无水港选址与内部功能区布局规划研究
摘要
随着全球经济一体化的发展，国际航运领域先后经历了航运的集装箱化以及航运与港口的整合，内陆运输领域也经历了集装箱化和多式联运的发展。航运企业、港口以及港口腹地的供应链参与者之间的纵向整合已经成为现代港口管理的趋势。无水港作为一种将港口功能延伸到内陆的方式，已经成为全球物流系统的重要组成部分，是运输系统和国际供应链的关键节点，起到连接区域经济和全球供应链的作用。内陆企业为了享受到沿海港口的便捷服务，满足内陆外向型经济的发展，也积极推动无水港的发展。无水港不仅是我国内陆地区改革开放的窗口，也是内陆地区开发开放的前沿阵地。随着无水港建设的快速发展以及无水港群的出现，使得无水港科学选址与内部功能区布局规划成为当前物流领域一个亟待解决的问题。
无水港的合理选址与内部功能区布局，对于降低物流成本，提高物流效率，增强港口的竞争力，促进区域经济的发展，减少环境污染等方面都具有重要的意义。尽管目前我国无水港规划和建设发展迅速，但是相关部门和人员对无水港概念和内涵的理解参差不齐，一些地区存在着盲目规划和建设的情况，针对无水港选址和布局基本理论和方法研究并不充分，缺乏对实践规划和经营的指导依据。论文基于无水港物流系统分析，对无水港选址和内部功能区布局方法进行了系统深入的研究。研究成果对无水港发展与规划具有参考作用。论文完成的主要工作包括：
将无水港物定义为在内陆地区建立的具有报关、报检、签发提单等港口服务功能的物流中心，且具有配送、库存管理、信息管理、简单加工等增值服务功能，发挥第四方物流平台的作用，它和海港之间有高运能的运输方式，包含铁路运输和公路运输、内河运输。详细介绍了无水港系统中管理者与使用方推动无水港建设的动机，并分别分析了无水港物流系统的集散与运输功能、物流增值服务功能、服务腹地经济功能。
以充分发挥无水港物流系统功能为目标，设计了无水港选址评价指标体系。以运输效率、成本费用、经济社会指标、环境指标与产业链指标等函数来表征无水港的综合效益，以成本、客户满意度、环境效益、经济社会指标和产业链聚集度等为目标函数，建立了无水港选址的多目标优化模型，并基于遗传算法研究了多目标优化模型的求解方法，讨论了编码、选择算子、交叉算子和变异算子等进化多目标优化的实现技术。从无水港建设主导方以及无水港与母港的距离两个维度，将无水港进行分类，以充分发挥无水港作为物流中心的增值服务功能为目标，提出了无水港功能布局规划的目的和原则，明确了无水港建设规模的确定方法以及各类无水港的主要功能分区构成，给出了无水港功能分区布局方法和流程。
选取北部湾港口群腹地区域作为研究对象，基于本文提出的多目标优化选址模型和功能布局规划方法进行了实证分析。
论文创新点主要体现在以下几个方面：
（1）综合地区政策、地区经济发展水平、产业链发展水平、交通运输条件等影响因素，建立了无水港选址评价指标体系；
（2）以无水港综合效益最优为目标，考虑吞吐能力、运输能力、客户容忍时间等约束条件，建立了无水港选址多目标优化模型；
（3）从无水港建设主导方以及无水港与母港的距离两个维度将无水港分类，给出了各类型无水港内部主要功能区构成及布局形式。
With the development of global economic integration, the international shipping fieldsexperienced the containerization and the integration of shipping and port, and the inlandtransport experienced the development of containerization and multimodal transport.Vertical integration of shipping enterprises, ports, and supply chain participants in theharbor hinterland has been the tendency in the modern port management, and dry port hasbeen the main component in the global logistics system as the way extending the portfunction to the hinterland. Dry port is the key point of the global logistics system as theextension of the ports and it has the function on connecting the regional economy andglobal supply chain. The inland enterprises promote the development of dry port activelyfor enjoying the coastal port convenient service and meeting the development of inlandexport-oriented economy. Dry port is not only the window of reform and opening but alsothe front base of development for inland area.
The location selection and layout of dry port plays important roles on reducinglogistics cost, improving logistics efficiency, strengthening the port competitiveness,promoting the regional economic development, and reducing environment pollution.Although the planning and construction of the dry ports are developping fast, relevantdepartments and personnel have different ideas on the concept and connotation of dry port,aimless planning and construction exist in some regions, basic theory and methods researchof dry port sites selection and layout are not sufficient, and guidance to direct planningpractice and operation are insufficient. This paper deeply analyzed the dry port logisticssystem, systematically proposed and completed the methods of dry port location selectionand internal function area layout planning, which will be helpful for dry port planning anddevelopment.
The main content in this paper includes:
Dry port is defined as logistics center with port services such as customs clearance,inspection, and bill of lading issue, associated with value-adding service functions such asdistribution, inventory management, information management, simple processing, and playthe role of the fourth part logistics platform. There are high capacity transportation corridorconnected dry port and seaport such as railway transportation, highway transportation, andinland water transportation. The paper gives a detailed account of the motivation promotingdry port development from the way between the managers and operators, and analyzes thedry port logistics system function on distributing and transportation, increasing logisticsvalue and servicing inland economy.
On the basis mentioned above, so as to make full use of dry port logistics systematicfunction, this paper creates evaluation index system of the dry port location selection,which can testify the dry port comprehensive benefits, symbolized by the transportefficiency, costs and fees, economic social index, environment index and industrial chainindex, etc. as functions. With costs, clients’ satisfaction, environmental benefits, economicsocial index and industrial aggregation level, etc. as the target functions, this paperestablishes the multi-objective optimization model of dry port location selection, based ongenetic algorithm, studies the approach of multi-objective optimization model solution,discusses the implementation technology of multi-objective optimization of the encode,operator selection, cross-over operator and mutation operator, etc. In order to make full useof the value-adding features of dry port, this paper puts forward to the objective andprinciple of future planning of dry port’s function configuration, the method of determiningthe scale of dry port development and main functional layout of dry port, and the approachand process of dry port functional layout.
By picking up the hinterland region of the Northern Gulf port as a study object, basedon the multi-objective optimization model of dry port location selection and the method offunction configuration planning, this paper does its empirical analysis.
The innovations of this paper mainly lie in the following parts:
(1) By adopting the approach of systematic theory, this paper analyzes the dry portlogistics system, manifests the definition of dry port, analyzes the motivation of dry portdevelopment, and analyzes the structures and functions of dry port logistic systemprofoundly.
(2) After comprehensive concern about the motivation of dry port planners, and aswell as the users’ promotion of dry port development, in order to make full use of functionsof dry port logistic system, this paper establishes the evaluation index system and themulti-objective optimization model of dry port location selection, and then based ongenetic algorithm, studies the approach of model solution.
(3) The dry ports were classified from two dimensions: distance and leading builders,and further detailed analysis of the various types of dry port layout characteristics.
无水港的合理选址与内部功能区布局，对于降低物流成本，提高物流效率，增强港口的竞争力，促进区域经济的发展，减少环境污染等方面都具有重要的意义。尽管目前我国无水港规划和建设发展迅速，但是相关部门和人员对无水港概念和内涵的理解参差不齐，一些地区存在着盲目规划和建设的情况，针对无水港选址和布局基本理论和方法研究并不充分，缺乏对实践规划和经营的指导依据。论文基于无水港物流系统分析，对无水港选址和内部功能区布局方法进行了系统深入的研究。研究成果对无水港发展与规划具有参考作用。论文完成的主要工作包括：
将无水港物定义为在内陆地区建立的具有报关、报检、签发提单等港口服务功能的物流中心，且具有配送、库存管理、信息管理、简单加工等增值服务功能，发挥第四方物流平台的作用，它和海港之间有高运能的运输方式，包含铁路运输和公路运输、内河运输。详细介绍了无水港系统中管理者与使用方推动无水港建设的动机，并分别分析了无水港物流系统的集散与运输功能、物流增值服务功能、服务腹地经济功能。
以充分发挥无水港物流系统功能为目标，设计了无水港选址评价指标体系。以运输效率、成本费用、经济社会指标、环境指标与产业链指标等函数来表征无水港的综合效益，以成本、客户满意度、环境效益、经济社会指标和产业链聚集度等为目标函数，建立了无水港选址的多目标优化模型，并基于遗传算法研究了多目标优化模型的求解方法，讨论了编码、选择算子、交叉算子和变异算子等进化多目标优化的实现技术。从无水港建设主导方以及无水港与母港的距离两个维度，将无水港进行分类，以充分发挥无水港作为物流中心的增值服务功能为目标，提出了无水港功能布局规划的目的和原则，明确了无水港建设规模的确定方法以及各类无水港的主要功能分区构成，给出了无水港功能分区布局方法和流程。
选取北部湾港口群腹地区域作为研究对象，基于本文提出的多目标优化选址模型和功能布局规划方法进行了实证分析。
论文创新点主要体现在以下几个方面：
（1）综合地区政策、地区经济发展水平、产业链发展水平、交通运输条件等影响因素，建立了无水港选址评价指标体系；
（2）以无水港综合效益最优为目标，考虑吞吐能力、运输能力、客户容忍时间等约束条件，建立了无水港选址多目标优化模型；
（3）从无水港建设主导方以及无水港与母港的距离两个维度将无水港分类，给出了各类型无水港内部主要功能区构成及布局形式。
With the development of global economic integration, the international shipping fieldsexperienced the containerization and the integration of shipping and port, and the inlandtransport experienced the development of containerization and multimodal transport.Vertical integration of shipping enterprises, ports, and supply chain participants in theharbor hinterland has been the tendency in the modern port management, and dry port hasbeen the main component in the global logistics system as the way extending the portfunction to the hinterland. Dry port is the key point of the global logistics system as theextension of the ports and it has the function on connecting the regional economy andglobal supply chain. The inland enterprises promote the development of dry port activelyfor enjoying the coastal port convenient service and meeting the development of inlandexport-oriented economy. Dry port is not only the window of reform and opening but alsothe front base of development for inland area.
The location selection and layout of dry port plays important roles on reducinglogistics cost, improving logistics efficiency, strengthening the port competitiveness,promoting the regional economic development, and reducing environment pollution.Although the planning and construction of the dry ports are developping fast, relevantdepartments and personnel have different ideas on the concept and connotation of dry port,aimless planning and construction exist in some regions, basic theory and methods researchof dry port sites selection and layout are not sufficient, and guidance to direct planningpractice and operation are insufficient. This paper deeply analyzed the dry port logisticssystem, systematically proposed and completed the methods of dry port location selectionand internal function area layout planning, which will be helpful for dry port planning anddevelopment.
The main content in this paper includes:
Dry port is defined as logistics center with port services such as customs clearance,inspection, and bill of lading issue, associated with value-adding service functions such asdistribution, inventory management, information management, simple processing, and playthe role of the fourth part logistics platform. There are high capacity transportation corridorconnected dry port and seaport such as railway transportation, highway transportation, andinland water transportation. The paper gives a detailed account of the motivation promotingdry port development from the way between the managers and operators, and analyzes thedry port logistics system function on distributing and transportation, increasing logisticsvalue and servicing inland economy.
On the basis mentioned above, so as to make full use of dry port logistics systematicfunction, this paper creates evaluation index system of the dry port location selection,which can testify the dry port comprehensive benefits, symbolized by the transportefficiency, costs and fees, economic social index, environment index and industrial chainindex, etc. as functions. With costs, clients’ satisfaction, environmental benefits, economicsocial index and industrial aggregation level, etc. as the target functions, this paperestablishes the multi-objective optimization model of dry port location selection, based ongenetic algorithm, studies the approach of multi-objective optimization model solution,discusses the implementation technology of multi-objective optimization of the encode,operator selection, cross-over operator and mutation operator, etc. In order to make full useof the value-adding features of dry port, this paper puts forward to the objective andprinciple of future planning of dry port’s function configuration, the method of determiningthe scale of dry port development and main functional layout of dry port, and the approachand process of dry port functional layout.
By picking up the hinterland region of the Northern Gulf port as a study object, basedon the multi-objective optimization model of dry port location selection and the method offunction configuration planning, this paper does its empirical analysis.
The innovations of this paper mainly lie in the following parts:
(1) By adopting the approach of systematic theory, this paper analyzes the dry portlogistics system, manifests the definition of dry port, analyzes the motivation of dry portdevelopment, and analyzes the structures and functions of dry port logistic systemprofoundly.
(2) After comprehensive concern about the motivation of dry port planners, and aswell as the users’ promotion of dry port development, in order to make full use of functionsof dry port logistic system, this paper establishes the evaluation index system and themulti-objective optimization model of dry port location selection, and then based ongenetic algorithm, studies the approach of model solution.
(3) The dry ports were classified from two dimensions: distance and leading builders,and further detailed analysis of the various types of dry port layout characteristics.
引文
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