金融危机时期中美财经媒体意见性信息的构架分析
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摘要
本文通过对金融危机时期《中国证券报》和《华尔街日报》的意见性信息的定量和定性分析,展开对媒体构架问题的研究。
本文选取的构架议题是2007年开始的由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机。根据股指走势,本研究为这次金融危机的发展划分了七个时间阶段；根据危机的生命周期理论,本研究将这七个阶段分为了四个时期：潜伏期、爆发期、处理期和解决期。这为本研究提供了时间维度。
本文选取中国的《中国证券报》和美国的《华尔街日报》的意见性信息为文本内容。“意见性信息”在本文中指广义的评论,包括狭义的评论(社论、评论专栏、读者来信)和报纸上其他内容中的意见。因此,本研究编写了两张编码表,分别对主要评论和其他内容的主要意见进行编码,其中,“主要”指文本内容与金融危机相关。金融危机对中国和美国的影响不同,两国媒体对金融危机的构架也不同,这为本研究提供了空间维度。
本文采用的主要研究方法是内容分析,其变量设计的依据来自框架理论提出的构架分析方法,分别是三层构架理论和构架的核心任务理论。“构架”和“框架”在本研究中都指向英语中的frame一词,frame可做动词、亦可做名词,本研究分别用“构架”和“框架”指代以示区别。
本研究使用的另两个构架分析的方法是署名矩阵分析和共词分析。署名矩阵分析帮助我们以“媒体包裹”的方法了解议题的核心组织概念,共词分析在传统的构架分析中常用,是一种在文本中数关键词的方法。另外,对版面元素的观察,为上述三种分析提供基本数据。
这样的研究设计,目的是为了回答两报如何构架金融危机、构架了怎样的金融危机,以及为何如此构架金融危机这三个问题。最后,本文得到这样的推论：媒体构架事件时,在时间的维度上具有“先锋的迟滞”,在空间的维度上具有“冷漠的关照”这两个特征。前者指媒体拥有设置议程的能力,并聚集精英话语,但构架多滞后于事件的发生,对事件发展趋势的判断流于保守；后者指媒体虽看起来充满新闻理想,对事件进行了充分的诊断、预测和动机性构架,但细观数据,可以发现他们对事件的关照存在冷漠的偏爱和严格的禁区。
Global financial crisis started in2007as a result of subprime crisis triggered in the U.S. being the issue, China Securities Journal in China and Wall Street Journal in U.S. being the representatives of media, opinioned text being the content, the dissertation develops the research on media framing, through the major approach of content analysis on basis of frame theory, by analyzing quantitatively and qualitatively on financial crisis related opinioned information in China Securities Journal and Wall Street Journal in the period of financial crisis.
After answering the questions of how, what and why media frame the issue, the dissertation reaches the corollary that the characteristics of media framing can be concluded as pioneer lag on time dimension and aloof concern on space dimension.
本文选取的构架议题是2007年开始的由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机。根据股指走势,本研究为这次金融危机的发展划分了七个时间阶段；根据危机的生命周期理论,本研究将这七个阶段分为了四个时期：潜伏期、爆发期、处理期和解决期。这为本研究提供了时间维度。
本文选取中国的《中国证券报》和美国的《华尔街日报》的意见性信息为文本内容。“意见性信息”在本文中指广义的评论,包括狭义的评论(社论、评论专栏、读者来信)和报纸上其他内容中的意见。因此,本研究编写了两张编码表,分别对主要评论和其他内容的主要意见进行编码,其中,“主要”指文本内容与金融危机相关。金融危机对中国和美国的影响不同,两国媒体对金融危机的构架也不同,这为本研究提供了空间维度。
本文采用的主要研究方法是内容分析,其变量设计的依据来自框架理论提出的构架分析方法,分别是三层构架理论和构架的核心任务理论。“构架”和“框架”在本研究中都指向英语中的frame一词,frame可做动词、亦可做名词,本研究分别用“构架”和“框架”指代以示区别。
本研究使用的另两个构架分析的方法是署名矩阵分析和共词分析。署名矩阵分析帮助我们以“媒体包裹”的方法了解议题的核心组织概念,共词分析在传统的构架分析中常用,是一种在文本中数关键词的方法。另外,对版面元素的观察,为上述三种分析提供基本数据。
这样的研究设计,目的是为了回答两报如何构架金融危机、构架了怎样的金融危机,以及为何如此构架金融危机这三个问题。最后,本文得到这样的推论：媒体构架事件时,在时间的维度上具有“先锋的迟滞”,在空间的维度上具有“冷漠的关照”这两个特征。前者指媒体拥有设置议程的能力,并聚集精英话语,但构架多滞后于事件的发生,对事件发展趋势的判断流于保守；后者指媒体虽看起来充满新闻理想,对事件进行了充分的诊断、预测和动机性构架,但细观数据,可以发现他们对事件的关照存在冷漠的偏爱和严格的禁区。
Global financial crisis started in2007as a result of subprime crisis triggered in the U.S. being the issue, China Securities Journal in China and Wall Street Journal in U.S. being the representatives of media, opinioned text being the content, the dissertation develops the research on media framing, through the major approach of content analysis on basis of frame theory, by analyzing quantitatively and qualitatively on financial crisis related opinioned information in China Securities Journal and Wall Street Journal in the period of financial crisis.
After answering the questions of how, what and why media frame the issue, the dissertation reaches the corollary that the characteristics of media framing can be concluded as pioneer lag on time dimension and aloof concern on space dimension.
引文
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