几种农林生物质废弃物再利用生产无土栽培基质技术及应用
摘要
现代观赏植物无土栽培生产主要依赖于泥炭作为栽培基质,然而品质优良的泥炭基质既价格高昂,又不可再生。另一方面,大量有机质含量丰富的农林生物质资源被随意填埋、焚烧,不仅造成资源浪费,而且严重污染环境。因此,基于经济、环保和资源循环利用等多方面的原因,本文研究探讨了利用农林生物质废弃物生产无土栽培基质,进而在花卉生产中部分或全部替代泥炭基质的可行性。以期开发出一类价格便宜、来源充足、栽培效果好,具有广阔的应用前景的环保型基质产品。
通过大量预实验,最终选取玉米芯和园林绿化废弃物(枯枝、落叶)为试验原料,通过发酵腐熟、高温惰化两种方法对原料进行稳定化处理,以对照用泥炭基质理化性状为依据,将腐熟玉米芯(C)、高温惰化玉米芯(PC)、高温惰化园林绿化废弃物(PG)及丹麦“品氏”泥炭(P),以不同比例进行混配,产生9个替代基质处理(％V／V): PC (100％)；C(100％)；PG(100％)；C (70％)+PG(30％)；PC (70％) +PG (30％)；C (35％)+PG (15％)+P (50％):PC (50％)+P (50％)；PC (70％)+PG (30％)+P (50％)；C(50％)+P (50％):对照为P(100％).
通过“红粉佳人”红掌(Anthurium andraeanum‘Pink Lady’)在上述10种基质中的栽培试验研究,结果表明50%替代泥炭的处理,在红掌形态指标建成,红掌生物量积累和分配,红掌抗移栽适应性等方面的影响与泥炭基质差异不显著或优于泥炭基质。同时,本文还对各处理基质试验前后,理化性质的变化及稳定性进行了分析,结果表明50%替代泥炭的处理,理化性状稳定性较好。利用模糊数学隶属函数方法,将红掌生理指标与基质成本柑结合,对10种处理基质进行综合评价。结果表明,两种处理基质(35%腐熟玉米芯+15%高温惰化园林绿化废弃物+50%泥炭；50%高温惰化玉米芯＋50%泥炭)综合评价指数,显著优于泥炭基质,可以在保证红掌品质的前提下,达到替代泥炭基质同时降低基质成本的目的(平均降低34.7%)。
本研究中，在农林生物质废弃物稳定化处理过程中引入了高温惰化处理技术,与发酵腐熟技术相结合,为实现不同种类农林生物质废弃物高效、稳定、低成本的基质化再利用提供了新的途径。
The primary component of soilless rooting media for ornamental plant production is peat. Quality peat, however, is costly and is a non-renewable natural resource. The reused of biomass residues is increasingly concerned due to the "natural resources crisis" and issues of "environmental protection", The growing media made from organic agricultural wastes regenerates natural resources and reduces the consumption of quality peat. Several kinds of agriculture-forestry biomass residues such as the corn cob, garden waste (branches, leaves) were selected as the raw material of the growing media on pot-flower. The objective of this study was to find a way to reuse agriculture-forestry biomass residues, and converted it into a kind of growing media to replace the traditional media of peat used in the production of Anthurium andraeanum‘Pink Lady’. Ten treatment media were carried out consisting of pyrolysised corn cobs (PC); composted corn cobs (C); pyrolysised garden wastes (PG); and peat (P) in various proportions. The substrate mixtures used were (%v/v):PC (100%), C (100%), PG (100%), C (70%)+ PG (30%), PC (70%)+PG (30%), C (35%)+PG (15%)+P (50%), PC (50%)+P (50%), PC (70%)+ PG (30%)+P (50%), C (50%)+p (50%), and P(100%) as control. The effects of the various treatments media on A. andraeanum were evaluated based on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and the cut flower quality during the 15-months experimental period. The results show that A. andraeanum were optimal using 35%composted corn cobs+15%pyrolysised garden wastes+50%peat and 50%pyrolysised corn cobs+50%peat, indicating that mixing pyrolysised or composted biomass residues with peat could substitute for peat as a suitable medium for anthurium production. In additional, it will reduce the need for peat, cut off about 34.7%of the media cost in soilless culture of A. andraeanum and provide another way to reuse agricultural wastes.
通过大量预实验,最终选取玉米芯和园林绿化废弃物(枯枝、落叶)为试验原料,通过发酵腐熟、高温惰化两种方法对原料进行稳定化处理,以对照用泥炭基质理化性状为依据,将腐熟玉米芯(C)、高温惰化玉米芯(PC)、高温惰化园林绿化废弃物(PG)及丹麦“品氏”泥炭(P),以不同比例进行混配,产生9个替代基质处理(％V／V): PC (100％)；C(100％)；PG(100％)；C (70％)+PG(30％)；PC (70％) +PG (30％)；C (35％)+PG (15％)+P (50％):PC (50％)+P (50％)；PC (70％)+PG (30％)+P (50％)；C(50％)+P (50％):对照为P(100％).
通过“红粉佳人”红掌(Anthurium andraeanum‘Pink Lady’)在上述10种基质中的栽培试验研究,结果表明50%替代泥炭的处理,在红掌形态指标建成,红掌生物量积累和分配,红掌抗移栽适应性等方面的影响与泥炭基质差异不显著或优于泥炭基质。同时,本文还对各处理基质试验前后,理化性质的变化及稳定性进行了分析,结果表明50%替代泥炭的处理,理化性状稳定性较好。利用模糊数学隶属函数方法,将红掌生理指标与基质成本柑结合,对10种处理基质进行综合评价。结果表明,两种处理基质(35%腐熟玉米芯+15%高温惰化园林绿化废弃物+50%泥炭；50%高温惰化玉米芯＋50%泥炭)综合评价指数,显著优于泥炭基质,可以在保证红掌品质的前提下,达到替代泥炭基质同时降低基质成本的目的(平均降低34.7%)。
本研究中，在农林生物质废弃物稳定化处理过程中引入了高温惰化处理技术,与发酵腐熟技术相结合,为实现不同种类农林生物质废弃物高效、稳定、低成本的基质化再利用提供了新的途径。
The primary component of soilless rooting media for ornamental plant production is peat. Quality peat, however, is costly and is a non-renewable natural resource. The reused of biomass residues is increasingly concerned due to the "natural resources crisis" and issues of "environmental protection", The growing media made from organic agricultural wastes regenerates natural resources and reduces the consumption of quality peat. Several kinds of agriculture-forestry biomass residues such as the corn cob, garden waste (branches, leaves) were selected as the raw material of the growing media on pot-flower. The objective of this study was to find a way to reuse agriculture-forestry biomass residues, and converted it into a kind of growing media to replace the traditional media of peat used in the production of Anthurium andraeanum‘Pink Lady’. Ten treatment media were carried out consisting of pyrolysised corn cobs (PC); composted corn cobs (C); pyrolysised garden wastes (PG); and peat (P) in various proportions. The substrate mixtures used were (%v/v):PC (100%), C (100%), PG (100%), C (70%)+ PG (30%), PC (70%)+PG (30%), C (35%)+PG (15%)+P (50%), PC (50%)+P (50%), PC (70%)+ PG (30%)+P (50%), C (50%)+p (50%), and P(100%) as control. The effects of the various treatments media on A. andraeanum were evaluated based on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and the cut flower quality during the 15-months experimental period. The results show that A. andraeanum were optimal using 35%composted corn cobs+15%pyrolysised garden wastes+50%peat and 50%pyrolysised corn cobs+50%peat, indicating that mixing pyrolysised or composted biomass residues with peat could substitute for peat as a suitable medium for anthurium production. In additional, it will reduce the need for peat, cut off about 34.7%of the media cost in soilless culture of A. andraeanum and provide another way to reuse agricultural wastes.
引文
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