掺纳米半导体材料放大光纤的研究及超宽带信号在定位传感器系统中的应用
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摘要
本论文涵盖两部分工作内容,第一部分是针对掺纳米半导体材料的放大光纤进行研究,利用改进的化学汽相沉积法制作掺纳米级InP薄膜内包层光纤,并对放大光纤发展到所制备光纤特性进行了分析。光纤放大器的出现很好解决了长距离、高速率、大容量骨干网光纤传输系统中光信号中继放大问题,同时放大光纤作为光纤放大器的核心部件,成为研究的热点,并且未来将主要集中在以纳米半导体材料作为掺杂源的放大光纤研究上。第二部分是针对超宽带(UWB)信号特性,实现其在定位传感器网络中的应用。由于无线频谱资源日益紧张,同时伴随着短距离大容量无线通信市场需求的不断增长,UWB信号得到了越来越多的关注。UWB具备频率密度低,多径干扰免疫能力强,数据传输速率高,收发器系统结构简单,制造成本低,功耗小等特点,使其在短距离无线通信中占有重要的地位,成为未来无线通信系统应用的重要参考。论文的主要工作如下(黑体部分为创新性工作)：
》提出纳米半导体薄膜内包层光纤结构,考虑半导体材料能带结构特性,实现新型结构光纤,并采用改进的化学气相沉积法,在相应实验设备条件下制备出50m纳米半导体薄膜包层光纤；通过对光纤掺杂半导体材料的特性分析,总结归纳了选择InP作为掺杂源,制作放大光纤的原因。同时,从纳米材料的制备、光纤拉制的过程等方面,探讨并制成了掺纳米半导体InP材料放大光纤
(?)通过等离子发射光谱仪和扫描电镜,对制备出的新型结构光纤进行掺杂浓度测试和微观结构观察；同时,由测试系统得到制备光纤的光放大增益曲线和超连续谱,获得光纤的放大增益同时,得到随泵浦光和测试光纤长度增加,非线性效应越明显；
》由纳米半导体的光电特性分析出发,InP纳米材料其电子吸收跃迁,形成激子,由于激子与杂质离子之间的作用类似于氢原子中电子与原子核之间的相互作用,是以离子为中心的点电荷库仑场对激子的作用,可以参考类氢原子模型进行分析；首次应用氢原子本征能量模型计算了InP、ZnO、InSb纳米半导体产生量子尺寸效应的相对粒径,给出InP微粒产生量子尺寸效应的相对粒径aB=8.313nm,根据分析得出需考虑量子尺寸效应对材料特性的影响,分别计算了量子尺寸效应、介电限域效应、里德伯能对微粒能带变化产生的影响；计算粒子的带隙能量与光吸收波长的对应关系：伴随着纳米材料光纤中InP微粒尺寸r在5-50nm变化,其相应的带隙能量E的变化范围为从0.73到1.02eV,光吸收波长λ为1220～1700nm。此波长范围为光通信系统中光纤传输的低损耗窗口,具有十分重要的应用价值。由测试工作系统测试,在906—1044nm、1080—1491nm、1524—1596nm波段上均有增益
(?)总结近距无线通信发展,对UWB从原理、技术、应用、标准等方面进行讨论,从UWB的基本定义出发,对其特性进行了分析,归纳出选择UWB作为本论文系统应用的原因
(?)分析定位传感器系统的应用,并对其实现定位的方法进行讨论,制定利用UWB信号作为传感器之间无线传输信号,传感器收发信系统设计,利于不同环境需要,同时满足对已有收发器的兼容问题；在一个既有相关接收和FSR-UWB的系统中如何实现收发器的结构,这就在超宽带通信不同种类的网络,不同的接收器具、不同的复杂程度和功耗要求上得到了满足
(?)使用UWB无线脉冲收发技术,解决传感器信号传输,利用CR-UWB技术,采用Barker Codes对发送信号进行正交编码,完成系统收发器结构,并对系统性能进行分析,得到其在多径衰落信道条件下以及AWGN信道条件下误码率特性,由于所采用的编码在自相关性上具有优势,有利于系统时间同步
The research work of this thesis consists of two topics. The first topic focus on the investigation of the nano-semiconductor materials doped amplification fiber and the fabrication of nano InP firm doped inner cladding fiber with MCVD. The development of amplification fiber and the analysis of fabricated fiber are discussed. At present in optical communication system, the signal travels a long distance depending on fiber transmission. As a long length, high data rate and high capacity optic fiber transmission system in the main communication network, the system has to amplify or rebuild the fading optical signal at relay, which become a great demand for the development of practical optical amplifiers and network. The proposed optical amplifier, which eventually involved extensive research efforts to attempt improving its performance by the development of EDFA, resolved the relay problem. The amplification fiber becomes the key component of optical amplifiers, which is getting more attention in this research field. The dopant source of amplification fiber has been improved from rare earth to nano materials. It can be predicted that nano-semiconductor materials will become to the significant point in the doped fiber. The second topic is about a localization achievement in a sensor system by UWB signal. Because of the wireless spectrum resource becomes rarer, UWB signal application get a vast attention with the increase of short range, high capacity wireless communication consumer. Many UWB's attractive property, such as low spectrum density, high immunity of multipath interference, high data rate, simple transceiver structure, low cost and low power consumption, make itself more important in short range wireless communication as an ideal application technology. The research works in the thesis are summarized as follows:
(?) Propose a novel inner cladding fiber with InP nano thin films structure; by the characteristic analysis of fiber semiconductor dopant, the reason of choosing InP to fabricate fiber has been summarized. Propose and fabricate50m nano-semiconductor InP doped fiber with the manufacture of nano-materials and the process of fiber drawing.
