转型期我国地方电网企业可持续发展能力研究
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摘要
我国地理条件的巨大差异以及经济发展的极度不均衡使得地方电力在中国地域广阔的农村找到了其生存发展的空间和理由。作为国家电力的必要补充，地方电力对我国广大的农村地区特别是偏远地区的经济、社会、环境方面都发挥了巨大的不可替代作用，尤其是在突发灾难性事件中更是成为决定性的支撑力量。然而，随着外部环境的变迁包括西部大开发、我国社会主义新农村建设、电力体制市场化改革、更高的资源环境综合利用和环保要求，地方电网企业在迎来良好机遇的同时也面临着巨大的挑战。由于小水电的自身特点，使得地方电网企业在发展过程中普遍出现缺乏清晰的战略定位，盲目发展，资源浪费严重，管理效率不高，市场竞争力不强等诸多问题，地方电网企业如何才能实现可持续发展，更好地承担起历史赋予的责任就成为一个极具研究价值的问题。本文正是针对上述问题，从可持续理论角度出发，通过构架相应的理论分析框架，运用理论模型研究、实证研究和案例研究等方法，对地方电网企业可持续性发展问题进行了深入系统的探讨。
全文共分六章，其基本思路是从电力基本特点出发，通过文献综述发现现有研究的不足，进而提出所研究的问题。随后的章节中按照理论研究、实证研究、案例研究的逻辑逐步展开；第三章首先阐述了我国地方电力发展历程和地位，分析了目前外部环境变化对地方电网企业所带来的挑战，论述了研究地方电网企业可持续发展的重要性。随后通过模糊层次评价模型分析了影响地方电网企业可持续发展的关键因素，并在此基础上，给出了地方电网企业可持续发展能力的理论研究框架即“相关层—核心层—业务层”的层析分析体系；针对所提出的理论分析框架，第四章重点对核心层的三个组成部分即战略定位、公司治理以及营运模式进行了深入的实证和模型研究。其中对战略定位主要研究了地方电网企业多元化决策的影响因素，并根据实证结果，对地方电网企业提出了“强化主业，适当多元化”的战略重新定位；在公司治理方面主要研究了董事会结构对企业经营业绩的影响程度，并由此给出了相应的调整方案；对营运模式方面，主要通过目标规划模型研究了地方电网与国家电网企业的竞合关系，提出了价值网的创新模式；论文第五章以乐山电力为例进行了案例研究，主要是前面理论分析框架的具体运用。通过对乐山电力所处的内外部环境分析，总结其面临的挑战，提出了乐山电力新的战略定位和营运模式；论文最后总结了主要的研究结论，并指出的进一步研究方向。
本文主要贡献包括：首先是建立了对地方电网企业可持续发展能力的理论分析框架，提出“相关层—核心层—业务层”的理论分析体系，构建了地方电网企业可持续发展能力模糊层次分析模型，并对地方电网企业进行了综合评价；其次是以我国目前地方电网企业所有的上市公司为样本，针对核心层的战略决策、公司治理和营运模式进行了深入的实证和模型研究，并根据研究的结果，提出了新的战略和营运模式；再次论文以乐山电力股份有限公司为例，运用所提出的企业可持续发展能力的理论分析框架，深入探讨了乐山电力的战略重新定位、公司治理结构以及营运模式的创新问题，从而为地方电网企业可持续发展提供具有可操作性的指导。
To be special goods, electric power is not only the engine of economy developmentbut also the necessity of people’s daily lives or even their survival. The huge variationon geographic environment and unequilibrium of economic levels in China make itpossible and necessary for local electric power company to survive and develop in vastrural areas where transportation is inconvenient but are rich in water resources. Localelectric power refers to medium or small power stations and their grids, which aresponsored by local government aiming at local rural and county economic development.As an infrastructure industry, local power is crucial to the development of ruraleconomy. However, due to feature of water resource as well as the historical reasons,there are many disadvantages for nearly all local electric power companies such aslacking clear strategy, over-diversification, resource wasting and inefficientmanagement. How to keep on going and develop sustainably has become an urgentproblem for local power companies especially facing with the fierce competition fromlarge state power companies. Combining with theoretical, empirical as well as casestudy methods, this dissertation explores the key problems on sustainable developmentof provincial power company.
