隐藏目标时域多信道探测系统新技术研究
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摘要
本文研究的隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统技术，既可用于地下目标的探测，如排雷、地质勘探、公路路基检测、城市地下管网探测等，也可用于地面隐蔽目标的探测，如穿墙探测、建筑质量检测、丛林环境中的目标探测等等。因此，使用时域冲击脉冲技术，实现对隐蔽目标的探测，已成为雷达探测领域的研究热点之一，在军事和民用领域，都具有广泛的应用前景。
本文详细论述了用于隐蔽目标的时域多信道探测系统的组成原理，对系统的重要组成部分如超宽带时域脉冲天线、高幅度多级级联的时域窄脉冲信号、时域多信道接收机等进行了深入的研究。在分析和比较了多种时域超宽带天线，并归纳出天线各参数对系统性能影响规律的基础上，设计出一种具有侧壁渐变式金属背腔的时域脉冲天线；开展时域天线阵列研究，计算分析和修正了时域阵列方向图误差；研究天线和脉冲源的匹配技术，提出对称输出的多级级联电路，并研制出适合与对称天线匹配的万伏级平衡输出窄脉冲源；设计了分时工作的时域多信道接收机并研制出隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统实验样机，并开展了在密集多散射环境、复杂环境、强散射环境中目标探测实验，应用电磁时间反转成像算法成功实现了目标的超分辩率聚焦定位成像。
本文内容包括：隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统的研究背景；隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统的组成原理；高幅度多级级联时域脉冲信号源研制；超宽带时域脉冲天线的研究；时域多信道接收机方案与实现；隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统实验样机研制和多散射复杂环境试验；本文研究工作总结和后续研究工作的建议。
本文的主要贡献和创新点有：
1、设计并研制出超高幅度的对称输出多级级联固态脉冲源，并应用于隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统；
2、首次在时域天线领域提出并采用渐变式背腔，改善了电阻加载领结天线的时域性能，提高了系统收发隔离度；
3、提出了时域阵列天线中，方向图乘法的修正方法，减小了计算方向图的误差，有效提升了目标定位精度；
4、将光时域探测器件应用于隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统中，为增大脉冲源幅度以扩展探测距离，提供了高隔离度保障；
5、设计并研制出分时多信道时域接收系统，降低了时域探测系统的成本，为进一步扩展天线孔径，以及开展三维定位成像研究提供了可行的途径。
In this thesis, hidden target time domain multi-channel detecting system isdiscussed. The system can be used to detecting the underground target, such as mineclearance, geological prospecting, highway subgrade detection, urban undergroundpipeline detection. Besides, it also can be applied to searching for target hidden on theground, such as TWD (through-wall detecting), building quality testing, target detectionin jungle environment. Detecting the hidden targets by time domain pulse has become toone of research hotspots in radar detecting field. It has vast potential for futuredevelopment.
In the thesis, this constitution theory of the detecting system is discussed in detail.The important components, such as ultra-wide band (UWB) time domain pulse antenna,high magnitude multiple cascaded time domain narrow pulse signal, time domainmulti-channel receiver, are researched much deeper. Based on analyzing many kinds ofUWB antennas and generalizing the influence of antenna parameters, a trapezoidalcavity-backed resistance loaded bow tie time domain antenna is designed. The error oftime domain pattern is also revised during the research of time domain UWB array.Matching technique (between antennas and impulse source) and multi-cascaded circuitis proposed. Besides, the balanced output source with ten thousand volts is developed tomatch with antenna. Then, based on designing time domain multi-channel receiver oftime sharing processing, the experimental prototype of hidden target time domainmulti-channel detecting system is manufactured. All of them are proved to work steadilyand effectively. Finally, electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) algorithm is applied torealize super-resolution focus positioning imaging of target.
The thesis is constituted as follows: first, the research background of hidden targettime domain multi-channel detecting system is introduced. Then, constitution theory ofthe detecting system is presented. After that, the designs of UWB time domain pulseantenna and time domain multi-channel receiver are proposed. Besides, the experimentprototype is tested in multiple scattering complex environments. Finally, the conclusionsand the following work are suggested.
The major contributions and innovations are followed as,
1. Symmetrical multi-cascaded solid pulse source with high power is proposed. Itis tested to well in the detecting system.
