城市污水处理厂曝气节能方法与技术
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摘要
在当前能源紧缺的大背景下，可持续发展、绿色发展成为人们关注的话题。污水处理属于能耗密集型行业，污水厂能源消耗在全社会各行业消耗总量中占有一定的比例，城市污水处理厂的节能减排越来越受到国家的重视，但城市污水处理厂节能降耗技术在能耗核算管理、节能降耗途径选择和工程实施中存在方法不健全、技术可实施性差及工程应用短缺等问题。本文以清洁生产、可持续发展的理念为指导，挖掘城市污水处理厂的节能潜力，探索实现节能降耗的多重途径，为污水处理系统的节能降耗提供可行性的解决方案。
本研究采用现场调研、中试试验研究、生产性试验及工程应用相结合的方式，重点研究了城市污水处理系统的曝气节能降耗技术。在城市污水处理厂能耗分布分析、节能潜力挖掘及能耗核算体系建立等研究的基础上，进行了曝气器的曝气性能影响因素、进水水量配置方法及智能曝气控制技术研究，并在北京清河城市污水处理厂开展20万m3/d的水量配置和智能曝气控制工程应用。
通过对城市污水处理厂处理单元及单元设备能耗的分析，提出了污水处理系统的主要耗能单元及设备，进一步挖掘其节能空间。从污水处理能耗核算管理的角度，在全国10个不同处理规模（5万~80万m3/d）的典型城市污水处理系统调研分析的基础上，建立了污水处理系统COD、NH4+-N、TP等主要污染物削减的比能耗模型，以及化学除磷药耗成本模型。
进水水量分配的不均不仅影响水厂的处理效果，而且增加曝气系统能耗，降低曝气池的空间利用率。文中研究了进水水量配置的方法，并在城市污水处理厂进行了进水水量分配调节闸的工程应用，分析了水量调节方法的可行性及其与生物处理系统的关系。结果表明，水量调节闸能够均衡各单元的进水水量，充分发挥曝气池的作用，提高生物处理系统各单元的处理效果，解决城市污水处理厂进水水量不均造成的水量与曝气气量不匹配的矛盾，保证了城市污水处理厂的处理水量及处理效果。
曝气系统的优化运行是实现城市污水处理厂节能降耗及优化生物处理系统性能的重要手段。曝气器充氧性能关系到整个曝气系统性能的发挥，本文通过中试系统研究了影响曝气器性能的主要因素，为城市污水处理厂曝气器的选择、更换提供技术支持。曝气智能控制具有改善生物处理系统性能和节能降耗的双重作用。本文对曝气智能控制技术方法、原理等进行研究，基于ASM2d建立了曝气动力学模型并进行优化求解。在20万m3/d的城市污水处理厂进行工程应用，实施了基于曝气池曝气需氧量计算的鼓风机控制及DO控制模式，并通过出水水质、鼓风机节能效果分析了智能曝气控制的应用效果。研究及应用结果表明，曝气智能控制系统可稳定控制曝气池的DO，提高曝气池亚硝酸盐的积累率，改善生物处理工艺的性能，不仅从设备的角度实现节能，而且从工艺角度（短程硝化反硝化）实现了节能降耗。在出水NH_4~+-N小于3.7mg/L及处理水量基本保持20万m3/d的前提下，实现了月均能耗降低7%，月均单耗降低9.7%的节能效果。
Sustainable and green development becomes the subject of attention under the background of the current energy shortage. Municipal wastewater treatment plant belongs to the energy consumption-intensive industries, energy consumption of which occupies a certain proportion of the total annual consumption of all national industry, so energy saving and pollution emission reduction of municipal wastewater treatment plant is increasingly concerned by nation. But the energy saving technology of municipal wastewater treatment plant have many problems needed to solve in the aspect of power accounting management, selection of energy-saving methods and project implementation, which include imperfection of energy saving method, difficulty of technical implementation and shortage of engineering application.In order to provide practical solutions for energy saving of the municipal wastewater treatment plant.the concept of clean production and sustainable development was used as a guide to excavate the energy saving potential of the WWTP and to explore multiple ways to achieve energy saving.
The research method which combined field investigation, pilot experiment research, production testing and engineering application was adopted to focus on the aeration energy saving technology of WWTP. Analysis of energy consumption distribution, excavation of energy-saving potential and establishment of energy consumption evaluating system were followed by research on influence factors of oxygen transfer performance for aerator, allocation of water quantity and accurate control technology of aeration system, which were applied on the second phase(treatment capacity of200000m3/d) of QIN HE municipal wastewater treatment plant.
The main energy consumption units and equipments were put forward and the energy saving spaces of which were excavated by the Analysis on the energy consumption of municipal wastewater treatment unit and equipment. energy accounting model which was described by ratio of energy consumption to removal quality of COD, NH4+-N,TP and cost model of chemical phosphorus removal which was calculated by consumption of chemicals were established by investigating on the energy and chemicals consumption of10different treatment scale(50000-800000m3/d)WWTP in China in the perspective of energy accounting management.
Unequal distributions of influent water quantity not only deteriorate the treatment effect, but also increase energy consumption of aeration equipment and reduce the space utilization of the aeration tank. The allocation method of influent water quantity was investigated, and which was applied in the municipal wastewater treatment plant.The feasibility and contribution to the biological treatment system of influent distribution allocation was researched.The result shows that water distribution allocation systems can equalize the influent water of each parallel unit, fully use the function the aeration tank,improve the treatment effect of biological treatment unit,solve the contradictions between uneven influent water quantity and not matched aeration volume,ensure treated water volume and the treatment effect.
The optimal operation of the aeration system is an important means to achieve energy saving and optimize the properties of biological treatment systems for WWTP. Oxygenation capacity of aerators plays an important role in properties of whole aerator systems. The main factors affecting the properties of the aerator were investigated using pilot experiment to provide technical support for the selection and replacement of aerator.
Intelligent aeration control not only improves performance of biological treatment system but also save the energy consumption. The methods and principles of intelligent aeration control was investigated, and which was applied in the municipal wastewater treatment plant of200000m3/d. Aeration model based on the ASM2d was established and solved.Blower and DO of aerobic tank were controlled by calculating oxygen demand of aerobic tank which was based on influent load. The effect of intelligent aeration control was investigated by analyzing energy saving of blower aeration and nullity of the effluent water. The result showed that the DO of aerobic tank was stably controlled and nitrite accumulation rate of31.8%was achieved,the treatment effect of biological systems was improved by the application of intelligent aeration system.Energy saving was achieved not only from the view of equipment but also from technology(Short-cut nitrification and denitrification). On the promise of that effluent NH4+-N was less than3.7mg/L and treatment quantity was basically200000m3/d, the average energy consumption and average specific energy consumption of every month were decreased by7%and9.7%respectively.
本研究采用现场调研、中试试验研究、生产性试验及工程应用相结合的方式，重点研究了城市污水处理系统的曝气节能降耗技术。在城市污水处理厂能耗分布分析、节能潜力挖掘及能耗核算体系建立等研究的基础上，进行了曝气器的曝气性能影响因素、进水水量配置方法及智能曝气控制技术研究，并在北京清河城市污水处理厂开展20万m3/d的水量配置和智能曝气控制工程应用。
通过对城市污水处理厂处理单元及单元设备能耗的分析，提出了污水处理系统的主要耗能单元及设备，进一步挖掘其节能空间。从污水处理能耗核算管理的角度，在全国10个不同处理规模（5万~80万m3/d）的典型城市污水处理系统调研分析的基础上，建立了污水处理系统COD、NH4+-N、TP等主要污染物削减的比能耗模型，以及化学除磷药耗成本模型。
进水水量分配的不均不仅影响水厂的处理效果，而且增加曝气系统能耗，降低曝气池的空间利用率。文中研究了进水水量配置的方法，并在城市污水处理厂进行了进水水量分配调节闸的工程应用，分析了水量调节方法的可行性及其与生物处理系统的关系。结果表明，水量调节闸能够均衡各单元的进水水量，充分发挥曝气池的作用，提高生物处理系统各单元的处理效果，解决城市污水处理厂进水水量不均造成的水量与曝气气量不匹配的矛盾，保证了城市污水处理厂的处理水量及处理效果。
曝气系统的优化运行是实现城市污水处理厂节能降耗及优化生物处理系统性能的重要手段。曝气器充氧性能关系到整个曝气系统性能的发挥，本文通过中试系统研究了影响曝气器性能的主要因素，为城市污水处理厂曝气器的选择、更换提供技术支持。曝气智能控制具有改善生物处理系统性能和节能降耗的双重作用。本文对曝气智能控制技术方法、原理等进行研究，基于ASM2d建立了曝气动力学模型并进行优化求解。在20万m3/d的城市污水处理厂进行工程应用，实施了基于曝气池曝气需氧量计算的鼓风机控制及DO控制模式，并通过出水水质、鼓风机节能效果分析了智能曝气控制的应用效果。研究及应用结果表明，曝气智能控制系统可稳定控制曝气池的DO，提高曝气池亚硝酸盐的积累率，改善生物处理工艺的性能，不仅从设备的角度实现节能，而且从工艺角度（短程硝化反硝化）实现了节能降耗。在出水NH_4~+-N小于3.7mg/L及处理水量基本保持20万m3/d的前提下，实现了月均能耗降低7%，月均单耗降低9.7%的节能效果。
Sustainable and green development becomes the subject of attention under the background of the current energy shortage. Municipal wastewater treatment plant belongs to the energy consumption-intensive industries, energy consumption of which occupies a certain proportion of the total annual consumption of all national industry, so energy saving and pollution emission reduction of municipal wastewater treatment plant is increasingly concerned by nation. But the energy saving technology of municipal wastewater treatment plant have many problems needed to solve in the aspect of power accounting management, selection of energy-saving methods and project implementation, which include imperfection of energy saving method, difficulty of technical implementation and shortage of engineering application.In order to provide practical solutions for energy saving of the municipal wastewater treatment plant.the concept of clean production and sustainable development was used as a guide to excavate the energy saving potential of the WWTP and to explore multiple ways to achieve energy saving.
The research method which combined field investigation, pilot experiment research, production testing and engineering application was adopted to focus on the aeration energy saving technology of WWTP. Analysis of energy consumption distribution, excavation of energy-saving potential and establishment of energy consumption evaluating system were followed by research on influence factors of oxygen transfer performance for aerator, allocation of water quantity and accurate control technology of aeration system, which were applied on the second phase(treatment capacity of200000m3/d) of QIN HE municipal wastewater treatment plant.
The main energy consumption units and equipments were put forward and the energy saving spaces of which were excavated by the Analysis on the energy consumption of municipal wastewater treatment unit and equipment. energy accounting model which was described by ratio of energy consumption to removal quality of COD, NH4+-N,TP and cost model of chemical phosphorus removal which was calculated by consumption of chemicals were established by investigating on the energy and chemicals consumption of10different treatment scale(50000-800000m3/d)WWTP in China in the perspective of energy accounting management.
Unequal distributions of influent water quantity not only deteriorate the treatment effect, but also increase energy consumption of aeration equipment and reduce the space utilization of the aeration tank. The allocation method of influent water quantity was investigated, and which was applied in the municipal wastewater treatment plant.The feasibility and contribution to the biological treatment system of influent distribution allocation was researched.The result shows that water distribution allocation systems can equalize the influent water of each parallel unit, fully use the function the aeration tank,improve the treatment effect of biological treatment unit,solve the contradictions between uneven influent water quantity and not matched aeration volume,ensure treated water volume and the treatment effect.
The optimal operation of the aeration system is an important means to achieve energy saving and optimize the properties of biological treatment systems for WWTP. Oxygenation capacity of aerators plays an important role in properties of whole aerator systems. The main factors affecting the properties of the aerator were investigated using pilot experiment to provide technical support for the selection and replacement of aerator.
Intelligent aeration control not only improves performance of biological treatment system but also save the energy consumption. The methods and principles of intelligent aeration control was investigated, and which was applied in the municipal wastewater treatment plant of200000m3/d. Aeration model based on the ASM2d was established and solved.Blower and DO of aerobic tank were controlled by calculating oxygen demand of aerobic tank which was based on influent load. The effect of intelligent aeration control was investigated by analyzing energy saving of blower aeration and nullity of the effluent water. The result showed that the DO of aerobic tank was stably controlled and nitrite accumulation rate of31.8%was achieved,the treatment effect of biological systems was improved by the application of intelligent aeration system.Energy saving was achieved not only from the view of equipment but also from technology(Short-cut nitrification and denitrification). On the promise of that effluent NH4+-N was less than3.7mg/L and treatment quantity was basically200000m3/d, the average energy consumption and average specific energy consumption of every month were decreased by7%and9.7%respectively.
引文
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