This dissertation is structured into six chapters. The logic of this research is first toestablish theoretical framework, then to do empirical study on the key factors, andfinally to use a case to explain the practical value of the theoretical framework. Themain contents are as follows:
In Chapter1, we give a brief introduction of the whole dissertation, including itsbackground, the purpose and approach of this study as well as the main contents andcontributions. In Chapter2, we devote to the literature reviews on electricity researchand sustainable development of enterprise. Based on the review, this chapter also pointsout the limitation of current literature. Chapter3focuses on the theoretical analysis ofprovincial power company’s sustainable development. We first address thecharacteristics of electric power industry from three aspects: electricity goods, powerproducing process and its social feature and then explore challenges they are facing with, which are coming from electric system reform, resource efficient usage andenvironment protection. To further assess the sustainable development capability ofprovincial power companies, we establish Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process model.Based on the realistic assessing results, this dissertation puts forward a“related-core-business” three levels theoretical framework so as to comprehensivelyanalyze the sustainable development of these firms. Furthermore, we elaborate thecore-level analysis, which consists of strategy position, corporate governance andbusiness model.
Chapter4empirically studies the three key issues in core-level. For the strategyre-position, we concentrate on the impact of various factors on diversification decisionof local power companies. Our findings suggest that these firms should avoidover-diversification strategy and pay more attention to their main industry to implementfocus strategies. This chapter also empirically explores the corporate governance oflisted local power companies. Finally using objective planning model, we explore thecoopetition relationship between state power companies and local ones. Chapter5is theapplication of theoretical framework. We employ Leshan Electric Power Co.Ltd. as acase to deeply explore its sustainable development in terms of strategy position andcorporate governance. Based on the internal and external environment analyses, we findit currently faces strong competition from dominant state company and emergingprivate firms. Chapter6summarizes the main results in this disseratation and putforwards the further research direction.
The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: First, throught thecomprehensive external environment analysis, this dissertation emphasizes theimportance of sustainable development of provincial electric power companies. We useFuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Porcess to assess the sustainable development capabilitiesof these companies. This dissertation brings forward a new “related-core-business”three levels framework to systematically analyze the sustainable development of localpower companies; second, using listed local power companies as samples, this studyempirically explores strategy position, corporate governance and business models ofprovincial power companies. On the ground of our findings, we suggest that these firmsshould implement focus strategies and use new business model like value-networkmodel; third, based on the above empirical and theoretical analyses, this dissertation employs Leshan Electric Power Co.Ltd to do a case study and make some suggestionson how to reposition their strategies and improve their business models.
全文共分六章，其基本思路是从电力基本特点出发，通过文献综述发现现有研究的不足，进而提出所研究的问题。随后的章节中按照理论研究、实证研究、案例研究的逻辑逐步展开；第三章首先阐述了我国地方电力发展历程和地位，分析了目前外部环境变化对地方电网企业所带来的挑战，论述了研究地方电网企业可持续发展的重要性。随后通过模糊层次评价模型分析了影响地方电网企业可持续发展的关键因素，并在此基础上，给出了地方电网企业可持续发展能力的理论研究框架即“相关层—核心层—业务层”的层析分析体系；针对所提出的理论分析框架，第四章重点对核心层的三个组成部分即战略定位、公司治理以及营运模式进行了深入的实证和模型研究。其中对战略定位主要研究了地方电网企业多元化决策的影响因素，并根据实证结果，对地方电网企业提出了“强化主业，适当多元化”的战略重新定位；在公司治理方面主要研究了董事会结构对企业经营业绩的影响程度，并由此给出了相应的调整方案；对营运模式方面，主要通过目标规划模型研究了地方电网与国家电网企业的竞合关系，提出了价值网的创新模式；论文第五章以乐山电力为例进行了案例研究，主要是前面理论分析框架的具体运用。通过对乐山电力所处的内外部环境分析，总结其面临的挑战，提出了乐山电力新的战略定位和营运模式；论文最后总结了主要的研究结论，并指出的进一步研究方向。
本文主要贡献包括：首先是建立了对地方电网企业可持续发展能力的理论分析框架，提出“相关层—核心层—业务层”的理论分析体系，构建了地方电网企业可持续发展能力模糊层次分析模型，并对地方电网企业进行了综合评价；其次是以我国目前地方电网企业所有的上市公司为样本，针对核心层的战略决策、公司治理和营运模式进行了深入的实证和模型研究，并根据研究的结果，提出了新的战略和营运模式；再次论文以乐山电力股份有限公司为例，运用所提出的企业可持续发展能力的理论分析框架，深入探讨了乐山电力的战略重新定位、公司治理结构以及营运模式的创新问题，从而为地方电网企业可持续发展提供具有可操作性的指导。
To be special goods, electric power is not only the engine of economy developmentbut also the necessity of people’s daily lives or even their survival. The huge variationon geographic environment and unequilibrium of economic levels in China make itpossible and necessary for local electric power company to survive and develop in vastrural areas where transportation is inconvenient but are rich in water resources. Localelectric power refers to medium or small power stations and their grids, which aresponsored by local government aiming at local rural and county economic development.As an infrastructure industry, local power is crucial to the development of ruraleconomy. However, due to feature of water resource as well as the historical reasons,there are many disadvantages for nearly all local electric power companies such aslacking clear strategy, over-diversification, resource wasting and inefficientmanagement. How to keep on going and develop sustainably has become an urgentproblem for local power companies especially facing with the fierce competition fromlarge state power companies. Combining with theoretical, empirical as well as casestudy methods, this dissertation explores the key problems on sustainable developmentof provincial power company.
This dissertation is structured into six chapters. The logic of this research is first toestablish theoretical framework, then to do empirical study on the key factors, andfinally to use a case to explain the practical value of the theoretical framework. Themain contents are as follows:
In Chapter1, we give a brief introduction of the whole dissertation, including itsbackground, the purpose and approach of this study as well as the main contents andcontributions. In Chapter2, we devote to the literature reviews on electricity researchand sustainable development of enterprise. Based on the review, this chapter also pointsout the limitation of current literature. Chapter3focuses on the theoretical analysis ofprovincial power company’s sustainable development. We first address thecharacteristics of electric power industry from three aspects: electricity goods, powerproducing process and its social feature and then explore challenges they are facing with, which are coming from electric system reform, resource efficient usage andenvironment protection. To further assess the sustainable development capability ofprovincial power companies, we establish Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process model.Based on the realistic assessing results, this dissertation puts forward a“related-core-business” three levels theoretical framework so as to comprehensivelyanalyze the sustainable development of these firms. Furthermore, we elaborate thecore-level analysis, which consists of strategy position, corporate governance andbusiness model.
Chapter4empirically studies the three key issues in core-level. For the strategyre-position, we concentrate on the impact of various factors on diversification decisionof local power companies. Our findings suggest that these firms should avoidover-diversification strategy and pay more attention to their main industry to implementfocus strategies. This chapter also empirically explores the corporate governance oflisted local power companies. Finally using objective planning model, we explore thecoopetition relationship between state power companies and local ones. Chapter5is theapplication of theoretical framework. We employ Leshan Electric Power Co.Ltd. as acase to deeply explore its sustainable development in terms of strategy position andcorporate governance. Based on the internal and external environment analyses, we findit currently faces strong competition from dominant state company and emergingprivate firms. Chapter6summarizes the main results in this disseratation and putforwards the further research direction.
The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: First, throught thecomprehensive external environment analysis, this dissertation emphasizes theimportance of sustainable development of provincial electric power companies. We useFuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Porcess to assess the sustainable development capabilitiesof these companies. This dissertation brings forward a new “related-core-business”three levels framework to systematically analyze the sustainable development of localpower companies; second, using listed local power companies as samples, this studyempirically explores strategy position, corporate governance and business models ofprovincial power companies. On the ground of our findings, we suggest that these firmsshould implement focus strategies and use new business model like value-networkmodel; third, based on the above empirical and theoretical analyses, this dissertation employs Leshan Electric Power Co.Ltd to do a case study and make some suggestionson how to reposition their strategies and improve their business models.
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