2. The gradual back cavity design is first proposed in the field of time domainUWB antennas. It doesn’t only improve time domain performance of resistance loadedbow tie antenna, but also elevates the isolation between the receiving and transmittingelements
3. In the time domain pattern measurement, the revised algorithm of patternmultiplication is raised to minimize the error. Therefore, the precision of target locationis elevated effectively.
4. The optics time domain detecting device is applied for enlarging the magnitudeof pulse resource in the system. So, the longer distance and higher isolation areguaranteed.
5. Time domain multi-channel receiver of time sharing processing is developed fordecreasing the cost of time domain detecting system. Feasible way is also given forenlarging antenna caliber and developing three dimensional localizations in the nextwork.
本文详细论述了用于隐蔽目标的时域多信道探测系统的组成原理，对系统的重要组成部分如超宽带时域脉冲天线、高幅度多级级联的时域窄脉冲信号、时域多信道接收机等进行了深入的研究。在分析和比较了多种时域超宽带天线，并归纳出天线各参数对系统性能影响规律的基础上，设计出一种具有侧壁渐变式金属背腔的时域脉冲天线；开展时域天线阵列研究，计算分析和修正了时域阵列方向图误差；研究天线和脉冲源的匹配技术，提出对称输出的多级级联电路，并研制出适合与对称天线匹配的万伏级平衡输出窄脉冲源；设计了分时工作的时域多信道接收机并研制出隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统实验样机，并开展了在密集多散射环境、复杂环境、强散射环境中目标探测实验，应用电磁时间反转成像算法成功实现了目标的超分辩率聚焦定位成像。
本文内容包括：隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统的研究背景；隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统的组成原理；高幅度多级级联时域脉冲信号源研制；超宽带时域脉冲天线的研究；时域多信道接收机方案与实现；隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统实验样机研制和多散射复杂环境试验；本文研究工作总结和后续研究工作的建议。
本文的主要贡献和创新点有：
1、设计并研制出超高幅度的对称输出多级级联固态脉冲源，并应用于隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统；
2、首次在时域天线领域提出并采用渐变式背腔，改善了电阻加载领结天线的时域性能，提高了系统收发隔离度；
3、提出了时域阵列天线中，方向图乘法的修正方法，减小了计算方向图的误差，有效提升了目标定位精度；
4、将光时域探测器件应用于隐蔽目标时域多信道探测系统中，为增大脉冲源幅度以扩展探测距离，提供了高隔离度保障；
5、设计并研制出分时多信道时域接收系统，降低了时域探测系统的成本，为进一步扩展天线孔径，以及开展三维定位成像研究提供了可行的途径。
In this thesis, hidden target time domain multi-channel detecting system isdiscussed. The system can be used to detecting the underground target, such as mineclearance, geological prospecting, highway subgrade detection, urban undergroundpipeline detection. Besides, it also can be applied to searching for target hidden on theground, such as TWD (through-wall detecting), building quality testing, target detectionin jungle environment. Detecting the hidden targets by time domain pulse has become toone of research hotspots in radar detecting field. It has vast potential for futuredevelopment.
In the thesis, this constitution theory of the detecting system is discussed in detail.The important components, such as ultra-wide band (UWB) time domain pulse antenna,high magnitude multiple cascaded time domain narrow pulse signal, time domainmulti-channel receiver, are researched much deeper. Based on analyzing many kinds ofUWB antennas and generalizing the influence of antenna parameters, a trapezoidalcavity-backed resistance loaded bow tie time domain antenna is designed. The error oftime domain pattern is also revised during the research of time domain UWB array.Matching technique (between antennas and impulse source) and multi-cascaded circuitis proposed. Besides, the balanced output source with ten thousand volts is developed tomatch with antenna. Then, based on designing time domain multi-channel receiver oftime sharing processing, the experimental prototype of hidden target time domainmulti-channel detecting system is manufactured. All of them are proved to work steadilyand effectively. Finally, electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) algorithm is applied torealize super-resolution focus positioning imaging of target.
The thesis is constituted as follows: first, the research background of hidden targettime domain multi-channel detecting system is introduced. Then, constitution theory ofthe detecting system is presented. After that, the designs of UWB time domain pulseantenna and time domain multi-channel receiver are proposed. Besides, the experimentprototype is tested in multiple scattering complex environments. Finally, the conclusionsand the following work are suggested.
The major contributions and innovations are followed as,
1. Symmetrical multi-cascaded solid pulse source with high power is proposed. Itis tested to well in the detecting system.
2. The gradual back cavity design is first proposed in the field of time domainUWB antennas. It doesn’t only improve time domain performance of resistance loadedbow tie antenna, but also elevates the isolation between the receiving and transmittingelements
3. In the time domain pattern measurement, the revised algorithm of patternmultiplication is raised to minimize the error. Therefore, the precision of target locationis elevated effectively.
4. The optics time domain detecting device is applied for enlarging the magnitudeof pulse resource in the system. So, the longer distance and higher isolation areguaranteed.
5. Time domain multi-channel receiver of time sharing processing is developed fordecreasing the cost of time domain detecting system. Feasible way is also given forenlarging antenna caliber and developing three dimensional localizations in the nextwork.
引文
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[3] C. Hülsmeyer. German Pat, No.165546,1904
[4] G. Leimbach and H. L wy. German Pat, No.237944,1910
[5] Hulsenbeck&Co.. German Pat, No.489434,1926
[6] C. D. Taylor, D. H. Lam, T. H. Shumpert. Electromagnetic Pulse Scattering in Time VaryingInhomogeneous Media. IEEE Transaction on AP,1969, vol.17:585-589
[7] D. E. Merewether. Transient Currents Induced on a Metallic Body of Revolution by anElectromagnetic Pulse. IEEE Transaction on EMC,1971, vol13:41-44
[8] A. Benson. Applications of ground penetrating radar in assessing some geological hazards：examples of groundwater contamination, faults, caves. Journal of Applied Geophysics,1995,vol.33:177-193
[9] S. Gogineni. High-resolution mapping of near surface internal snow layers with a widebandradar. IEEE Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on GPR,2004,769-761
[10] A.J.Delaney, S.A.Arcone. Crevasse detection with GPR across the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica.IEEE Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on GPR,2004,777-780
[11] J. C. Ralston, D. W. Hainsworth, R. J. McPhee. Application of ground penetrating radar forcoal thickness measurement. IEEE Speech and Image Technologies for Computing andTelecommunications,1997, vol.2:835-838
[12] P. C. Jha, V. R. Balasubramaniam. GPR applications in mapping barrier thickness in coal minessome case studies. IEEE Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on GPR,2004,605-608
[13] S. A. Hagrey, C. Muller. GPR study of pore water content and salinity in sand. GeophysicsProspect,2000, vol.48:63-85
[14] Y. G. Choi et al. Case history of radar system and imaging techniques to the foundation of thestone pagoda at Chungung-dong. IEEE Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference onGPR,2004,483-486
[15] GPR’94, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar,Vol.1-3, Ontario, Canada, June1994
[16] D. J. Daniels. Introduction to Subsurface Radar. IEE Proceedings Radar and Signal,1988,vol.135(4):278-320
[17] D.J. Smith, et al. Ground penetrating radar antenna frequencies and maximum probable depthsof penetration in quaternary sediments, Journal of Application Geophysics,1995, vol.33:93-100
[18] S. Vitebskiy, L. Carin, M. Ressler. et al. Ultra-wideband, short-pulse ground penetrating radar:simulation and measurement. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1997,Vol.35(3):762-772
[19] B. J. Allred, et al. GPR detection of drainage pipes in farmlands. IEEE Proceedings of theTenth International Conference on GPR,2004,307-310
[20] U. Spagnolini, V. Rampa. Multitarget Detection/Tracking for Monostatic Ground PenetratingRadar Application to Pavement Profiling. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and remote sensing,1999, vol.37(1):383-394
[21] D. Huston, N. Pelczarski, B. Esser. Damage detection in roadways with ground penetratingradar. SPIE,2000, vol.4084:91~94.
[22] L. Capineri, L. Masotti, G. Pinelli.3-D Radar imaging of buried utilities by features estimationof hyperbolic diffraction patterns in radar scans. Proceedings of the Tenth InternationalConference on GPR,2004, vol.1:403-406
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