植物嫁接体的发育：接口融合过程的时期划分、表达谱分析及相关基因的鉴定
|
摘要
植物体的嫁接是广泛应用于农业生产中的无性繁殖技术,在我国,其应用历史已经有上千年之久。嫁接技术不仅作为一种实用技术在生产中得到大量应用,在植物学的基础研究中也发挥着十分重要的作用,为我们了解植物体的生长发育机制提供了大量可靠的数据,其应用涉及到植物学研究的各个方面,包括长途信号转导等。在研究中,嫁接不仅仅作为一种技术得到广泛应用,嫁接体的发育机制也是重要的研究课题,特别是接口融合过程中发生的各种组织上以及生理上的变化,涉及到植物学研究中的许多热点问题,例如接口融合过程中组织以及器官的再生,遗传物质在接穗砧木细胞间转移等等。模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中,幼苗微嫁接技术(micrografting)因其简便易行成为研究中最主要使用的嫁接技术。本论文中通过对拟南芥幼苗微嫁接技术进行改进和完善,在简化实验操作步骤的同时,提高了嫁接成活率,并且可以方便的应用于多种双子叶植物中。对拟南芥幼苗嫁接体进行的组织学分析显示在嫁接后三天(3dag, days after grafting),接穗和砧木之间的维管组织已经重新相互连接。SUC2/WT嫁接体根部的GFP荧光检测以及品红染色实验,证实在嫁接后三天韧皮部以及木质部的物质运输功能已经恢复。嫁接后第二天,生长素特异响应植株DR5的嫁接实验显示出,接穗砧木之间维管组织重新连接的过程中,生长素诱导特定细胞分化,为接穗以及砧木中维管组织的连接“定向”。嫁接后一天嫁接体的表达谱分析证实了接穗砧木细胞之间进行的细胞间信号传递过程,这一过程重建了接穗与砧木细胞间的通讯网络,从而为后续的发育打下了基础。根据上述实验,对接口融合过程进行了时期划分并建立了发育模型,并且通过对芯片差异表达基因的初步筛选,挑选数个基因对其进行了初步的功能分析。本论文中的嫁接技术更加简便易行,为利用嫁接技术进行植物学研究提供了更为广阔的应用前景。对接口融合过程的分析和研究是这一领域中重要的基础工作,为今后的相关研究工作提供了简便可靠的技术平台并铺垫了坚实的理论基础,其中对相关基因的功能分析将为后续研究提供重要的思路以及基础。
Grafting is an ancient cloning method that has been used widely for thousands of years in agricultural practices. Graft union development is also an intricate process which involves substantial changes such as organ regeneration and genetic material exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms for graft union development are still largely unknown. Here, we improved the micrografting method that has been used widely in Arabidopsis to facilitate the sample analysis. Based on our new method, we analysed the graft union development. Histological analysis suggested a recovery of transport activities of vasculature at3dag (days after grafting). Investigations of auxin marker DR5with WT plants showed auxin modulated the vascular reconnection at2dag. We performed transcriptional analysis of WT/WT grafts at ldag, and the data revealed a signal exchange process between cells of scion and stock at1dag, which reestablished the communication network in graft union. This communication process concomitant with the cleaning of cell debris, and both of the processes were initiated by a wound-induced program. Based on the microarray data, several genes were analysed to identify their functions in union development. In summary, our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential power of investigating various plant developmental processes by the new micrografting method and represent a primary and significant step in interpretation of the molecular mechanisms underlying graft union development.
Grafting is an ancient cloning method that has been used widely for thousands of years in agricultural practices. Graft union development is also an intricate process which involves substantial changes such as organ regeneration and genetic material exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms for graft union development are still largely unknown. Here, we improved the micrografting method that has been used widely in Arabidopsis to facilitate the sample analysis. Based on our new method, we analysed the graft union development. Histological analysis suggested a recovery of transport activities of vasculature at3dag (days after grafting). Investigations of auxin marker DR5with WT plants showed auxin modulated the vascular reconnection at2dag. We performed transcriptional analysis of WT/WT grafts at ldag, and the data revealed a signal exchange process between cells of scion and stock at1dag, which reestablished the communication network in graft union. This communication process concomitant with the cleaning of cell debris, and both of the processes were initiated by a wound-induced program. Based on the microarray data, several genes were analysed to identify their functions in union development. In summary, our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential power of investigating various plant developmental processes by the new micrografting method and represent a primary and significant step in interpretation of the molecular mechanisms underlying graft union development.
引文
Albacete A, Martinez-Andujar C, Ghanem ME, Acosta M, Sanchez-Bravo J, Asins MJ, Cuartero J, Lutts S, Dodd IC, Perez-Alfocea F.2009. Rootstock-mediated changes in xylem ionic and hormonal status are correlated with delayed leaf senescence, and increased leaf area and crop productivity in salinized tomato. Plant Cell Environ 32:928-38.
An H, Roussot C, Suarez-Lopez P, Corbesier L, Vincent C, Pineiro M, Hepworth S, Mouradov A, Justin S, Turnbull C, Coupland G.2004. CONSTANS acts in the phloem to regulate a systemic signal that induces photoperiodic flowering of Arabidopsis. Development 131(15):3615-26.
Asahina M, Iwai H, Kikuchi A, Yamaguchi S, Kamiya Y, Kamada H, Satoh S.2002. Gibberellin produced in the cotyledon is required for cell division during tissue reunion in the cortex of cut cucumber and tomato hypocotyls. Plant Physiology 129,201-210.
Asahina M, Azuma K, Pitaksaringkarn W, et al.2011. Spatially selective hormonal control of RAP2.6L and ANAC071 transcription factors involved in tissue reunion in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 108,16128-16132.
Atkinson, C. and M. Else.2001. Understanding how rootstocks dwarf fruit trees. Compact Fruit Tree 64:46-49.
Bainbridge K, Bennett T, Turnbull C, Leyser O.2006. Grafting. Methods in Molecular Biology 323,39-44.
Banerjee AK, Chatterjee M, Yu Y, Suh SG, Miller WA, Hannapel DJ.2006. Dynamics of a mobile RNA of potato involved in a long-distance signaling pathway. Plant Cell 18:3443-57.
Bassil E, Tajima H, Liang YC, Ohto MA, Ushijima K, Nakano R, Esumi T, Coku A, Belmonte M, Blumwald E.2011. The Arabidopsis Na+/H+Antiporters NHX1 a nd NHX2 Control Vacuolar pH and K+ Homeostasis to Regulate Growth, Flower Development, and Reproduction. Plant Cell 23:3482-97.
Batistic O, Waadt R, Steinhorst L, Held K, Kudla J.2010. CBL-mediated targeting of CIPKs facilitates the decoding of calcium signals emanating from distinct cellular stores. Plant J 61(2): 211-22.
Benkova'E, Michniewicz M, Sauer M, Teichmann T, Seifertova'D, Ju" rgens G, Friml J.2003. Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation. Cell 115,591-602.
Beveridge CA, Ross JJ, Murfet IC.1994. Branching Mutant rms-2 in Pisum sativum. Grafting Studies and Endogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels. Plant Physiol 104:953-959.
Boyko A, Kathiria P, Zemp FJ, Yao Y, Pogribny I, Kovalchuk I.2007. Transgenerational changes in the genome stability and methylation in pathogen-infected plants. Nucleic Acids Res 35:1714-25.
Boyko A, Blevins T, Yao Y, Golubov A, Bilichak A, Ilnytskyy Y, Hollunder J, Meins F Jr, Kovalchuk I.2010. Transgenerational Adaptation of Arabidopsisto Stress Requires DNA Methylation and the Function of Dicer-Like Proteins. PLoS One 5:e9514.
Brosnan CA, Mitter N, Christie M, Smith NA, Waterhouse PM, Carroll BJ.2007. Nuclear gene silencing directs reception of long-distance mRNA silencing in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences of the United States of America 104:14741-14746.
Cano-Delgado A, Lee JY, Demura T.2010. Regulatory Mechanisms for Specification and Patterning of Plant Vascular Tissues. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol,26:605-637.
Carter C, Pan S, Zouhar J, Avila EL, Girke T, Raikhel NV.2004. The Vegetative Vacuole Proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana Reveals Predicted and Unexpected Proteins. Plant Cell 16:3285-303.
Chen A, Komives EA, Schroeder JI.2006. An improved grafting technique for mature Arabidopsis plants demonstrates long-distance shoot-to-root transport of phytochelatins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 141:108-20.
Chen LQ, Hou BH, Lalonde S, et al.2010. Sugar transporters for intercellular exchange and nutrition of pathogens. Nature 468,527-532.
Cheung AY and Wu HM.2008. Structural and signaling networks for the polar cell growth machinery in pollen tubes. Annual Review of Plant Biology59,547-572.
Chikano H, Ogawa M, Ikeda Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H.2001. Two novel genes encoding SNF-1 related protein kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana:differential accumulation of AtSRl and AtSR2 transcripts in response to cytokinins and sugars, and phosphorylation of sucrose synthase by AtSR2. Molecular and General Genetics 264,674-681.
Christmann A, Weiler EW, Steudle E, Grill E.2007. A hydraulic signal in root-to-shoot signalling of water shortage. The Plant Journal 52:167-174.
Crete P, Leuenberger S, Iglesias VA, Suarez V, Schob H, Holtorf H, van Eeden S, Meins F. 2001. Graft transmission of induced and spontaneous post-transcriptional silencing of chitinase genes. Plant J 28:493-501.
Corbesier L,Vincent C, Jang S, Fornara F, Fan Q, Searle I, Giakountis A, Farrona S, Gissot L, Turnbull C, Coupland G.2007. FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis. Science 316:1030-1033.
De Smet I, Vassileva V, De Rybel B, Levesque MP, Grunewald W, Van Damme D, Van Noorden G, Naudts M, Van Isterdael G, De Clercq R et al..2008. Receptor-like kinase ACR4 restricts formative cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root. Science 322:594-597.
Dong H, Niu Y, Li W, Zhang D.2008. Effects of cotton rootstock on endogenous cytokinins and abscisic acid in xylem sap and leaves in relation to leaf senescence. J Exp Bot 59:1295-304.
Dunoyer P, Brosnan CA, Schott G, Wang Y, Jay F, Alioua A, Himber C, Voinnet O.2010. An endogenous, systemic RNAi pathway in plants. EMBO J 29:1699-712.
Estan MT, Martinez-Rodriguez MM, Perez-Alfocea F, Flowers TJ, Bolarin MC.2005. Grafting raises the salt tolerance of tomato through limiting the transport of sodium and chloride to the shoot. Journal of Experimental Botany 56:703-712.
Ferguson BJ, Ross JJ, Reid JB.2005. Nodulation phenotypes of gibberellin and brassinosteroid mutants of pea. Plant Physiol 138:2396-405.
Fernandez-Calvino L, Faulkner C, Walshaw J, Saalbach G, Bayer E, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Maule A.2011. Arabidopsis Plasmodesmal Proteome. PLoS One 6:e 18880.
Fernandez-Garcia N, Carvajal M, Olmos E.2003. Graft union formation in tomato plants: peroxidase and catalase involvement. Annals of Botany 93:53-60.
Filkowski J, Yeoman A, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I.2004. Systemic plant signal triggers genome instability. Plant J 38:1-11.
Flaishman MA, Loginovsky K, Golobowich S, Lev-Yadun S.2008. Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for graft union development in homografts and heterografts. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 27,231-239.
Foo E, Morris SE, Parmenter K, Young N, Wang H, Jones A, Rameau C, Turnbull CG, Beveridge CA.2007. Feedback regulation of xylem cytokinin content is conserved in pea and Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 143:1418-1428.
Foo E, Turnbull CG, Beveridge CA.2001. Long-distance signaling and the control of branching in the rmsl mutant of pea. Plant Physiol 126:203-9.
Fragoso V, Goddard H, Baldwin IT, Kim SG.2011. A simple and efficient micrografting method for stably transformed Nicotiana attenuata plants to examine shoot-root signaling. Plant Methods 7,34.
Furuichi T, Mori IC, Takahashi K, Muto S.2001. Sugar-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in Arabidopsis thaliana whole plants. Plant Cell Physiol 42:1149-55.
Fusaro AF, Matthew L, Smith NA, Curtin SJ, Dedic-Hagan J, Ellacott GA, Watson JM, Wang MB, Brosnan C, Carroll BJ, Waterhouse PM.2006. RNA interference-inducing hairpin RNAs in plants act through the viral defence pathway. EMBO Rep 7:1168-75.
Gajdanowicz P, Michard E, Sandmann M, Rocha M, Correa LG, Ramirez-Aguilar SJ, Gomez-Porras JL, Gonzalez W, Thibaud JB, van Dongen JT, Dreyer I.2011. Potassium (K+) gradients serve as a mobile energy source in plant vascular tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:864-9.
Green LS and Rogers EE.2004. FRD3 Controls Iron Localization in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 136:2523-31.
Gutierrez C.2009. The Arabidopsis Cell Division Cycle. The Arabidopsis Book e 0120.
Hake S and Char B.1997. Cell-cell interactions during plant development. Genes Dev 11: 1087-1097.
Ham BK, Brandom JL, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Ringgold V, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ.2009. A polypyrimidine tract binding protein, pumpkin RBP50, forms the basis of a phloem-mobile ribonucleoprotein complex. Plant Cell 21:197-215.
Hauben M, Haesendonckx B, Standaert E,et al.2009. Energy use efficiency is characterized by an epigenetic component that can be directed through artificial selection to increase yield. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA106,20109-20114.
Hayward A, Stirnberg P, Beveridge C, Leyser O.2009. Interactions between Auxin and Strigolactone in Shoot Branching Control. Plant Physiol 151(1):400-12.
Held K, Pascaud F, Eckert C, Gajdanowicz P, Hashimoto K, Corratge-Faillie C, Offenborn JN, Lacombe B, Dreyer I, Thibaud JB, Kudla J.2011. Calcium-dependent modulation and plasma membrane targeting of the AKT2 potassium channel by the CBL4/CIPK6 calcium sensor/protein kinase complex. Cell Res 21:1116-30.
Huang NC and Yu TS.2009. The sequences of Arabidopsis GA-INSENSITIVE RNA constitute the motifs that are necessary and sufficient for RNA long-distance trafficking. Plant J 59:921-9.
Imlau A, Truernit E, Sauer N.1999. Cell-to-cell and long-distance trafficking of the green fluorescent protein in the phloem and symplastic unloading of the protein into sink tissues. The Plant Cell 11:309-322.
Ito Y, Nakanomyo I, Motose H, Iwamoto K, Sawa S, Dohmae N, Fukuda H.2006. Dodeca-CLE peptides as suppressors of plant stem cell differentiation. Science 313:842-845.
Johannes F, Porcher E, Teixeira FK,et al.2009. Assessing the impact of transgenerational epigenetic variation on complex traits. PLoS Genetics 5, el 000530.
John M, Rohrig H, Schmidt J, Walden R, Schett J.1997. Cell signalling by oligosaccharides. Trends in Plant Science 2,111-115.
Johnson X, Brcich T, Dun EA, Goussot M, Haurogne K, Beveridge CA, Rameau C.2006. Branching genes are conserved across species. Genes controlling a novel signal in pea are coregulated by other long-distance signals. Plant Physiol 142:1014-26.
Kim M, Canio W, Kessler S, Sinha N.2001. Developmental changes due to long-distance movement of a homeobox fusion transcript in tomato. Science 293,287-289.
Kollmann R and Glockmann C.1985. Studies on Graft Unions. I. Plasmodesmata Between Cells of Plants Belonging to Different Unrelated Taxa. Protoplasma 124:224-235.
Kollmann R and Glockmann C.1991. Studies on Graft Unions. III. On the mechanism of secondary formation of plasmodesmata at the graft interface. Protoplasma 165:71-85.
Kollmann R, Yang S and Glockmann C.1985. Studies on graft unions II. Continuous and half plasmodesmata in different regions of the graft interface. Protoplasma 126:19-29.
Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O, Kalck V, Boyko V, Filkowski J, Heinlein M, Hohn B.2003. Pathogen-induced systemic plant signal triggers DNA rearrangements. Nature 423:760-2.
Kumar A, McClure B.2010. Pollen-pistil interactions and the endomembrane system. Journal of Experimental Botany 61,2001-2013.
Lang, G., W. Howell, D. Ophardt and G. Mink.1997. Biotic and abiotic stress responses of interspecific hybrid cherry rootstocks. Acta Hortic.451:217-224.
Lifschitz E, Eviatar T, Rozman A, Shalit A, Goldshmidt A, Amsellem Z, Alvarez JP, Eshed Y. 2006. The tomato FT ortholog triggers systemic signals that regulate growth and flowering and substitute for diverse environmental stimuli. Proc Nail Acad Sci U S A 103:6398-403.
Li L, Li C, Lee GI, Howe GA.2002. Distinct roles for jasmonate synthesis and action in the systemic wound response of tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:6416-21.
Lin MK, Belanger H, Lee YJ, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Taoka K, Miura E, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Gendler K, Jorgensen RA, Phinney B, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ.2007. FLOWERING LOCUS T protein may act as the long-distance florigenic signal in the cucurbits. Plant Cell 19:1488-506.
Liu YS.2006. Historical and Modern Genetics of Plant Graft Hybridization. Advances in Genetics 56:101-129.
Maliga P, Bock R.2011. Plastid Biotechnology:Food, Fuel, and Medicine for the 21st Century. Plant Physiol 155:1501-10.
Mallory AC, Mlotshwa S, Bowman LH, Vance VB.2003. The capacity of transgenic tobacco to send a systemic RNA silencing signal depends on the nature of the inducing transgene locus. Plant J 35:82-92.
Martin A, Adam H, Diaz-Mendoza M, Zurczak M, Gonzalez-Schain ND, Suarez-Lopez P. 2009. Graft-transmissible induction of potato tuberization by the microRNA miR172. Development 136:2873-81.
Matsumoto-Kitano M, Kusumoto T, Tarkowski P, Kinoshita-Tsujimura K, Vaclavikova K, Miyawaki K, Kakimoto T.2008. Cytokinins are central regulators of cambial activity. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences of the United States of America 105: 20027-20031.
Mayer KF, Schoof H, Haecker A, Lenhard M, Jurgens G, Laux T.1998. Role of WUSCHEL in regulating stem cell fate in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Cell 95:805-815.
Melnyk CW, Molnar A, Bassett A, Baulcombe DC.2011. Mobile 24nt Small RNAs Direct Transcriptional Gene Silencing in the Root Meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 21:1678-83.
Molnar A, Melnyk CW, Bassett A, Hardcastle TJ, Dunn R, Baulcombe DC.2010. Small silencing RNAs in plants are mobile and direct epigenetic modification in recipient cells. Science 328:872-875.
Murashige J, Bitters WP, Rangan JS.1972. Atechnique of shoot apex grafting and its utilization towards recovering virus free citrus clone. J Hortic Sci 7:118-119.
Navarro C, Abelenda JA, Cruz-Oro E, Cuellar CA, Tamaki S, Silva J, Shimamoto K, Prat S. 2011. Control of flowering and storage organ formation in potato by FLOWERING LOCUS T. Nature 478(7367):119-22.
Notaguchi M, Daimon Y, Abe M, Araki T.2009. Adaptation of a seedling micro-grafting technique to the study of long-distance signaling in flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Res 122:201-14.
Ogawa M, Shinohara H, Sakagami Y, Matsubayashi Y.2008. Arabidopsis CLV3 peptide directly binds CLV1 ectodomain. Science 319:294.
Ohta Yasuo.1991. Graft-transformation, the mechanism for graft-induced genetic changes in higher plants. Euphytica 55:91-99.
Ohyama K, Shinohara H, Ogawa-Ohnishi M, Matsubayashi Y.2009. A glycopeptide regulating stem cell fate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Chem Biol 5:578-580.
Oparka KJ, Roberts AG, Boevink P, Santa Cruz S, Roberts I, Pradel KS, Imlau A, Kotlizky G, SauerN, Epel B.1999. Simple, but not branched, plasmodesmata allow the nonspecific trafficking of proteins in developing tobacco leaves. Cell 97,743-754.
Park SW, Kaimoyo E, Kumar D, Mosher S, Klessig DF.2007. Methyl salicylate is a critical mobile signal for plant systemic acquired resistance. Science 318:113-6.
Prassinos C, Ko JH, Lang G, Iezzoni AF, Han KH.2009. Rootstock-induced dwarfing in cherries is caused by differential cessation of terminal meristem growth and is triggered by rootstock-specific gene regulation. Tree Physiology 29:927-936.
Raffaele S, Bayer E, Lafarge D, et al.2009. Remorin, a solanaceae protein resident in membrane rafts and plasmodesmata, impairs potato virus X movement.The Plant Cell 21, 1541-1555.
Ramon M, Rolland F, Sheen J.2008. Sugar sensing and signaling. The Arabidopsis Book 6, 1-22.
Reid JB, Murfet IC and Potts WC.1983. Internode Length in Pisum. II. Additional Information on the Relationship and Action of Loci Le, La, Cry, Na and Lm. Journal of Experimental Botany 34:349-364.
Reinders J, Wulff BB, Mirouze M, Dapp M, Rozhon W, Bucher E, Theiler G, Paszkowski J. 2009. Compromised stability of DNA methylation and transposon immobilization in mosaic Arabidopsis epigenomes. Genes & Development 23,939-950.
Rus A, Baxter I, Muthukumar B, Gustin J, Lahner B, Yakubova E, Salt DE.2005. Natural variants of AtHKTl enhance Na+ accumulation in two wild populations of Arabidopsis. PLoS Genetics 2:e210.
Rusk N.2009. Grafting as a potent molecular tool. Nature Methods 6:486.
Sablowski R.2007. The dynamic plant stem cell niches. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10:639-644.
Sarkar AK, Luijten M, Miyashima S, Lenhard M, Hashimoto T, Nakajima K, Scheres B, Heidstra R, Laux T.2007. Conserved factors regulate signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root stem cell organizers. Nature 446:811-814.
Sauer M, Balla J, Luschnig C, Wisniewska J, Reino" hl V, Friml J, Benkova'E.2006. Canalization of auxin flow by Aux/IAA-ARF-dependent feedback regulation of PIN polarity.Genes & Development 20,2902-2911.
Scarpella E, Barkoulas M, Tsiantis M.2009. Control of leaf and vein development by auxin. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology2, a001511.
Schilmiller AL, Howe GA.2005. Systemic signaling in the wound response. Current Opinon in Plant Biology 8,369-377.
Seo PJ, Park JM, Kang SK, Kim SG, Park CM.2011. An Arabidopsissenescence-associated protein SAG29 regulates cell viability under high salinity. Planta 233,189-200.
Siguenza C, Schochow M, Turini T, Ploeg A.2005. Use of Cucumis metuliferus as a rootstock for melon to manage Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 37:276-280.
Sonoda S and Nishiguchi M.1999. Graft transmission of post-transcriptional gene silencing: target specificity for RNA degradation is transmissible between silenced and non-silenced plants, but not between silenced plants. Plant J 21:1-8.
Stahl Y and Simon R.2010. Plant primary meristems:shared functions and regulatory mechanisms. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13:53-58.
Stefanovic A, Arpat AB, Bligny R, Gout E, Vidoudez C, Bensimon M, Poirier Y.2011. Over-expression of PHO1 in Arabidopsis leaves reveals its role in mediating phosphate efflux. Plant J 66:689-99.
Stegemann S and Bock R.2009. Exchange of genetic material between cells in plant tissue grafts. Science 324:649-651.
Stegemann S, Keuthe M, Greiner S, Bock R.2012. Horizontal transfer of chloroplast genomes between plant species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:2434-8.
Surpin M, Raikhel N.2004. Traffic jams affect plant development and signal transduction. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5,100-109.
Taller J, Hirata Y,. Yagishita N, Kita M, Ogata S.1998. Graft-induced genetic changes and the inheritance of several characteristics in pepper(Capsicum annuumL.). Theor Appl Genet 97: 705-713.
Taller J, Yagishita N, HirataY.1999. Graft-induced variants as a source of novel characteristics in the breeding of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.). Euphytica 108:73-78.
Thatcher LF, Manners JM, Kazan K.2009. Fusarium oxysporum hijacks COI1-mediated jasmonate signaling to promote disease development in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 58: 927-939.
Thomas CL, Bayer EM, Ritzenthaler C, Fernandez-Calvino L, Maule AJ.2008. Specific targeting of a plasmodesmal protein affecting cell-to-cell communication. PLoS Biology 6, e7.
Thyssen G, Svab Z, Maliga P.2012. Cell-to-cell movement of plastids in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:2439-43.
Tsukaya H, Naito S, Redei GP and Komeda Y.1993. Anew class of mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, acaulisl, affecting the development of both inflorescences and leaves. Development 118: 751-764.
Tucker MR and Laux T.2007.Connecting the paths in plant stem cell regulation. Trends Cell Biol 17(8):403-10.
Truernit E, Bauby H, Dubreucq B, Grandjean O, Runions J, Palauqui JC.2008. High-resolution whole-mount imaging of three-dimensional tissue organization and gene expression enables the study of phloem development and structure in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 20,1494-1503.
Turnbull CG, Booker JP, Leyser HM.2002. Micrografting techniques for testing long-distance signalling in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 32:255-262.
Ulmasov T, Murfett J, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ.1997. Aux/IAA Proteins Repress Expression of Reporter Genes Containing Natural and Highly Active Synthetic Auxin Response Elements. Plant Cell 9:1963-71.
Vanneste S and Friml J.2009. Auxin:a trigger for change in plant development. Cell 136: 1005-1016.
Verberne MC, Hoekstra J, Bol JF, Linthorst HJ.2003. Signaling of systemic acquired resistance in tobacco depends on ethylene perception. Plant J 35:27-32.
Vincent Dielen, Muriel Quinet, Jaime Chao, Henri Batoko, Andree Havelange and Jean-Marie Kinet.2003. UNIFLORA, a pivotal gene that regulates floral transition and meristem identity in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum). New Phytologist 161:393-400
Voinnet O.2009. Origin, Biogenesis, and Activity of Plant MicroRNAs. Cell 136:669-687.
Wang XY, Guo GQ, Nie XW, Zheng GC.1998. Cytochemical localization of cellulase activity in pollen mother cells of David Lily during meiotic prophase I and its relation to secondary formation of plasmodesmata.Protoplasma 204,128-138.
Webster, A.D.1998. Strategies for controlling the size of sweet cherry trees. Acta Hortic. 468:229-239.
Weinl S, Kudla J.2009. The CBL-CIPK Ca2+-decoding signaling network, function and perspectives. New Phytologist 184,517-528.
Widiez T, El Kafafi el S, Girin T, Berr A, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Vayssieres A, Shen WH, Coruzzi GM, Gojon A, Lepetit M.2011. HIGH NITROGEN INSENSITIVE 9 (HNI9)-mediated systemic repression of root NO3- uptake is associated with changes in histone methylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:13329-34.
Xia Y, Suzuki H, Borevitz J, Blount J, Guo Z, Patel K, Dixon RA, Lamb C.2004. An extracellular aspartic protease functions in Arabidopsis disease resistance signaling. The EMBO Journal 23:980-988.
Zheng BS, Chu HL, Jin SH, Huang YJ, Wang ZJ, Chen M, Huang JQ.2010. cDNA-AFLP analysis of gene expression in hickory (Carya carthayensis) during graft process. Tree Physio30:297-303.
Zhou Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Shi K, Yu J, Nogues S.2007. Chill-induced decrease in capacity of RuBP carboxylation and associated H2O2 accumulation in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd. Ann Bot 100:839-48.
Zhou Y, Zhou J, Huang L, Ding X, Shi K, Yu J.2009. Grafting of Cucumis sativus onto Cucurbita ficifolia leads to improved plant growth, increased light utilization and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in chilled plants. Journal of Plant Research 122:529-540.
An H, Roussot C, Suarez-Lopez P, Corbesier L, Vincent C, Pineiro M, Hepworth S, Mouradov A, Justin S, Turnbull C, Coupland G.2004. CONSTANS acts in the phloem to regulate a systemic signal that induces photoperiodic flowering of Arabidopsis. Development 131(15):3615-26.
Asahina M, Iwai H, Kikuchi A, Yamaguchi S, Kamiya Y, Kamada H, Satoh S.2002. Gibberellin produced in the cotyledon is required for cell division during tissue reunion in the cortex of cut cucumber and tomato hypocotyls. Plant Physiology 129,201-210.
Asahina M, Azuma K, Pitaksaringkarn W, et al.2011. Spatially selective hormonal control of RAP2.6L and ANAC071 transcription factors involved in tissue reunion in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 108,16128-16132.
Atkinson, C. and M. Else.2001. Understanding how rootstocks dwarf fruit trees. Compact Fruit Tree 64:46-49.
Bainbridge K, Bennett T, Turnbull C, Leyser O.2006. Grafting. Methods in Molecular Biology 323,39-44.
Banerjee AK, Chatterjee M, Yu Y, Suh SG, Miller WA, Hannapel DJ.2006. Dynamics of a mobile RNA of potato involved in a long-distance signaling pathway. Plant Cell 18:3443-57.
Bassil E, Tajima H, Liang YC, Ohto MA, Ushijima K, Nakano R, Esumi T, Coku A, Belmonte M, Blumwald E.2011. The Arabidopsis Na+/H+Antiporters NHX1 a nd NHX2 Control Vacuolar pH and K+ Homeostasis to Regulate Growth, Flower Development, and Reproduction. Plant Cell 23:3482-97.
Batistic O, Waadt R, Steinhorst L, Held K, Kudla J.2010. CBL-mediated targeting of CIPKs facilitates the decoding of calcium signals emanating from distinct cellular stores. Plant J 61(2): 211-22.
Benkova'E, Michniewicz M, Sauer M, Teichmann T, Seifertova'D, Ju" rgens G, Friml J.2003. Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation. Cell 115,591-602.
Beveridge CA, Ross JJ, Murfet IC.1994. Branching Mutant rms-2 in Pisum sativum. Grafting Studies and Endogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels. Plant Physiol 104:953-959.
Boyko A, Kathiria P, Zemp FJ, Yao Y, Pogribny I, Kovalchuk I.2007. Transgenerational changes in the genome stability and methylation in pathogen-infected plants. Nucleic Acids Res 35:1714-25.
Boyko A, Blevins T, Yao Y, Golubov A, Bilichak A, Ilnytskyy Y, Hollunder J, Meins F Jr, Kovalchuk I.2010. Transgenerational Adaptation of Arabidopsisto Stress Requires DNA Methylation and the Function of Dicer-Like Proteins. PLoS One 5:e9514.
Brosnan CA, Mitter N, Christie M, Smith NA, Waterhouse PM, Carroll BJ.2007. Nuclear gene silencing directs reception of long-distance mRNA silencing in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences of the United States of America 104:14741-14746.
Cano-Delgado A, Lee JY, Demura T.2010. Regulatory Mechanisms for Specification and Patterning of Plant Vascular Tissues. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol,26:605-637.
Carter C, Pan S, Zouhar J, Avila EL, Girke T, Raikhel NV.2004. The Vegetative Vacuole Proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana Reveals Predicted and Unexpected Proteins. Plant Cell 16:3285-303.
Chen A, Komives EA, Schroeder JI.2006. An improved grafting technique for mature Arabidopsis plants demonstrates long-distance shoot-to-root transport of phytochelatins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 141:108-20.
Chen LQ, Hou BH, Lalonde S, et al.2010. Sugar transporters for intercellular exchange and nutrition of pathogens. Nature 468,527-532.
Cheung AY and Wu HM.2008. Structural and signaling networks for the polar cell growth machinery in pollen tubes. Annual Review of Plant Biology59,547-572.
Chikano H, Ogawa M, Ikeda Y, Koizumi N, Kusano T, Sano H.2001. Two novel genes encoding SNF-1 related protein kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana:differential accumulation of AtSRl and AtSR2 transcripts in response to cytokinins and sugars, and phosphorylation of sucrose synthase by AtSR2. Molecular and General Genetics 264,674-681.
Christmann A, Weiler EW, Steudle E, Grill E.2007. A hydraulic signal in root-to-shoot signalling of water shortage. The Plant Journal 52:167-174.
Crete P, Leuenberger S, Iglesias VA, Suarez V, Schob H, Holtorf H, van Eeden S, Meins F. 2001. Graft transmission of induced and spontaneous post-transcriptional silencing of chitinase genes. Plant J 28:493-501.
Corbesier L,Vincent C, Jang S, Fornara F, Fan Q, Searle I, Giakountis A, Farrona S, Gissot L, Turnbull C, Coupland G.2007. FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis. Science 316:1030-1033.
De Smet I, Vassileva V, De Rybel B, Levesque MP, Grunewald W, Van Damme D, Van Noorden G, Naudts M, Van Isterdael G, De Clercq R et al..2008. Receptor-like kinase ACR4 restricts formative cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root. Science 322:594-597.
Dong H, Niu Y, Li W, Zhang D.2008. Effects of cotton rootstock on endogenous cytokinins and abscisic acid in xylem sap and leaves in relation to leaf senescence. J Exp Bot 59:1295-304.
Dunoyer P, Brosnan CA, Schott G, Wang Y, Jay F, Alioua A, Himber C, Voinnet O.2010. An endogenous, systemic RNAi pathway in plants. EMBO J 29:1699-712.
Estan MT, Martinez-Rodriguez MM, Perez-Alfocea F, Flowers TJ, Bolarin MC.2005. Grafting raises the salt tolerance of tomato through limiting the transport of sodium and chloride to the shoot. Journal of Experimental Botany 56:703-712.
Ferguson BJ, Ross JJ, Reid JB.2005. Nodulation phenotypes of gibberellin and brassinosteroid mutants of pea. Plant Physiol 138:2396-405.
Fernandez-Calvino L, Faulkner C, Walshaw J, Saalbach G, Bayer E, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Maule A.2011. Arabidopsis Plasmodesmal Proteome. PLoS One 6:e 18880.
Fernandez-Garcia N, Carvajal M, Olmos E.2003. Graft union formation in tomato plants: peroxidase and catalase involvement. Annals of Botany 93:53-60.
Filkowski J, Yeoman A, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I.2004. Systemic plant signal triggers genome instability. Plant J 38:1-11.
Flaishman MA, Loginovsky K, Golobowich S, Lev-Yadun S.2008. Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for graft union development in homografts and heterografts. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 27,231-239.
Foo E, Morris SE, Parmenter K, Young N, Wang H, Jones A, Rameau C, Turnbull CG, Beveridge CA.2007. Feedback regulation of xylem cytokinin content is conserved in pea and Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 143:1418-1428.
Foo E, Turnbull CG, Beveridge CA.2001. Long-distance signaling and the control of branching in the rmsl mutant of pea. Plant Physiol 126:203-9.
Fragoso V, Goddard H, Baldwin IT, Kim SG.2011. A simple and efficient micrografting method for stably transformed Nicotiana attenuata plants to examine shoot-root signaling. Plant Methods 7,34.
Furuichi T, Mori IC, Takahashi K, Muto S.2001. Sugar-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in Arabidopsis thaliana whole plants. Plant Cell Physiol 42:1149-55.
Fusaro AF, Matthew L, Smith NA, Curtin SJ, Dedic-Hagan J, Ellacott GA, Watson JM, Wang MB, Brosnan C, Carroll BJ, Waterhouse PM.2006. RNA interference-inducing hairpin RNAs in plants act through the viral defence pathway. EMBO Rep 7:1168-75.
Gajdanowicz P, Michard E, Sandmann M, Rocha M, Correa LG, Ramirez-Aguilar SJ, Gomez-Porras JL, Gonzalez W, Thibaud JB, van Dongen JT, Dreyer I.2011. Potassium (K+) gradients serve as a mobile energy source in plant vascular tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:864-9.
Green LS and Rogers EE.2004. FRD3 Controls Iron Localization in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 136:2523-31.
Gutierrez C.2009. The Arabidopsis Cell Division Cycle. The Arabidopsis Book e 0120.
Hake S and Char B.1997. Cell-cell interactions during plant development. Genes Dev 11: 1087-1097.
Ham BK, Brandom JL, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Ringgold V, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ.2009. A polypyrimidine tract binding protein, pumpkin RBP50, forms the basis of a phloem-mobile ribonucleoprotein complex. Plant Cell 21:197-215.
Hauben M, Haesendonckx B, Standaert E,et al.2009. Energy use efficiency is characterized by an epigenetic component that can be directed through artificial selection to increase yield. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA106,20109-20114.
Hayward A, Stirnberg P, Beveridge C, Leyser O.2009. Interactions between Auxin and Strigolactone in Shoot Branching Control. Plant Physiol 151(1):400-12.
Held K, Pascaud F, Eckert C, Gajdanowicz P, Hashimoto K, Corratge-Faillie C, Offenborn JN, Lacombe B, Dreyer I, Thibaud JB, Kudla J.2011. Calcium-dependent modulation and plasma membrane targeting of the AKT2 potassium channel by the CBL4/CIPK6 calcium sensor/protein kinase complex. Cell Res 21:1116-30.
Huang NC and Yu TS.2009. The sequences of Arabidopsis GA-INSENSITIVE RNA constitute the motifs that are necessary and sufficient for RNA long-distance trafficking. Plant J 59:921-9.
Imlau A, Truernit E, Sauer N.1999. Cell-to-cell and long-distance trafficking of the green fluorescent protein in the phloem and symplastic unloading of the protein into sink tissues. The Plant Cell 11:309-322.
Ito Y, Nakanomyo I, Motose H, Iwamoto K, Sawa S, Dohmae N, Fukuda H.2006. Dodeca-CLE peptides as suppressors of plant stem cell differentiation. Science 313:842-845.
Johannes F, Porcher E, Teixeira FK,et al.2009. Assessing the impact of transgenerational epigenetic variation on complex traits. PLoS Genetics 5, el 000530.
John M, Rohrig H, Schmidt J, Walden R, Schett J.1997. Cell signalling by oligosaccharides. Trends in Plant Science 2,111-115.
Johnson X, Brcich T, Dun EA, Goussot M, Haurogne K, Beveridge CA, Rameau C.2006. Branching genes are conserved across species. Genes controlling a novel signal in pea are coregulated by other long-distance signals. Plant Physiol 142:1014-26.
Kim M, Canio W, Kessler S, Sinha N.2001. Developmental changes due to long-distance movement of a homeobox fusion transcript in tomato. Science 293,287-289.
Kollmann R and Glockmann C.1985. Studies on Graft Unions. I. Plasmodesmata Between Cells of Plants Belonging to Different Unrelated Taxa. Protoplasma 124:224-235.
Kollmann R and Glockmann C.1991. Studies on Graft Unions. III. On the mechanism of secondary formation of plasmodesmata at the graft interface. Protoplasma 165:71-85.
Kollmann R, Yang S and Glockmann C.1985. Studies on graft unions II. Continuous and half plasmodesmata in different regions of the graft interface. Protoplasma 126:19-29.
Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O, Kalck V, Boyko V, Filkowski J, Heinlein M, Hohn B.2003. Pathogen-induced systemic plant signal triggers DNA rearrangements. Nature 423:760-2.
Kumar A, McClure B.2010. Pollen-pistil interactions and the endomembrane system. Journal of Experimental Botany 61,2001-2013.
Lang, G., W. Howell, D. Ophardt and G. Mink.1997. Biotic and abiotic stress responses of interspecific hybrid cherry rootstocks. Acta Hortic.451:217-224.
Lifschitz E, Eviatar T, Rozman A, Shalit A, Goldshmidt A, Amsellem Z, Alvarez JP, Eshed Y. 2006. The tomato FT ortholog triggers systemic signals that regulate growth and flowering and substitute for diverse environmental stimuli. Proc Nail Acad Sci U S A 103:6398-403.
Li L, Li C, Lee GI, Howe GA.2002. Distinct roles for jasmonate synthesis and action in the systemic wound response of tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:6416-21.
Lin MK, Belanger H, Lee YJ, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Taoka K, Miura E, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Gendler K, Jorgensen RA, Phinney B, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ.2007. FLOWERING LOCUS T protein may act as the long-distance florigenic signal in the cucurbits. Plant Cell 19:1488-506.
Liu YS.2006. Historical and Modern Genetics of Plant Graft Hybridization. Advances in Genetics 56:101-129.
Maliga P, Bock R.2011. Plastid Biotechnology:Food, Fuel, and Medicine for the 21st Century. Plant Physiol 155:1501-10.
Mallory AC, Mlotshwa S, Bowman LH, Vance VB.2003. The capacity of transgenic tobacco to send a systemic RNA silencing signal depends on the nature of the inducing transgene locus. Plant J 35:82-92.
Martin A, Adam H, Diaz-Mendoza M, Zurczak M, Gonzalez-Schain ND, Suarez-Lopez P. 2009. Graft-transmissible induction of potato tuberization by the microRNA miR172. Development 136:2873-81.
Matsumoto-Kitano M, Kusumoto T, Tarkowski P, Kinoshita-Tsujimura K, Vaclavikova K, Miyawaki K, Kakimoto T.2008. Cytokinins are central regulators of cambial activity. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences of the United States of America 105: 20027-20031.
Mayer KF, Schoof H, Haecker A, Lenhard M, Jurgens G, Laux T.1998. Role of WUSCHEL in regulating stem cell fate in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Cell 95:805-815.
Melnyk CW, Molnar A, Bassett A, Baulcombe DC.2011. Mobile 24nt Small RNAs Direct Transcriptional Gene Silencing in the Root Meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 21:1678-83.
Molnar A, Melnyk CW, Bassett A, Hardcastle TJ, Dunn R, Baulcombe DC.2010. Small silencing RNAs in plants are mobile and direct epigenetic modification in recipient cells. Science 328:872-875.
Murashige J, Bitters WP, Rangan JS.1972. Atechnique of shoot apex grafting and its utilization towards recovering virus free citrus clone. J Hortic Sci 7:118-119.
Navarro C, Abelenda JA, Cruz-Oro E, Cuellar CA, Tamaki S, Silva J, Shimamoto K, Prat S. 2011. Control of flowering and storage organ formation in potato by FLOWERING LOCUS T. Nature 478(7367):119-22.
Notaguchi M, Daimon Y, Abe M, Araki T.2009. Adaptation of a seedling micro-grafting technique to the study of long-distance signaling in flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Res 122:201-14.
Ogawa M, Shinohara H, Sakagami Y, Matsubayashi Y.2008. Arabidopsis CLV3 peptide directly binds CLV1 ectodomain. Science 319:294.
Ohta Yasuo.1991. Graft-transformation, the mechanism for graft-induced genetic changes in higher plants. Euphytica 55:91-99.
Ohyama K, Shinohara H, Ogawa-Ohnishi M, Matsubayashi Y.2009. A glycopeptide regulating stem cell fate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Chem Biol 5:578-580.
Oparka KJ, Roberts AG, Boevink P, Santa Cruz S, Roberts I, Pradel KS, Imlau A, Kotlizky G, SauerN, Epel B.1999. Simple, but not branched, plasmodesmata allow the nonspecific trafficking of proteins in developing tobacco leaves. Cell 97,743-754.
Park SW, Kaimoyo E, Kumar D, Mosher S, Klessig DF.2007. Methyl salicylate is a critical mobile signal for plant systemic acquired resistance. Science 318:113-6.
Prassinos C, Ko JH, Lang G, Iezzoni AF, Han KH.2009. Rootstock-induced dwarfing in cherries is caused by differential cessation of terminal meristem growth and is triggered by rootstock-specific gene regulation. Tree Physiology 29:927-936.
Raffaele S, Bayer E, Lafarge D, et al.2009. Remorin, a solanaceae protein resident in membrane rafts and plasmodesmata, impairs potato virus X movement.The Plant Cell 21, 1541-1555.
Ramon M, Rolland F, Sheen J.2008. Sugar sensing and signaling. The Arabidopsis Book 6, 1-22.
Reid JB, Murfet IC and Potts WC.1983. Internode Length in Pisum. II. Additional Information on the Relationship and Action of Loci Le, La, Cry, Na and Lm. Journal of Experimental Botany 34:349-364.
Reinders J, Wulff BB, Mirouze M, Dapp M, Rozhon W, Bucher E, Theiler G, Paszkowski J. 2009. Compromised stability of DNA methylation and transposon immobilization in mosaic Arabidopsis epigenomes. Genes & Development 23,939-950.
Rus A, Baxter I, Muthukumar B, Gustin J, Lahner B, Yakubova E, Salt DE.2005. Natural variants of AtHKTl enhance Na+ accumulation in two wild populations of Arabidopsis. PLoS Genetics 2:e210.
Rusk N.2009. Grafting as a potent molecular tool. Nature Methods 6:486.
Sablowski R.2007. The dynamic plant stem cell niches. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10:639-644.
Sarkar AK, Luijten M, Miyashima S, Lenhard M, Hashimoto T, Nakajima K, Scheres B, Heidstra R, Laux T.2007. Conserved factors regulate signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root stem cell organizers. Nature 446:811-814.
Sauer M, Balla J, Luschnig C, Wisniewska J, Reino" hl V, Friml J, Benkova'E.2006. Canalization of auxin flow by Aux/IAA-ARF-dependent feedback regulation of PIN polarity.Genes & Development 20,2902-2911.
Scarpella E, Barkoulas M, Tsiantis M.2009. Control of leaf and vein development by auxin. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology2, a001511.
Schilmiller AL, Howe GA.2005. Systemic signaling in the wound response. Current Opinon in Plant Biology 8,369-377.
Seo PJ, Park JM, Kang SK, Kim SG, Park CM.2011. An Arabidopsissenescence-associated protein SAG29 regulates cell viability under high salinity. Planta 233,189-200.
Siguenza C, Schochow M, Turini T, Ploeg A.2005. Use of Cucumis metuliferus as a rootstock for melon to manage Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 37:276-280.
Sonoda S and Nishiguchi M.1999. Graft transmission of post-transcriptional gene silencing: target specificity for RNA degradation is transmissible between silenced and non-silenced plants, but not between silenced plants. Plant J 21:1-8.
Stahl Y and Simon R.2010. Plant primary meristems:shared functions and regulatory mechanisms. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13:53-58.
Stefanovic A, Arpat AB, Bligny R, Gout E, Vidoudez C, Bensimon M, Poirier Y.2011. Over-expression of PHO1 in Arabidopsis leaves reveals its role in mediating phosphate efflux. Plant J 66:689-99.
Stegemann S and Bock R.2009. Exchange of genetic material between cells in plant tissue grafts. Science 324:649-651.
Stegemann S, Keuthe M, Greiner S, Bock R.2012. Horizontal transfer of chloroplast genomes between plant species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:2434-8.
Surpin M, Raikhel N.2004. Traffic jams affect plant development and signal transduction. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5,100-109.
Taller J, Hirata Y,. Yagishita N, Kita M, Ogata S.1998. Graft-induced genetic changes and the inheritance of several characteristics in pepper(Capsicum annuumL.). Theor Appl Genet 97: 705-713.
Taller J, Yagishita N, HirataY.1999. Graft-induced variants as a source of novel characteristics in the breeding of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.). Euphytica 108:73-78.
Thatcher LF, Manners JM, Kazan K.2009. Fusarium oxysporum hijacks COI1-mediated jasmonate signaling to promote disease development in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 58: 927-939.
Thomas CL, Bayer EM, Ritzenthaler C, Fernandez-Calvino L, Maule AJ.2008. Specific targeting of a plasmodesmal protein affecting cell-to-cell communication. PLoS Biology 6, e7.
Thyssen G, Svab Z, Maliga P.2012. Cell-to-cell movement of plastids in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:2439-43.
Tsukaya H, Naito S, Redei GP and Komeda Y.1993. Anew class of mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, acaulisl, affecting the development of both inflorescences and leaves. Development 118: 751-764.
Tucker MR and Laux T.2007.Connecting the paths in plant stem cell regulation. Trends Cell Biol 17(8):403-10.
Truernit E, Bauby H, Dubreucq B, Grandjean O, Runions J, Palauqui JC.2008. High-resolution whole-mount imaging of three-dimensional tissue organization and gene expression enables the study of phloem development and structure in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 20,1494-1503.
Turnbull CG, Booker JP, Leyser HM.2002. Micrografting techniques for testing long-distance signalling in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 32:255-262.
Ulmasov T, Murfett J, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ.1997. Aux/IAA Proteins Repress Expression of Reporter Genes Containing Natural and Highly Active Synthetic Auxin Response Elements. Plant Cell 9:1963-71.
Vanneste S and Friml J.2009. Auxin:a trigger for change in plant development. Cell 136: 1005-1016.
Verberne MC, Hoekstra J, Bol JF, Linthorst HJ.2003. Signaling of systemic acquired resistance in tobacco depends on ethylene perception. Plant J 35:27-32.
Vincent Dielen, Muriel Quinet, Jaime Chao, Henri Batoko, Andree Havelange and Jean-Marie Kinet.2003. UNIFLORA, a pivotal gene that regulates floral transition and meristem identity in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum). New Phytologist 161:393-400
Voinnet O.2009. Origin, Biogenesis, and Activity of Plant MicroRNAs. Cell 136:669-687.
Wang XY, Guo GQ, Nie XW, Zheng GC.1998. Cytochemical localization of cellulase activity in pollen mother cells of David Lily during meiotic prophase I and its relation to secondary formation of plasmodesmata.Protoplasma 204,128-138.
Webster, A.D.1998. Strategies for controlling the size of sweet cherry trees. Acta Hortic. 468:229-239.
Weinl S, Kudla J.2009. The CBL-CIPK Ca2+-decoding signaling network, function and perspectives. New Phytologist 184,517-528.
Widiez T, El Kafafi el S, Girin T, Berr A, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Vayssieres A, Shen WH, Coruzzi GM, Gojon A, Lepetit M.2011. HIGH NITROGEN INSENSITIVE 9 (HNI9)-mediated systemic repression of root NO3- uptake is associated with changes in histone methylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:13329-34.
Xia Y, Suzuki H, Borevitz J, Blount J, Guo Z, Patel K, Dixon RA, Lamb C.2004. An extracellular aspartic protease functions in Arabidopsis disease resistance signaling. The EMBO Journal 23:980-988.
Zheng BS, Chu HL, Jin SH, Huang YJ, Wang ZJ, Chen M, Huang JQ.2010. cDNA-AFLP analysis of gene expression in hickory (Carya carthayensis) during graft process. Tree Physio30:297-303.
Zhou Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Shi K, Yu J, Nogues S.2007. Chill-induced decrease in capacity of RuBP carboxylation and associated H2O2 accumulation in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd. Ann Bot 100:839-48.
Zhou Y, Zhou J, Huang L, Ding X, Shi K, Yu J.2009. Grafting of Cucumis sativus onto Cucurbita ficifolia leads to improved plant growth, increased light utilization and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in chilled plants. Journal of Plant Research 122:529-540.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |