纳米材料机械化学法制备及性能表征
|
摘要
材料科学技术的应用范围广泛,是国民经济发展很重要的支撑,是航天、航空、国防、信息等高新技术进步和发展的基础。随着科技发展和科学进步的需要,材料的组成已开始由单一型向复合型、杂化型进行转化,颗粒粒径也由微米级向纳米级过渡。近些年来,纳米材料所具有的独特的化学和物理性质,给物理、化学、生物、材料、医药等学科的研究带来了新的机遇和挑战。因此,如何能够快速、简便、有效地制备出纳米粉体,正成为纳米材料的研究首先需要攻克的难题之一。
本文对纳米材料的种类、主要性质与应用领域进行了简要阐述,然后列举了多种纳米材料的制备方法。尤其对即将开展研究的机械化学法制备纳米材料进行了较为细致的调研,同时引入了一种新的机械化学法,即本课题组发明的螺杆式研磨法。
首先,我们尝试用传统机械化学法来合成钇稳定氧化锆,这里我们引入的是两种传统机械化学法——行星式球磨和砂磨,连续对配置好的粉体进行研磨。然后用新型机械化学法——螺杆式研磨法对同样配方的粉体进行研磨。并尝试用XRD、SEM等方法来表征这两种分别代表传统机械化学和新型机械化学法的方法合成的物质,比较其优劣。粒度分析显示,行星式球磨可以有效的破碎大颗粒的原料,砂磨可以将原料粉碎至1μm左右,但物相分析表明,传统机械化学法处理的粉料只起到了粉碎作用,并未合成新的物相。螺杆式研磨法可以将粉料粉碎至5μm左右,但同时也能合成所需要的新物相,这是因为螺杆式研磨法独特的剪切和挤压力起到了很好的作用。将粉料烧结成氧化锆陶瓷后,进行了在潮湿环境中的老化和耐腐蚀的性能表征,老化试验结果表明,较高的Y含量可以有效减少老化的现象。
接着,我们尝试用湿化学法做为参照方法,来合成Mg稳定氧化锆。这里我们引入的是比较成熟的共沉淀法和水热法。同样与用螺杆式研磨法制备的粉体用XRD、SEM等方法来表征,同时还对粉体烧结成陶瓷的力学方面的性能进行了对比。研究表明,三种合成方法均能有效的合成得到所需的物相,螺杆式机械化学法研磨制备的Mg稳定氧化锆在1500℃烧结即能获得最佳的力学性能,且力学性能优于共沉淀法的样品,与水热法样品的性能相近。
然后,我们对铌镁酸铅和锆钛酸铅体系进行了机械化学法(螺杆式研磨)的合成。通过交叉反应实验发现,制备钙钛矿型PMN粉体时,机械化学固相反应与传统高温固相扩散反应历程完全不同,从而避免了焦绿石中间相的出现,提高了粉体的物相纯度。且较高的功率可以大大缩短机械化学固相反应时间,提高物相纯度,同时提高粉体的分散性。
最后,我们采用机械剥离的方式,以蒙脱土层状材料为原料,控制分散浆料的pH值,通过研磨获得了硅铝酸纳米片,并分析pH值对纳米片制备的影响。并以所获得的纳米片为原料,与稀土离子发光中心组装获得具有良好发光性能的纳米片发光材料,研究纳米片结构对发光性能的影响。
Material science and technology and their applications are wide used. They are very important support of the national economic, aerospace, aviation, information, defense and other high-tech fields. With the development of science and technology, the composition of the materials were changed from simple to complex, particle size was changed from micron meter to nanometer. In recent years, people have found that nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties. Now it is a good opportunity to the research of physics, chemistry, materials, biology, medicine and other disciplines. Therefore, it would be a touch research target to prepare nanomaterials simply and effectively.
In this paper, we described the different types of nanomaterials, as well as the main properties and applications, and then enumerated a variety of methods to prepare nanomaterials. We spent a more detailed investigation on the mechano-chemical method to prepare nanomaterials, and introduced a new mechano-chemical method, the screw grinding method.
First, traditional mechano-chemical methods, the planetary milling and the sand milling, were employed to synthesis Y stabilized zirconia. Furthermore the screw grinding method was used to synthesis the same powder. After finishing the milling, XRD, SEM and other methods were conducted to characterize these two different kinds of synthesized powders, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. The particle size analysis showed that the planetary ball milling could be used to break large particles of raw materials, mean while, sand milling could be used to crush raw materials to about1μm in size. But according to the phase analysis, the traditional mechano-chemical method had only played a crushing effect, did not synthesize any new phase. The new mechano-chemical method, screw grinding method, could be used to crush raw materials to5μm in size, mean while, to synthesize a new phase. This was because the screw grinding method uses unique shearing force and pressure force to promote the solid state reaction of the row material powder. Aging and wet corrosion resistance were used to characterize the sintered zirconia ceramic, the aging test result showed that the higher Y content could reduce the aging phenomenon effectively.
Second, wet chemical methods as the reference methods, the co-precipitation method and the hydrothermal method, were employed to synthesize Mg stabilized zirconia, comparing with the result of Mg stabilized zirconia synthesized by screw grinding method. XRD, SEM and other methods were proceeded to characterize the synthesized powders, and then mechanical performance of sintered ceramics was characterized. Studies had shown that all three synthetic methods could synthesize the required phase effectively. Screw grinding method prepared Mg stabilized zirconia could get the best mechanical performance when sintered at1500℃. The mechanical performance of ceramics prepared by screw grinding method was better than that of co-precipitation method, closing to samples of hydrothermal method.
Third, functional materials of PMN and PZT were synthesized by the new mechano-chemical method, the screw grinding method. Through cross-reaction experiments, it was found that the mechanism of mechano-chemical method and solid phase diffusion method were completely different, thus the pyrochlore phase was avoided, and the phase purity of powders was developed. And a higher power could greatly short the time of the mechano-chemical reaction time, improving the phase purity and the dispersion of the powder.
Finally, mechano-chemical method was used to prepare MMT nanosheets by controlling the pH value. Aluminosilicate acid nanosheets were obtained by milling method, and the impact of pH value on the nanosheets preparing was studied. Rare earth ion as a fluorescence center assembled on nanosheets was obtained. The luminescent property of nanosheets was studied.