(?) By using plasma emission spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy, test the doping concentration and observe themicro-structure of the novel fiber. Get the optic amplification and supercontinuum generation figures. Nonlinear effects are more obvious when the pump light and tested fiber get longer.
(?) With the analysis of nano-semiconductor's optic electric property, electron and caity of InP forms localization exciton, when the electron absorbs the energy of the photon and transits. The effects of excitons and ions are observed by point charge coulomb field ocused by ions to excitons. Thus, the calculation of excitons intrinsic energy is the same as the calculation of hydrogen atom.Based on the hydrogen atomic model firstly, calculate the relative particle sizeof InP, ZnO and InSb when the quantum size effectget involved. The comparative size of the InP particle has been calculated as a result of aB=8.313nm. Calculate the particle energy band affect with the quantum size effect, the dielectric confinement effect, and Rydberg energy. The change of the energy band of particles with different sizes and light absorption wavelength has been calculated by the quantum size effect. The light absorption wavelength/changes from1220to1700nm; the band gap energy range of InP nano-particles is from0.73to1.02eV, compared to the block InP, for the InP nano-particles in sizes of5-50nm. This wavelength range is the low loss window of optic transmission in fiber communication. This point is valuable in fiber application. From the system testing, the nano InP doped fiber have gain at906-1044nm,1080-1491nm,1524-1596nm.
(?) Summarize the development of short range wireless communication; discuss the theory, technology, application and standard of UWB; analyze the property of UWB based on the basic function of it; conclude the choice reason of UWB in this system mentioned below.
(?) Consider the approach of location in a sensor system; use UWB impulse signal as the transmission radio between sensors; design the transceiver structure which is available for the different environment and the compatibility of existed receiver. The proposed UWB method, in which there is a coherent receiver and an FSR-UWB receiver in one system of this thesis, satisfies the requirement of different network, receiving device, complexity, and energy consumption.
(?) Realize the signal transmission with UWB impulse radio; accomplish the transceiver structure with CR-UWB, which modulate the signal with orthogonal Barker Codes; analyze the characteristic of the system; get the BER curves of the CR system over multipath fading and AWGN channels; analyze the advantage of the code autocorrelation, which benefit the time synchronization of the sensor system.
》提出纳米半导体薄膜内包层光纤结构,考虑半导体材料能带结构特性,实现新型结构光纤,并采用改进的化学气相沉积法,在相应实验设备条件下制备出50m纳米半导体薄膜包层光纤；通过对光纤掺杂半导体材料的特性分析,总结归纳了选择InP作为掺杂源,制作放大光纤的原因。同时,从纳米材料的制备、光纤拉制的过程等方面,探讨并制成了掺纳米半导体InP材料放大光纤
(?)通过等离子发射光谱仪和扫描电镜,对制备出的新型结构光纤进行掺杂浓度测试和微观结构观察；同时,由测试系统得到制备光纤的光放大增益曲线和超连续谱,获得光纤的放大增益同时,得到随泵浦光和测试光纤长度增加,非线性效应越明显；
》由纳米半导体的光电特性分析出发,InP纳米材料其电子吸收跃迁,形成激子,由于激子与杂质离子之间的作用类似于氢原子中电子与原子核之间的相互作用,是以离子为中心的点电荷库仑场对激子的作用,可以参考类氢原子模型进行分析；首次应用氢原子本征能量模型计算了InP、ZnO、InSb纳米半导体产生量子尺寸效应的相对粒径,给出InP微粒产生量子尺寸效应的相对粒径aB=8.313nm,根据分析得出需考虑量子尺寸效应对材料特性的影响,分别计算了量子尺寸效应、介电限域效应、里德伯能对微粒能带变化产生的影响；计算粒子的带隙能量与光吸收波长的对应关系：伴随着纳米材料光纤中InP微粒尺寸r在5-50nm变化,其相应的带隙能量E的变化范围为从0.73到1.02eV,光吸收波长λ为1220～1700nm。此波长范围为光通信系统中光纤传输的低损耗窗口,具有十分重要的应用价值。由测试工作系统测试,在906—1044nm、1080—1491nm、1524—1596nm波段上均有增益
(?)总结近距无线通信发展,对UWB从原理、技术、应用、标准等方面进行讨论,从UWB的基本定义出发,对其特性进行了分析,归纳出选择UWB作为本论文系统应用的原因
(?)分析定位传感器系统的应用,并对其实现定位的方法进行讨论,制定利用UWB信号作为传感器之间无线传输信号,传感器收发信系统设计,利于不同环境需要,同时满足对已有收发器的兼容问题；在一个既有相关接收和FSR-UWB的系统中如何实现收发器的结构,这就在超宽带通信不同种类的网络,不同的接收器具、不同的复杂程度和功耗要求上得到了满足
(?)使用UWB无线脉冲收发技术,解决传感器信号传输,利用CR-UWB技术,采用Barker Codes对发送信号进行正交编码,完成系统收发器结构,并对系统性能进行分析,得到其在多径衰落信道条件下以及AWGN信道条件下误码率特性,由于所采用的编码在自相关性上具有优势,有利于系统时间同步
The research work of this thesis consists of two topics. The first topic focus on the investigation of the nano-semiconductor materials doped amplification fiber and the fabrication of nano InP firm doped inner cladding fiber with MCVD. The development of amplification fiber and the analysis of fabricated fiber are discussed. At present in optical communication system, the signal travels a long distance depending on fiber transmission. As a long length, high data rate and high capacity optic fiber transmission system in the main communication network, the system has to amplify or rebuild the fading optical signal at relay, which become a great demand for the development of practical optical amplifiers and network. The proposed optical amplifier, which eventually involved extensive research efforts to attempt improving its performance by the development of EDFA, resolved the relay problem. The amplification fiber becomes the key component of optical amplifiers, which is getting more attention in this research field. The dopant source of amplification fiber has been improved from rare earth to nano materials. It can be predicted that nano-semiconductor materials will become to the significant point in the doped fiber. The second topic is about a localization achievement in a sensor system by UWB signal. Because of the wireless spectrum resource becomes rarer, UWB signal application get a vast attention with the increase of short range, high capacity wireless communication consumer. Many UWB's attractive property, such as low spectrum density, high immunity of multipath interference, high data rate, simple transceiver structure, low cost and low power consumption, make itself more important in short range wireless communication as an ideal application technology. The research works in the thesis are summarized as follows:
(?) Propose a novel inner cladding fiber with InP nano thin films structure; by the characteristic analysis of fiber semiconductor dopant, the reason of choosing InP to fabricate fiber has been summarized. Propose and fabricate50m nano-semiconductor InP doped fiber with the manufacture of nano-materials and the process of fiber drawing.
(?) By using plasma emission spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy, test the doping concentration and observe themicro-structure of the novel fiber. Get the optic amplification and supercontinuum generation figures. Nonlinear effects are more obvious when the pump light and tested fiber get longer.
(?) With the analysis of nano-semiconductor's optic electric property, electron and caity of InP forms localization exciton, when the electron absorbs the energy of the photon and transits. The effects of excitons and ions are observed by point charge coulomb field ocused by ions to excitons. Thus, the calculation of excitons intrinsic energy is the same as the calculation of hydrogen atom.Based on the hydrogen atomic model firstly, calculate the relative particle sizeof InP, ZnO and InSb when the quantum size effectget involved. The comparative size of the InP particle has been calculated as a result of aB=8.313nm. Calculate the particle energy band affect with the quantum size effect, the dielectric confinement effect, and Rydberg energy. The change of the energy band of particles with different sizes and light absorption wavelength has been calculated by the quantum size effect. The light absorption wavelength/changes from1220to1700nm; the band gap energy range of InP nano-particles is from0.73to1.02eV, compared to the block InP, for the InP nano-particles in sizes of5-50nm. This wavelength range is the low loss window of optic transmission in fiber communication. This point is valuable in fiber application. From the system testing, the nano InP doped fiber have gain at906-1044nm,1080-1491nm,1524-1596nm.
(?) Summarize the development of short range wireless communication; discuss the theory, technology, application and standard of UWB; analyze the property of UWB based on the basic function of it; conclude the choice reason of UWB in this system mentioned below.
(?) Consider the approach of location in a sensor system; use UWB impulse signal as the transmission radio between sensors; design the transceiver structure which is available for the different environment and the compatibility of existed receiver. The proposed UWB method, in which there is a coherent receiver and an FSR-UWB receiver in one system of this thesis, satisfies the requirement of different network, receiving device, complexity, and energy consumption.
(?) Realize the signal transmission with UWB impulse radio; accomplish the transceiver structure with CR-UWB, which modulate the signal with orthogonal Barker Codes; analyze the characteristic of the system; get the BER curves of the CR system over multipath fading and AWGN channels; analyze the advantage of the code autocorrelation, which benefit the time synchronization of the sensor system.
引文
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