高,马氏体板条束长度方向明显变长,而宽度方向变化较小,强度呈明显上升趋势,延伸率和冲击功略有降低；随着回火温度的升高,强度呈先慢后快的下降趋势,冲击功和延伸率逐渐升高,马氏体板条内的位错重新排列形成亚晶粒,高于680℃回火时碳化物才开始发生聚集粗化。
(4)进行了石油储罐用钢的控轧和轧后模拟在线直接淬火实验,研究了奥氏体未再结晶区总压下率、直接淬火温度、回火温度等对其组织性能的影响规律。结果表明,当未再结晶区总压下率为60%、直接淬火温度在850～910℃之间、回火温度在640～680℃范围内时,试验钢具有良好的综合力学性能。
(5)通过对淬火态下直接淬火钢和再加热淬火钢的组织性能进行对比分析,结果表明,直接淬火钢因形变热处理效应而有细小且弥散的碳化物析出,导致其强度高于再加热淬火钢的强度,两者的延伸率相当,-20℃的冲击功均在180J以上。经相同回火处理后,冲击功和延伸率均显著提高,前者强度的下降幅度小于后者,表现出良好的回火稳定性。证实了采用在线直接淬火工艺是提高石油储罐用钢强韧性能的有效手段。
(6)通过斜Y型坡口焊接裂纹试验、焊接热模拟试验及气电立焊焊接试验,深入系统的研究了石油储罐用钢的焊接性能,得出了线能量和峰值温度对焊接热影响区组织性能的影响规律。结果表明：开发的石油储罐用钢焊接冷裂纹倾向较小,在100kJ/cm的大热输入条件下,焊接接头的强度与母材相当,其各部位仍表现出良好的综合力学性能。
(7)基于实验室的研究结果设计了石油储罐用钢板(SG610E)的成分,制定了相应的轧制及热处理工艺制度,成功试制了不同厚度规格SG610E钢板,其力学性能和使用性能达到或超过国家标准要求,并顺利通过了全国锅炉压力容器标准化技术委员会的技术评审。
The development of the national strategic oil reserve base construction increases the requirement of large oil storage tank steel plates. The construction of large oil storage tanks with volume more than100,000m3increases the combination properties requirement of tank materials:high strength, high toughness, high uniformity and high stability, meanwhile, it has better high heat input welding ability. So far, high strength steel plates for large oil storage tank construction in China almost all depend on imports, it's expensive and can not ensure date of delivery. The high performance steel plates for large oil storage tank were developed according to the production status of high strength oil storage tank steel plates inland, and integrating with the Capital Steel Co. project of "The Research and Development Center of High Additional Value Wide and Heavy Plate". The main works and results of this paper are as follows:
(1)According to the performance characteristics of large oil storage tank steel plate, chemical compositions of high performance steel plate for large oil storage tank has been determined by decreasing carbon, manganese and molybdenum, adding micro-content niobium and titanium, and strictly controlling Pcm, sulphur and phosphorus, which is based on GB19189-2003chemical compositions requirement.
(2)Using the MMS-300thermal simulator, high temperature quenching experiment and continuous cooling transformation experiment were performed to determine critical transition temperature of tested steel, draw static and dynamic CCT curves. The effect of heating temperature、hot deformation and cooling process parameters on microstructure evolution has been investigated. The results showed that uniform and fine austenite grain structures can be produced when the heating temperature at the range of1150～1200℃, deformation increases the beginning transformation temperatures and martensite and bainite can be obtain when the cooling velocity is between25℃/s and30℃/s.
(3)The microstructure and mechanical properties variation during quenching and tempering of oil storage tanks steel have been systematically studied in this thesis. It is found that the steel has excellent combination mechanical properties when the range of quenching temperature and tempering temperature are850～910℃and640～680℃, respectively. The results showed that the length of martensite laths obviously increased with the increasing of quenching temperature, while the width of martensite laths had no significant change. There were increasing trend of strength, decreasing slightly of elongation ratio and impact energy of tested steel with the increase of quenching temperature. It is showed that with the increase of tempering temperature, the sub grains were formed by rearranging of dislocations in the martensite lath, and carbides began to aggregate and coarsen when the tempering temperature is higher than680℃. The strength of tested steel first slow, quick decreased, on the contrary, impact energy and elongation ratio were rising as the tempering temperature increase.
(4) The effect of total reduction in non-recrystallization region, direct quenching temperature and tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of oil storage tank steel has been investigated during controlled rolling and simulation on-line direct quenching after hot rolling. There was excellent combination mechanical properties of tested steel when the total reduction in non-recrystallization region is60%, direct quenched at the range of85O～910℃, tempered at the range of640～680℃
(5)The microstructure and mechanical properties of direct quenching steel and reheat quenching steel have been compared. The direct quenching steel has already precipitated fine and dispersed carbides during quenching due to thermomechanical treatment effect, which leads to higher strength than those of reheat quenching one. The tensile strength and yield strength of direct quenching steel were obviously higher than those of reheat quenching steel, the percentage elongation was approximate and the impact energy of them was more than180J at-20℃. The strength reduce of the former is lower than the latter, both impact energy and percentage elongation of them increased significantly through the same tempering treatment, which Shows a good tempering resistance of direct quenching steels. It is proved that on-line direct quenching process is an effective method to improve the strength and toughness properties of oil storage tank steel.
(6)The weldability of oil storage tank steel was investigated deeply and thoroughly by Y-groove type cracking experiment, welding thermal simulation experiment and gas-electric vertical position welding experiment.The effect of different heat input and peak temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of heat affected zone was obtained through thermo mechanical simulation experiments.The results showed that the developed oil storage tank steel has small weld cold cracking tendency. On condition that the large heat input was less than100kJ/cm, the welded joints of steel and base metal had excellent mechanical properties and good low temperature toughness.
(7)Based on the results of laboratory studies, the chemical compositions of SG610E steel has been designed, and the corresponding system of rolling and heat treatment process has been determined. Industry trial-production of oil storage tank steel with different thickness specifications was done successfully. The mechanical properties and using performance met or exceeded the national standard requirement and successfully passed the National Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standardization Technical Committee for technical review.
引文
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