本文对纳米材料的种类、主要性质与应用领域进行了简要阐述,然后列举了多种纳米材料的制备方法。尤其对即将开展研究的机械化学法制备纳米材料进行了较为细致的调研,同时引入了一种新的机械化学法,即本课题组发明的螺杆式研磨法。
首先,我们尝试用传统机械化学法来合成钇稳定氧化锆,这里我们引入的是两种传统机械化学法——行星式球磨和砂磨,连续对配置好的粉体进行研磨。然后用新型机械化学法——螺杆式研磨法对同样配方的粉体进行研磨。并尝试用XRD、SEM等方法来表征这两种分别代表传统机械化学和新型机械化学法的方法合成的物质,比较其优劣。粒度分析显示,行星式球磨可以有效的破碎大颗粒的原料,砂磨可以将原料粉碎至1μm左右,但物相分析表明,传统机械化学法处理的粉料只起到了粉碎作用,并未合成新的物相。螺杆式研磨法可以将粉料粉碎至5μm左右,但同时也能合成所需要的新物相,这是因为螺杆式研磨法独特的剪切和挤压力起到了很好的作用。将粉料烧结成氧化锆陶瓷后,进行了在潮湿环境中的老化和耐腐蚀的性能表征,老化试验结果表明,较高的Y含量可以有效减少老化的现象。
接着,我们尝试用湿化学法做为参照方法,来合成Mg稳定氧化锆。这里我们引入的是比较成熟的共沉淀法和水热法。同样与用螺杆式研磨法制备的粉体用XRD、SEM等方法来表征,同时还对粉体烧结成陶瓷的力学方面的性能进行了对比。研究表明,三种合成方法均能有效的合成得到所需的物相,螺杆式机械化学法研磨制备的Mg稳定氧化锆在1500℃烧结即能获得最佳的力学性能,且力学性能优于共沉淀法的样品,与水热法样品的性能相近。
然后,我们对铌镁酸铅和锆钛酸铅体系进行了机械化学法(螺杆式研磨)的合成。通过交叉反应实验发现,制备钙钛矿型PMN粉体时,机械化学固相反应与传统高温固相扩散反应历程完全不同,从而避免了焦绿石中间相的出现,提高了粉体的物相纯度。且较高的功率可以大大缩短机械化学固相反应时间,提高物相纯度,同时提高粉体的分散性。
最后,我们采用机械剥离的方式,以蒙脱土层状材料为原料,控制分散浆料的pH值,通过研磨获得了硅铝酸纳米片,并分析pH值对纳米片制备的影响。并以所获得的纳米片为原料,与稀土离子发光中心组装获得具有良好发光性能的纳米片发光材料,研究纳米片结构对发光性能的影响。
Material science and technology and their applications are wide used. They are very important support of the national economic, aerospace, aviation, information, defense and other high-tech fields. With the development of science and technology, the composition of the materials were changed from simple to complex, particle size was changed from micron meter to nanometer. In recent years, people have found that nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties. Now it is a good opportunity to the research of physics, chemistry, materials, biology, medicine and other disciplines. Therefore, it would be a touch research target to prepare nanomaterials simply and effectively.
In this paper, we described the different types of nanomaterials, as well as the main properties and applications, and then enumerated a variety of methods to prepare nanomaterials. We spent a more detailed investigation on the mechano-chemical method to prepare nanomaterials, and introduced a new mechano-chemical method, the screw grinding method.
First, traditional mechano-chemical methods, the planetary milling and the sand milling, were employed to synthesis Y stabilized zirconia. Furthermore the screw grinding method was used to synthesis the same powder. After finishing the milling, XRD, SEM and other methods were conducted to characterize these two different kinds of synthesized powders, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. The particle size analysis showed that the planetary ball milling could be used to break large particles of raw materials, mean while, sand milling could be used to crush raw materials to about1μm in size. But according to the phase analysis, the traditional mechano-chemical method had only played a crushing effect, did not synthesize any new phase. The new mechano-chemical method, screw grinding method, could be used to crush raw materials to5μm in size, mean while, to synthesize a new phase. This was because the screw grinding method uses unique shearing force and pressure force to promote the solid state reaction of the row material powder. Aging and wet corrosion resistance were used to characterize the sintered zirconia ceramic, the aging test result showed that the higher Y content could reduce the aging phenomenon effectively.
Second, wet chemical methods as the reference methods, the co-precipitation method and the hydrothermal method, were employed to synthesize Mg stabilized zirconia, comparing with the result of Mg stabilized zirconia synthesized by screw grinding method. XRD, SEM and other methods were proceeded to characterize the synthesized powders, and then mechanical performance of sintered ceramics was characterized. Studies had shown that all three synthetic methods could synthesize the required phase effectively. Screw grinding method prepared Mg stabilized zirconia could get the best mechanical performance when sintered at1500℃. The mechanical performance of ceramics prepared by screw grinding method was better than that of co-precipitation method, closing to samples of hydrothermal method.
Third, functional materials of PMN and PZT were synthesized by the new mechano-chemical method, the screw grinding method. Through cross-reaction experiments, it was found that the mechanism of mechano-chemical method and solid phase diffusion method were completely different, thus the pyrochlore phase was avoided, and the phase purity of powders was developed. And a higher power could greatly short the time of the mechano-chemical reaction time, improving the phase purity and the dispersion of the powder.
Finally, mechano-chemical method was used to prepare MMT nanosheets by controlling the pH value. Aluminosilicate acid nanosheets were obtained by milling method, and the impact of pH value on the nanosheets preparing was studied. Rare earth ion as a fluorescence center assembled on nanosheets was obtained. The luminescent property of nanosheets was studied.
引文
[1]郭景坤.关于先进结构陶瓷的研究.[J].无机材料学报,1999,14(2)：193-202.
[2]尹衍升,张景德.氧化铝陶瓷及其复合材料.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2001.
[3]郭景坤.中国先进陶瓷研究及其展望.[J].无机材料学报,1997,H(6)：195-200.
[4]钦征骑.新型陶瓷材料手册.[M].南京：江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[5]李湘洲.现代陶瓷应用的新领域.[J].金属世界,2005,(4)：47.
[6]刘元力.发展前景广阔的高技术陶瓷.[J].科技情报开发与经济,1995,5(2)：26-27.
[7]郭景坤.中国结构陶瓷研究的进展及其应用前景.[J].硅酸盐通报,1995,14(4)：18.
[8]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料与纳米结构.[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[9]Ruoff, A.L. and P.K. Charvat. [J]. Superlattices and Microstructures,1985,2(2): p.97-107.
[10]Ten Elshof, J.E., S.U. Khan, O.F. Gobel. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2010.30(7):p.1555-1577.
[11]Sun, R. and L. Wang. [J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2008. 36(3):p.391-394+410.
[12]Ju, J.F., C.J. Li, M. Xu. [J]. Journal of Functional Materials,2005. 36(5):648-651.
[13]Schwandt, C.S. [J]. American Laboratory,2010.42(11):p.13-17.
[14]郭景坤,冯楚德.[J].材料研究学报,1995,9(5)：412-419
[15]Sun, J., S.L. Hu, X.W. Du. [J]. New Carbon Materials,2008,23(1):86-94
[16]樊东黎.[J].金属热处理,2011(2)：125-132
[17]尹世忠,朵丽华.[J].邢台学院学报,2006,21(2)：101-103
[18]李嘉,尹衍升,张金升等.[J].现代技术陶瓷,2003,96：26-30
[19]Baibich M N, Broto J M, Fert A. [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett.1988,61(21):2472-2475
[20]王长征,周宁,戎咏华等.[J].功能材料,2003,3(34)：238-241
[21]张万金等.[J].中国建材科技,2001(04)：44-45
[22]郭英.[J].硅谷,2010(09)：119
[23]李奇,陈光巨.材料化学.[M].高等教育出版社,2004
[24]陈大明.纳米陶瓷复合材料进展.[J].材料工程,1996,6：8-12.
[25]侯耀永,李理,张巨先.[J].电子显微学报,1998,17(2)：156-161.
[26]Isabelle Denry, J. Robert Kelly, [J]. Dental Materials.24(2008):99-307.
[27]徐国财,张立德.纳米复合材料.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002
[28]肖明艳,陈建敏.[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2001,17(5)：6-10.
[29]Naomichi Furushiro, Masahiro Higuchi, Tomomi Yamaguchi, et al. [J]. Precision Engineering 34 (2010) 419-424
[30]刘举庆,解令海,殷宗友等.[J].南京邮电大学学报,2010,30(6)：7-12
[31]唐辉,李玲玲.[J].科技资讯,2007,(05)：6-7
[32]Wei Zhang, Roberto Vargas, Takashi Goto, et al. [J]. J. Appl. Phys. Lett.1997, 64(11):1359-1361.
[33]P. A. Grudowski, C. J. Eiting, J. Park, et al. [J]. J. Appl. Phys. Lett.1997, 71(11):1537-1539.
[34]徐如人,庞文琴.无机合成与制备化学(第二版).[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[35]Li W.J., Shi Er.W., Zheng Y.P., et al. [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials,1999, (6):456-460
[36]吴其胜.[J].材料科学与工程学报,2004,22(4)：519.
[37]江东亮.精细陶瓷材料.[M].中国物资出版社,1987.
[38]陈代荣,徐如人.[J].高等学校化学学报,1998,19(1)：1-4.
[39]Oleg Vaslkiv, Yoshio Sakka. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,2001,84(11):2489-2491.
[40]徐秀芝,卫平仲.[J].稀土,1996,17(1)：53-56.
[41]杨淑珍,周和平.[J].武汉工业大学出版社,1990
[42]李蔚,高濂,郭景坤.[J].无机材料学报,2000,15(1)：16-20.
[43]Dell Agli, G Ferone C, Mascolo G. et al. [J]. Solid State Ionics,2000, 3-4(127):223-230.
[44]Dell Agli G, Colantuono A and Mascolo G. [J]. Solid State Ionics,1999, 123:87-94.
[45]李继光,孙旭东等.[J].无机材料学报,1988,13(6)：803-807.
[46]Gardner T J and Messing G L. [J]. Amer. Ceram Soc Bull,1984, 63(12):1498-1501.
[47]Lawrence H E et al. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc,1988,71(4):225-235.
[48]Woodhead. J. L. [J]. Science of Ceramics,4,1968:105-111
[49]赵青,常爱民,简家文等.[A].第八届全国敏感元件与传感器学术会议论文集[C].北京：中国仪器仪表学会,2003,751-755
[50]Garvie, R C. [J]. J. Phy. Chem.,1965,69[(4) 1238-1243.
[51]王晓纯,任博,郭常新等.[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(3)：612-616
[52]Sim S M, Stubica V S. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1987,70(7):521.
[53]Stubican V S. [J]. Adv. Ceram. Sci.,1988,9,71-82
[54]Echigoya.J, Sasal.K, Suto.H.Trans. [J]. Jpn. Ins. Met.,1988,29(7):516-569.
[55]Duran P, Rodriguez J M, Recio P.Tentative. [J]. J. Master. Sci.,1991, 26(2):467-472.
[56]张庆杰,张建军,周艳霞.[J].无机盐工业,1998,30(6)：21-22.
[57]温立哲,余忠民,黄慧民等.[J].广东工业大学学报,2002,1(19)：63.
[58]Andreja Gajovic, Ana Santic, Igor Djerdj, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 479 (2009) 525-531
[59]Xia Ni, Ji Ma, Jiangong Li, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 468 (2009):386-391
[60]Xin Xu, JiaYe Tang, Toshiyuki Nishimura, et al. [J]. Acta Materialia 59 (2011)1570-1576
[61]Takatoshi Tojo, Qiwu Zhang, Fumio Saito. [J]. Powder Technology 181 (2008) 281-284
[62]Q. Hea, H.Z.Wang, G.H.Wen, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 486 (2009) 246-249
[63]Tadej Rojac, Ziva Trtnik, Marija Kosec. [J]. Solid State Ionics 190 (2011) 1-7
[64]A. Zoltan Juhasz. [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 141 (1998) 449-462
[65]K. S. Venkatalaman, K. S. Narayanan. [J]. Powder technology,96 (1998) 190-201
[66]Tomohiro Iwasaki, Munetake Satoh and Takaomi Koga. [J]. Powder Technology, 2001,121(2-3):239-248
[67]Satoshi Ohara, Hiroya Abe, Kazuyoshi Sato, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28 (2008) 1815-1819
[68]李强.一种螺杆研磨机.[P].中国,B02C19/22, CN101185911 A.2008.05.28.
[69]Biljana D. Stojanovic. [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003, (143-144):78-81
[70]H.A.M. van Hal, W.A. Groen, S. Maassen, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 21 (2001):1689-1692
[71]Yoshikazu Kameshima, Masaki Irie, Atsuo Yasumori, et al. [J]. Solid State Ionics 172 (2004) 185-190
[72]Bar Akgiin, H. Erdem Camurlu, Yavuz Topkaya, Naci Sevinc. [J]. Int. Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2011,29(5):601-607
[73]M.A. Roldan, V. Lopez-Flores, M.D. Alcala, A. Ortega, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30 (2010) 2099-2107
[74]M. Sakaki, M.Sh. Bafghi, J. Vahdati Khaki, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 480 (2009) 824-829
[75]E. Mohammad Sharifi, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Enayati. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol.482, PP.110-113,2009.
[76]S. Sabooni, T. Mousavi, F. Karimzadeh, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 497 (2010) 95-99
[77]E. Mohammad Sharifi, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Enayati. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 502 (2010) 508-512
[78]E. Mohammad Sharifi, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Enayati. [J]. Advanced Powder Technology 22 (2011) 526-531
[79]S. Sabooni, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Abbasi. [J]. Advanced Powder Technology (2011), doi:10.1016/j.apt.2011.02.004
[80]N.V. Kosova, E.T. Devyatkina, V.V. Kaichev. [J]. Solid State Ionics, Volume 192, Issue 1,16 June 2011, Pages 284-288
[81]Sandeep Mahajan, Chandra Prakash, O.P. Thakur. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 471 (2009) 507-510
[82]Reza Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi, Akbar Chami. [J]. Solid State Sciences 12 (2010) 1645-1651
[83]Aaron C. Dodd. [J]. Powder Technology 196 (2009) 30-35
[84]P. Balaz, E. Dutkova, I. Skorvanek, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 483(2009)484-487
[85]Vladimir V. Plashnitsa, Vinay Gupta, Norio Miura. [J]. Electrochimica Acta 55 (2010)6941-6945
[86]Samayamutthirian Palaniandy, Noorina Hidayu Jamil. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 476 (2009):894-902
[87]Junya Kano, Eiko Kobayashi,William Tongamp, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,480 (2009):666-669
[1]任永国,刘自强,杨凯等.[J].中国陶瓷,2008,44(4)：44-46
[2]Claussen N. [J]. Advance in Ceramics,1984,12:325-351.
[3]Garvie R C, Hannink R H J, Pasoe R T. [J]. Nature, London,1975,258:703-704.
[4]Lange F F. [J]. J. Mater. Sci.,1982,17:225-234.
[5]Marshall D B. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1986,69(3):173-180.
[6]McMeeking M, Evans A G. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1983,65(5):242-246.
[7]王零森.[J].陶瓷工程,1997,312：43-50.
[8]Somiya S, Yamamoto N, Yangagida H. [J]. American Ceramic Society,1988, 71:595-606.
[9]Stevens M. [J]. Magnesium Elektron Ltd,1986.
[10]Heuer A H.Transformation. [J]. American Ceramic Society,1996,16,71-77.
[11]黄勇,何锦涛,马天.[J].稀有金属快报,2004,06：11-17
[12]San-Yuan Chen, Hong-Yang Lu. [J]. J. Mater. Sci.,1988,23:1195-1200.
[13]F. F. Lange, G. L. Dunlop, B. I. Davis. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1986,69(3): 237-240
[14]MINH N Q. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1993,76:563-588.
[15]Casanova A. [J]. Westinghouse solid oxide,1991,9:39-45.
[16]Christel Laberty-Robert, Florence Ansart, Celine Deloget. [J]. Ceramics International,2003,29(2):151-158.
[17]K. Yasuda, S. Arai, Mltoh, K. Wada. [J]. J. Mater. Sci.,1999,34:3597-3604.
[18]李强.一种螺杆研磨机.[P].中国,B02C19/22, CN101185911,2008.05.28.
[19]吴皓,陈诚,蒋丹宇等.[J].无机材料学报,2010,25(5)：541-545
[20]尹衍升,李嘉.氧化锆陶瓷及其复合材料.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[21]郑育英,黄慧民,刘志平.[J].硅酸盐通报,2008,27(1)：50-54
[22]黄勇,何锦涛,马天.[J].稀有金属快报,2004,23(06)11-17.
[23]运新跃,黄德信,徐兵,李雨林,蒋丹宇,张骋.[J].硅酸盐通报,2009,28(s1)：102-105
[24]Gupta T K, Bechtold J H, Kuznicki R C. [J]. Mater.Sci,1977,12:2421-2426
[25]马亚鲁,谈家琪,朱宣惠.[J].陶瓷学报,1996,17(4)：48-52
[26]Bikramjit.Basu, Jozef Vleugels, Omber Van Der Biest. [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, A336(2004):338-347
[27]毛骏飙,陈楷.[J].材料导报,1997,11(15)：38-41
[28]杜海燕,刘家臣,王惠,杨正方,袁启明.[J].硅酸盐学报,2002,8(6)：553-556
[29]G. Roebben, B. Basul, J. Vleugels, O. Van der Biest. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23 (2003) 481-489
[30]Xin Guo. [J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 60,1999,539-546
[31]A. N. Makarenko, A. G. Belous and Y. V. Pashkova. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 19,1999,945-947
[32]Junguo Li, Lianmeng Zhang, Qiang Shen, Toshiyuki Hashida. [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A297,2001,26-30
[1]牟军,郦剑,郭绍义等.[J].材料科学与工程,1994,12(3)：6-11.
[2]张林,范仕刚.[J].现代技术陶瓷,2002,4：25.
[3]周洋,袁广江,徐荣久.[J].硅酸盐通报,2001,4：31-35.
[4]Evnas A. G. [J]. J. Am. Cerma. Soc.,1990,73(2):187-206.
[5]Steinbreeh R W. [J]. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.,1992,10(3):132-142.
[6]Beeher P F. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1991,74(2):255-269.
[7]高勇,陈森凤.[J].材料导报,1998,12(3)：70-72.
[8]张建良,毛裕文,洪彦若.[J].硅酸盐学报,1994,22(1)：97-101.
[9]赵振波,朱时珍,梁胜德.[J].材料导报,1998,6：45-48.
[10]罗学涛,袁润章.[J].材料导报,1997,11(3)：26-28.
[11]沈建兴,张炳荣,刘宏.[J].硅酸盐通报,2000,4：54-57.
[12]崔琳.[J].兵器材料科学与工程,1999,22(2)：68-71.
[13]焦宝祥.[D].南京：南京工业大学,2004年.
[14]Whitemore O J, Marshall D W. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1952,35(4):85-89.
[15]Claussen N. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1978,61:85-97.
[16]贺智勇,李林.[J].硅酸盐通报,2004,23(1)：77-80.
[17]Curtis C E. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc,1947,30(6):80-96.
[18]Adams J W, Nakamura H H. Fabrication. [J]. J. American Ceramic Society,1985, 68:220-228.
[19]Marshall B, Swain M V. [J]. J. American Ceramic Society,1988,71,399-407.
[20]Muccillo R, Muccillo O E N S, Saito N H. [J]. Materials Letters.1998, 34:128-132.
[21]NAGATA K G.A. [J]. Solid State Devices.1989,12,215-222.
[22]余鑫孟,徐宝奎,袁发得.[J].稀有金属快报,2007,26(1)：28-32
[23]崔琳.[J].兵器材料科学与工程,1999,22(2)：68-71.
[24]西尾兼,Sensors for Automobile Engine Control. [M],日本：新日本印刷株式会社,2002.
[25]雷复兴,刘晖,吴卫江等.[J].耐火材料,1999,33(4)：211-213
[26]金篆藏,王明时.现代传感技术.[M].电子工业出版社,1995年第一版.
[27]王常珍.固体电解质和化学传感器.[M].冶金工业出版社,2000年第一版
[28]王贤仁,王德君,高强等.[J].仪表技术与传感器,1998,8：5-13
[29]小林戚佑,松田晾夫.[J].センサ技术,1987,7(13)：31-35.
[30]Kohsi Ishibashi,Takafumi Kashima, Akiyoshi Asada. [J]. Sensors and Actuators, 1993,13-14,41-44.
[31]Mitsuhiro Nakzawa and Akiyoshi Asada.D. [J]. Fujikura Ltd,2003,15,135.
[32]Nagata K G.A. [J]. Solid State Devices,1989,28,205-222.
[33]夏金峰.钢水定氧传感器MgO部分稳定Zr02固体电解质的制备及其表征[D].上海：华东师范大学,2011
[34]安胜利,赵文广,安立国.[J].华东冶金学院学报,1997,14(4)：351-357.
[35]黄克勤,夏玉华,刘庆国.[J].钢铁,1995,30(9)：24-8.
[36]王常珍.固体电解质和化学传感器.[M].冶金工业出版社,2000.
[37]陈贤伍,蒋丹宇.[J].江苏陶瓷,2006,39：7-9.
[38]高长贺.氧化锆固体电解质定氧测头性能的改进.[D].北京科技大学,2004.
[1]JB Zhao, SB Qu, HL Du, et al. [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. B,2009,162:9-13
[2]Biljana D. Stojanovic. [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003, 143-144:78-81
[3]P Moetakef, ZA Nemati. [J]. Electroceramics.2007,19:207-213
[4]Yiqing Lu, Yongxiang Li, et al. [J]. Microelectronics Journal,2004,35:379-382
[5]王歆,庄志强,齐雪君等.[J].无机材料学报,2002,17(2)：306-310
[6]Chengkang Chang, Zhaoxin Yuan, Dali Mao. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2006,415:220-224
[7]李晓云,陆天长等.[J].南京化工大学学报,2001,23(2)：32-35
[8]Tianyou Peng, Huanping Yang, et al. [J]. Materials Letters,2004,58:352-356
[9]KH Yoona, HS Parka, JY Choa, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2003,23:2579-2582
[10]Sandeep Mahajan, Chandra Prakash, O.P. Thakur. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,471:507-510.
[11]Chun-Chieh Chang, Prashant N. Kumta. [J]. Materials Science and Engineering B,2005,116:341-345
[12]李强.一种螺杆研磨机.[P].中国,B02C19/22, CN101185911A.2008.05.28.
[13]HalliiyalA, KumarU, Neanham R E, et al. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull.,1987, 66(4):671-676.
[14]Inda M. [J]. Natal Tech Rep,1977,27 (1):95-102.
[15]陈诚.纳米铁电材料机械化学法低温快速合成.[D].上海：华东师范大学,2009
[1]Pinnavaia T. J., Beall G.W. Polymer-Clay Nano composites. [M]. Chichester, West Sussex, UK:John Wiley&Sons,2000.
[2]漆宗能,尚文字.聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料理论与实践.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
[3]WEI Fengyan, GONG Qiang, YAN Sheng. [J]. Materials Review,2003,17(9): 110-113.
[4]LIU Xinhai, LIU Zhi, ZHAO Ying, et al. [J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica,2006(4): 645-648.
[5]Wu Zeng gang, Zhou Chi xing, Qi Rongrong. [J]. J. Appl. Poly. Sci.,2002,83(11): 2403-2410
[6]Salinas A., Pittman J. F. T. [J]. J. Poly. Eng. Sci.,1981,21(1):23-31
[7]Haasegawa N., Okamoto H., Kawasumi M. et. al. [J]. Macro. Mater. Eng.,2000, 76:280-281
[8]R. Abe, K. Shinohara, A. Tanaka, et. al. [J]. J. Chem. Mater.,1997,9,2179.
[9]R. Abe, K. Shinohara, A. Tanaka, et. al. [J]. J. Chem. Mater.,1998,10,329.
[10]M. Kaschak, J. Lean, C. Waraksa, et. al. [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1999,121,3435.
[11]G. B. Saupe, C. C. Waraksa, H. N. Kim, et. al. [J]. J. Chem. Mater.,2000,12, 1556.
[12]R. E. Schaak, T. E. Mallouk. [J]. J. Chem. Mater,2000,12,3427.
[13]Y. S. Han, I. Park, J. H. Choy, J. [J]. J. Mater. Chem.,2001,11,1277.
[14]王淼,黄庆利,陈学太.[J].无机化学学报,2007,(23)9：1550-1554
[15]H. Xin, R. Ma, L.Wang, et al. [J]. J. Appl. Phys. Lett.,2004,85:4187.
[16]H. Xin, Y. Ebina, R. Ma, et al. [J]. J. Phys. Chem. B,2006,110:9863.
[17]T.C. Ozawa, K. Fukuda, K. Akt asuka, et al. [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C,2009, 113:8735.
[18]T. C. Ozawa, K. Fukuda, K. Akt asuka, et al. [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C,2008, 112:17115.
[19]Y. Matsumoto, U. Unal, Y. Kimura, [J]. J. Phys. Chem. B,2005,109:12748.
[20]Z. Lu, J. Wang, Y. Tang, Y. J. Li, [J]. Solid State Chem.,2004,177,3075.
[21]J. P.Rainho, L. D. Carlos, J. J.Rocha, [J]. Lumin.2000,87-89,1083.
[22]J. L. Kropp, M. W Windsor, [J]. J. Phys.Chem.,1965,42,1599.
[23]D. Ananias, A. Ferreira, J. Rocha, et al. [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2001,123,5735.
[24]G. Blasse, B.C. Grabmaier. [M]. Luminescent Material, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
[25]Tang Q, Shen J M, Zhou W J, et al. [J]. J. Mater. Chem.,2003,13:3103-3106
[26]许成科，邱桂明，黄翀.[J].光电子技术,2010,30(1):37-44
[27]刘旭,肖金标,孙小菡.[J].光学学报,2007,27(4)：680-684.
[28]H. Xin, F. Y. Li, M. Shi, Z. Q. Bian, and C. H. Huang. [J]. J. Am. Chem, Soc., 2003,125:7166
[2]尹衍升,张景德.氧化铝陶瓷及其复合材料.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2001.
[3]郭景坤.中国先进陶瓷研究及其展望.[J].无机材料学报,1997,H(6)：195-200.
[4]钦征骑.新型陶瓷材料手册.[M].南京：江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[5]李湘洲.现代陶瓷应用的新领域.[J].金属世界,2005,(4)：47.
[6]刘元力.发展前景广阔的高技术陶瓷.[J].科技情报开发与经济,1995,5(2)：26-27.
[7]郭景坤.中国结构陶瓷研究的进展及其应用前景.[J].硅酸盐通报,1995,14(4)：18.
[8]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料与纳米结构.[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[9]Ruoff, A.L. and P.K. Charvat. [J]. Superlattices and Microstructures,1985,2(2): p.97-107.
[10]Ten Elshof, J.E., S.U. Khan, O.F. Gobel. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2010.30(7):p.1555-1577.
[11]Sun, R. and L. Wang. [J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2008. 36(3):p.391-394+410.
[12]Ju, J.F., C.J. Li, M. Xu. [J]. Journal of Functional Materials,2005. 36(5):648-651.
[13]Schwandt, C.S. [J]. American Laboratory,2010.42(11):p.13-17.
[14]郭景坤,冯楚德.[J].材料研究学报,1995,9(5)：412-419
[15]Sun, J., S.L. Hu, X.W. Du. [J]. New Carbon Materials,2008,23(1):86-94
[16]樊东黎.[J].金属热处理,2011(2)：125-132
[17]尹世忠,朵丽华.[J].邢台学院学报,2006,21(2)：101-103
[18]李嘉,尹衍升,张金升等.[J].现代技术陶瓷,2003,96：26-30
[19]Baibich M N, Broto J M, Fert A. [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett.1988,61(21):2472-2475
[20]王长征,周宁,戎咏华等.[J].功能材料,2003,3(34)：238-241
[21]张万金等.[J].中国建材科技,2001(04)：44-45
[22]郭英.[J].硅谷,2010(09)：119
[23]李奇,陈光巨.材料化学.[M].高等教育出版社,2004
[24]陈大明.纳米陶瓷复合材料进展.[J].材料工程,1996,6：8-12.
[25]侯耀永,李理,张巨先.[J].电子显微学报,1998,17(2)：156-161.
[26]Isabelle Denry, J. Robert Kelly, [J]. Dental Materials.24(2008):99-307.
[27]徐国财,张立德.纳米复合材料.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002
[28]肖明艳,陈建敏.[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2001,17(5)：6-10.
[29]Naomichi Furushiro, Masahiro Higuchi, Tomomi Yamaguchi, et al. [J]. Precision Engineering 34 (2010) 419-424
[30]刘举庆,解令海,殷宗友等.[J].南京邮电大学学报,2010,30(6)：7-12
[31]唐辉,李玲玲.[J].科技资讯,2007,(05)：6-7
[32]Wei Zhang, Roberto Vargas, Takashi Goto, et al. [J]. J. Appl. Phys. Lett.1997, 64(11):1359-1361.
[33]P. A. Grudowski, C. J. Eiting, J. Park, et al. [J]. J. Appl. Phys. Lett.1997, 71(11):1537-1539.
[34]徐如人,庞文琴.无机合成与制备化学(第二版).[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[35]Li W.J., Shi Er.W., Zheng Y.P., et al. [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials,1999, (6):456-460
[36]吴其胜.[J].材料科学与工程学报,2004,22(4)：519.
[37]江东亮.精细陶瓷材料.[M].中国物资出版社,1987.
[38]陈代荣,徐如人.[J].高等学校化学学报,1998,19(1)：1-4.
[39]Oleg Vaslkiv, Yoshio Sakka. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,2001,84(11):2489-2491.
[40]徐秀芝,卫平仲.[J].稀土,1996,17(1)：53-56.
[41]杨淑珍,周和平.[J].武汉工业大学出版社,1990
[42]李蔚,高濂,郭景坤.[J].无机材料学报,2000,15(1)：16-20.
[43]Dell Agli, G Ferone C, Mascolo G. et al. [J]. Solid State Ionics,2000, 3-4(127):223-230.
[44]Dell Agli G, Colantuono A and Mascolo G. [J]. Solid State Ionics,1999, 123:87-94.
[45]李继光,孙旭东等.[J].无机材料学报,1988,13(6)：803-807.
[46]Gardner T J and Messing G L. [J]. Amer. Ceram Soc Bull,1984, 63(12):1498-1501.
[47]Lawrence H E et al. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc,1988,71(4):225-235.
[48]Woodhead. J. L. [J]. Science of Ceramics,4,1968:105-111
[49]赵青,常爱民,简家文等.[A].第八届全国敏感元件与传感器学术会议论文集[C].北京：中国仪器仪表学会,2003,751-755
[50]Garvie, R C. [J]. J. Phy. Chem.,1965,69[(4) 1238-1243.
[51]王晓纯,任博,郭常新等.[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(3)：612-616
[52]Sim S M, Stubica V S. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1987,70(7):521.
[53]Stubican V S. [J]. Adv. Ceram. Sci.,1988,9,71-82
[54]Echigoya.J, Sasal.K, Suto.H.Trans. [J]. Jpn. Ins. Met.,1988,29(7):516-569.
[55]Duran P, Rodriguez J M, Recio P.Tentative. [J]. J. Master. Sci.,1991, 26(2):467-472.
[56]张庆杰,张建军,周艳霞.[J].无机盐工业,1998,30(6)：21-22.
[57]温立哲,余忠民,黄慧民等.[J].广东工业大学学报,2002,1(19)：63.
[58]Andreja Gajovic, Ana Santic, Igor Djerdj, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 479 (2009) 525-531
[59]Xia Ni, Ji Ma, Jiangong Li, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 468 (2009):386-391
[60]Xin Xu, JiaYe Tang, Toshiyuki Nishimura, et al. [J]. Acta Materialia 59 (2011)1570-1576
[61]Takatoshi Tojo, Qiwu Zhang, Fumio Saito. [J]. Powder Technology 181 (2008) 281-284
[62]Q. Hea, H.Z.Wang, G.H.Wen, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 486 (2009) 246-249
[63]Tadej Rojac, Ziva Trtnik, Marija Kosec. [J]. Solid State Ionics 190 (2011) 1-7
[64]A. Zoltan Juhasz. [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 141 (1998) 449-462
[65]K. S. Venkatalaman, K. S. Narayanan. [J]. Powder technology,96 (1998) 190-201
[66]Tomohiro Iwasaki, Munetake Satoh and Takaomi Koga. [J]. Powder Technology, 2001,121(2-3):239-248
[67]Satoshi Ohara, Hiroya Abe, Kazuyoshi Sato, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28 (2008) 1815-1819
[68]李强.一种螺杆研磨机.[P].中国,B02C19/22, CN101185911 A.2008.05.28.
[69]Biljana D. Stojanovic. [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003, (143-144):78-81
[70]H.A.M. van Hal, W.A. Groen, S. Maassen, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 21 (2001):1689-1692
[71]Yoshikazu Kameshima, Masaki Irie, Atsuo Yasumori, et al. [J]. Solid State Ionics 172 (2004) 185-190
[72]Bar Akgiin, H. Erdem Camurlu, Yavuz Topkaya, Naci Sevinc. [J]. Int. Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2011,29(5):601-607
[73]M.A. Roldan, V. Lopez-Flores, M.D. Alcala, A. Ortega, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30 (2010) 2099-2107
[74]M. Sakaki, M.Sh. Bafghi, J. Vahdati Khaki, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 480 (2009) 824-829
[75]E. Mohammad Sharifi, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Enayati. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol.482, PP.110-113,2009.
[76]S. Sabooni, T. Mousavi, F. Karimzadeh, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 497 (2010) 95-99
[77]E. Mohammad Sharifi, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Enayati. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 502 (2010) 508-512
[78]E. Mohammad Sharifi, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Enayati. [J]. Advanced Powder Technology 22 (2011) 526-531
[79]S. Sabooni, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Abbasi. [J]. Advanced Powder Technology (2011), doi:10.1016/j.apt.2011.02.004
[80]N.V. Kosova, E.T. Devyatkina, V.V. Kaichev. [J]. Solid State Ionics, Volume 192, Issue 1,16 June 2011, Pages 284-288
[81]Sandeep Mahajan, Chandra Prakash, O.P. Thakur. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 471 (2009) 507-510
[82]Reza Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi, Akbar Chami. [J]. Solid State Sciences 12 (2010) 1645-1651
[83]Aaron C. Dodd. [J]. Powder Technology 196 (2009) 30-35
[84]P. Balaz, E. Dutkova, I. Skorvanek, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 483(2009)484-487
[85]Vladimir V. Plashnitsa, Vinay Gupta, Norio Miura. [J]. Electrochimica Acta 55 (2010)6941-6945
[86]Samayamutthirian Palaniandy, Noorina Hidayu Jamil. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 476 (2009):894-902
[87]Junya Kano, Eiko Kobayashi,William Tongamp, et al. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,480 (2009):666-669
[1]任永国,刘自强,杨凯等.[J].中国陶瓷,2008,44(4)：44-46
[2]Claussen N. [J]. Advance in Ceramics,1984,12:325-351.
[3]Garvie R C, Hannink R H J, Pasoe R T. [J]. Nature, London,1975,258:703-704.
[4]Lange F F. [J]. J. Mater. Sci.,1982,17:225-234.
[5]Marshall D B. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1986,69(3):173-180.
[6]McMeeking M, Evans A G. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1983,65(5):242-246.
[7]王零森.[J].陶瓷工程,1997,312：43-50.
[8]Somiya S, Yamamoto N, Yangagida H. [J]. American Ceramic Society,1988, 71:595-606.
[9]Stevens M. [J]. Magnesium Elektron Ltd,1986.
[10]Heuer A H.Transformation. [J]. American Ceramic Society,1996,16,71-77.
[11]黄勇,何锦涛,马天.[J].稀有金属快报,2004,06：11-17
[12]San-Yuan Chen, Hong-Yang Lu. [J]. J. Mater. Sci.,1988,23:1195-1200.
[13]F. F. Lange, G. L. Dunlop, B. I. Davis. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1986,69(3): 237-240
[14]MINH N Q. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1993,76:563-588.
[15]Casanova A. [J]. Westinghouse solid oxide,1991,9:39-45.
[16]Christel Laberty-Robert, Florence Ansart, Celine Deloget. [J]. Ceramics International,2003,29(2):151-158.
[17]K. Yasuda, S. Arai, Mltoh, K. Wada. [J]. J. Mater. Sci.,1999,34:3597-3604.
[18]李强.一种螺杆研磨机.[P].中国,B02C19/22, CN101185911,2008.05.28.
[19]吴皓,陈诚,蒋丹宇等.[J].无机材料学报,2010,25(5)：541-545
[20]尹衍升,李嘉.氧化锆陶瓷及其复合材料.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[21]郑育英,黄慧民,刘志平.[J].硅酸盐通报,2008,27(1)：50-54
[22]黄勇,何锦涛,马天.[J].稀有金属快报,2004,23(06)11-17.
[23]运新跃,黄德信,徐兵,李雨林,蒋丹宇,张骋.[J].硅酸盐通报,2009,28(s1)：102-105
[24]Gupta T K, Bechtold J H, Kuznicki R C. [J]. Mater.Sci,1977,12:2421-2426
[25]马亚鲁,谈家琪,朱宣惠.[J].陶瓷学报,1996,17(4)：48-52
[26]Bikramjit.Basu, Jozef Vleugels, Omber Van Der Biest. [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, A336(2004):338-347
[27]毛骏飙,陈楷.[J].材料导报,1997,11(15)：38-41
[28]杜海燕,刘家臣,王惠,杨正方,袁启明.[J].硅酸盐学报,2002,8(6)：553-556
[29]G. Roebben, B. Basul, J. Vleugels, O. Van der Biest. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23 (2003) 481-489
[30]Xin Guo. [J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 60,1999,539-546
[31]A. N. Makarenko, A. G. Belous and Y. V. Pashkova. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 19,1999,945-947
[32]Junguo Li, Lianmeng Zhang, Qiang Shen, Toshiyuki Hashida. [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A297,2001,26-30
[1]牟军,郦剑,郭绍义等.[J].材料科学与工程,1994,12(3)：6-11.
[2]张林,范仕刚.[J].现代技术陶瓷,2002,4：25.
[3]周洋,袁广江,徐荣久.[J].硅酸盐通报,2001,4：31-35.
[4]Evnas A. G. [J]. J. Am. Cerma. Soc.,1990,73(2):187-206.
[5]Steinbreeh R W. [J]. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.,1992,10(3):132-142.
[6]Beeher P F. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1991,74(2):255-269.
[7]高勇,陈森凤.[J].材料导报,1998,12(3)：70-72.
[8]张建良,毛裕文,洪彦若.[J].硅酸盐学报,1994,22(1)：97-101.
[9]赵振波,朱时珍,梁胜德.[J].材料导报,1998,6：45-48.
[10]罗学涛,袁润章.[J].材料导报,1997,11(3)：26-28.
[11]沈建兴,张炳荣,刘宏.[J].硅酸盐通报,2000,4：54-57.
[12]崔琳.[J].兵器材料科学与工程,1999,22(2)：68-71.
[13]焦宝祥.[D].南京：南京工业大学,2004年.
[14]Whitemore O J, Marshall D W. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1952,35(4):85-89.
[15]Claussen N. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,1978,61:85-97.
[16]贺智勇,李林.[J].硅酸盐通报,2004,23(1)：77-80.
[17]Curtis C E. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc,1947,30(6):80-96.
[18]Adams J W, Nakamura H H. Fabrication. [J]. J. American Ceramic Society,1985, 68:220-228.
[19]Marshall B, Swain M V. [J]. J. American Ceramic Society,1988,71,399-407.
[20]Muccillo R, Muccillo O E N S, Saito N H. [J]. Materials Letters.1998, 34:128-132.
[21]NAGATA K G.A. [J]. Solid State Devices.1989,12,215-222.
[22]余鑫孟,徐宝奎,袁发得.[J].稀有金属快报,2007,26(1)：28-32
[23]崔琳.[J].兵器材料科学与工程,1999,22(2)：68-71.
[24]西尾兼,Sensors for Automobile Engine Control. [M],日本：新日本印刷株式会社,2002.
[25]雷复兴,刘晖,吴卫江等.[J].耐火材料,1999,33(4)：211-213
[26]金篆藏,王明时.现代传感技术.[M].电子工业出版社,1995年第一版.
[27]王常珍.固体电解质和化学传感器.[M].冶金工业出版社,2000年第一版
[28]王贤仁,王德君,高强等.[J].仪表技术与传感器,1998,8：5-13
[29]小林戚佑,松田晾夫.[J].センサ技术,1987,7(13)：31-35.
[30]Kohsi Ishibashi,Takafumi Kashima, Akiyoshi Asada. [J]. Sensors and Actuators, 1993,13-14,41-44.
[31]Mitsuhiro Nakzawa and Akiyoshi Asada.D. [J]. Fujikura Ltd,2003,15,135.
[32]Nagata K G.A. [J]. Solid State Devices,1989,28,205-222.
[33]夏金峰.钢水定氧传感器MgO部分稳定Zr02固体电解质的制备及其表征[D].上海：华东师范大学,2011
[34]安胜利,赵文广,安立国.[J].华东冶金学院学报,1997,14(4)：351-357.
[35]黄克勤,夏玉华,刘庆国.[J].钢铁,1995,30(9)：24-8.
[36]王常珍.固体电解质和化学传感器.[M].冶金工业出版社,2000.
[37]陈贤伍,蒋丹宇.[J].江苏陶瓷,2006,39：7-9.
[38]高长贺.氧化锆固体电解质定氧测头性能的改进.[D].北京科技大学,2004.
[1]JB Zhao, SB Qu, HL Du, et al. [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. B,2009,162:9-13
[2]Biljana D. Stojanovic. [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003, 143-144:78-81
[3]P Moetakef, ZA Nemati. [J]. Electroceramics.2007,19:207-213
[4]Yiqing Lu, Yongxiang Li, et al. [J]. Microelectronics Journal,2004,35:379-382
[5]王歆,庄志强,齐雪君等.[J].无机材料学报,2002,17(2)：306-310
[6]Chengkang Chang, Zhaoxin Yuan, Dali Mao. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2006,415:220-224
[7]李晓云,陆天长等.[J].南京化工大学学报,2001,23(2)：32-35
[8]Tianyou Peng, Huanping Yang, et al. [J]. Materials Letters,2004,58:352-356
[9]KH Yoona, HS Parka, JY Choa, et al. [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2003,23:2579-2582
[10]Sandeep Mahajan, Chandra Prakash, O.P. Thakur. [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,471:507-510.
[11]Chun-Chieh Chang, Prashant N. Kumta. [J]. Materials Science and Engineering B,2005,116:341-345
[12]李强.一种螺杆研磨机.[P].中国,B02C19/22, CN101185911A.2008.05.28.
[13]HalliiyalA, KumarU, Neanham R E, et al. [J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull.,1987, 66(4):671-676.
[14]Inda M. [J]. Natal Tech Rep,1977,27 (1):95-102.
[15]陈诚.纳米铁电材料机械化学法低温快速合成.[D].上海：华东师范大学,2009
[1]Pinnavaia T. J., Beall G.W. Polymer-Clay Nano composites. [M]. Chichester, West Sussex, UK:John Wiley&Sons,2000.
[2]漆宗能,尚文字.聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料理论与实践.[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
[3]WEI Fengyan, GONG Qiang, YAN Sheng. [J]. Materials Review,2003,17(9): 110-113.
[4]LIU Xinhai, LIU Zhi, ZHAO Ying, et al. [J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica,2006(4): 645-648.
[5]Wu Zeng gang, Zhou Chi xing, Qi Rongrong. [J]. J. Appl. Poly. Sci.,2002,83(11): 2403-2410
[6]Salinas A., Pittman J. F. T. [J]. J. Poly. Eng. Sci.,1981,21(1):23-31
[7]Haasegawa N., Okamoto H., Kawasumi M. et. al. [J]. Macro. Mater. Eng.,2000, 76:280-281
[8]R. Abe, K. Shinohara, A. Tanaka, et. al. [J]. J. Chem. Mater.,1997,9,2179.
[9]R. Abe, K. Shinohara, A. Tanaka, et. al. [J]. J. Chem. Mater.,1998,10,329.
[10]M. Kaschak, J. Lean, C. Waraksa, et. al. [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1999,121,3435.
[11]G. B. Saupe, C. C. Waraksa, H. N. Kim, et. al. [J]. J. Chem. Mater.,2000,12, 1556.
[12]R. E. Schaak, T. E. Mallouk. [J]. J. Chem. Mater,2000,12,3427.
[13]Y. S. Han, I. Park, J. H. Choy, J. [J]. J. Mater. Chem.,2001,11,1277.
[14]王淼,黄庆利,陈学太.[J].无机化学学报,2007,(23)9：1550-1554
[15]H. Xin, R. Ma, L.Wang, et al. [J]. J. Appl. Phys. Lett.,2004,85:4187.
[16]H. Xin, Y. Ebina, R. Ma, et al. [J]. J. Phys. Chem. B,2006,110:9863.
[17]T.C. Ozawa, K. Fukuda, K. Akt asuka, et al. [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C,2009, 113:8735.
[18]T. C. Ozawa, K. Fukuda, K. Akt asuka, et al. [J]. J. Phys. Chem. C,2008, 112:17115.
[19]Y. Matsumoto, U. Unal, Y. Kimura, [J]. J. Phys. Chem. B,2005,109:12748.
[20]Z. Lu, J. Wang, Y. Tang, Y. J. Li, [J]. Solid State Chem.,2004,177,3075.
[21]J. P.Rainho, L. D. Carlos, J. J.Rocha, [J]. Lumin.2000,87-89,1083.
[22]J. L. Kropp, M. W Windsor, [J]. J. Phys.Chem.,1965,42,1599.
[23]D. Ananias, A. Ferreira, J. Rocha, et al. [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2001,123,5735.
[24]G. Blasse, B.C. Grabmaier. [M]. Luminescent Material, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
[25]Tang Q, Shen J M, Zhou W J, et al. [J]. J. Mater. Chem.,2003,13:3103-3106
[26]许成科，邱桂明，黄翀.[J].光电子技术,2010,30(1):37-44
[27]刘旭,肖金标,孙小菡.[J].光学学报,2007,27(4)：680-684.
[28]H. Xin, F. Y. Li, M. Shi, Z. Q. Bian, and C. H. Huang. [J]. J. Am. Chem, Soc., 2003,125:7166
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |