基于用户平衡原理的集装箱班轮航线优化模型
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摘要
航线优化是集装箱班轮航线运营管理的关键问题。它决定了班轮运输企业能否在激烈的市场竞争环境下占得先机。近年来,随着海运与陆运集装箱运输业的不断发展,全球集装箱运输市场也逐渐划分为两类相对独立的集装箱班轮运输市场：水路运输主导型运输市场(简称主导型市场)与陆水竞争型运输市场(简称非主导型市场)。针对这两类运输市场的集装箱班轮航线优化问题也呈现出截然不同的特点。例如,在探讨针对主导型市场的航线优化问题时,航线结构、空重箱调运优化以及航线与港口互动关系等因素的影响必须得到充分的考虑；而在研究针对非主导型市场的航线优化问题时,则不能忽略政府、航线经营人以及托运人的三方互动关系因素对优化结果的影响。那么如何针对不同的特点,设计出具有针对性的集装箱班轮航线优化模型,便是本文的研究目标。具体而言,本文主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1)提出了基于混合航线结构的集装箱班轮航线设计与空重运输方案综合优化模型,该模型以航线收益最大为目标,可同时优化干线靠泊港选择、干线港靠泊顺序、支线港选择以及各港间空重箱运量。另外为求解该模型,开发了一种改进的遗传算法。
2)深入的分析了班轮航线与港口货运需求之间的相互联系,基于该机制和离散选择理论,提出了一种考虑了这种互动关系的集装箱班轮航线和腹地划分模型。该模型不仅可优化计算出合理的班轮航线方案与最佳的空重箱运输计划,定量的计算出港口腹地货流的分布状况,还可被用来分析航线方案与港口货运需求间的互动演变规律。
3)提出了一种针对海上班轮运输网络的用户平衡交通流分配方法。基于时空网络变化以及特殊的路径阻抗函数结构,该方法解决了用户平衡理论无法处理海上班轮运输网络交通流分配的难题,一方面这种方法允许我们在处理交通流分配问题时,充分的考虑海上运输网络的若干独特特性,另一方面它又允许我们使用经典的方法计算出交通流分布模式。
4)提出一种考虑政府补贴、碳排放控制以及货主运输方式选择等因素,基于航线运营者、货主和政府三方博弈关系的集装箱班轮航线优化模型。该模型在优化航线配船与航线方案的同时,还可定量的计算出政府应投入的补贴额度。另外为求解该模型,开发了一种基于遗传算法和Frank-Wolf算法的混合启发式算法。
The liner route optimization is of crucial importance when operating container liner route. It determines whether the container transport companies can be highly competitive in fierce market competition. In recent years, with the rapid development of sea and land container transport industry, the global container transport market is gradually divided into two relatively independent container liner transport market: Water transport dominated transport market (Dominate market) and the water-land competition transport market (Non-dominate market). The characteristics of the container liner routing problem of these two sorts of markets are different. For instance, when optimizing the liner optimization problem of dominate market, some important factors like route structures, heavy/empty container allocations and interaction between route and port should be fully considered; however, when studying the liner optimization problem of non-dominate market, the interactive relationship between government, route operaters and shippers cannot be ignored. Therefore, how to design a pertinent container liner route optimization model according to different characteristics is our objective. Specifically, in his thesis we completed the following jobs:
1) Based on the combined route structure, a comprehensive optimization model for ship routing of the dominate market and empty/full transporting problem is brought up. With the objective to maximize the route's revenue, that model could simultaneously optimize the selection of calling ports, calling sequence, feeder port selection and empty/full transport plans. Besides, to solve this model, an improved genetic algorithm is developed.
2) The interaction relationship between the liner route and port cargo demand is analyzed thoroughly. Based on this mechanism and the discrete choice theory, a model considering this interaction relationship of container liner route and the division of hinterland is introduced. This model can not only optimization the shipping route and empty/full transport plans, but also analysis the interactive evolution procress of a shipping route and ports'transport demand.
3) This paper proposed a user equilibrium traffic assignment method for container liner shipping networks. With the help of a time-space transformation method and a seires of special impedance functions, the method could solve the problem of the traffic assignment for the liner shipping network. The adventages of this method is to allow several unique characters of the maritime transport network to be taken into full consideration.
4) By considering the government subsidy, the carbon emission control, the shippers'choice of transport modes and other factors, the problem of container liner shipping route design problem of the non-dominate market was studied. An optimal model was developed based on the tripartite game relations among the carriers, the shippers and the government. By means of the User Equilibrium Principle, the model could not only optimize the fleet deployment and the ship routing simultaneously, but also work out the reasonable amount of the government subsidy. To solve this model, a genetic algorithm based on the space-time transformation and the frank-wolf algorithm was developed.
1)提出了基于混合航线结构的集装箱班轮航线设计与空重运输方案综合优化模型,该模型以航线收益最大为目标,可同时优化干线靠泊港选择、干线港靠泊顺序、支线港选择以及各港间空重箱运量。另外为求解该模型,开发了一种改进的遗传算法。
2)深入的分析了班轮航线与港口货运需求之间的相互联系,基于该机制和离散选择理论,提出了一种考虑了这种互动关系的集装箱班轮航线和腹地划分模型。该模型不仅可优化计算出合理的班轮航线方案与最佳的空重箱运输计划,定量的计算出港口腹地货流的分布状况,还可被用来分析航线方案与港口货运需求间的互动演变规律。
3)提出了一种针对海上班轮运输网络的用户平衡交通流分配方法。基于时空网络变化以及特殊的路径阻抗函数结构,该方法解决了用户平衡理论无法处理海上班轮运输网络交通流分配的难题,一方面这种方法允许我们在处理交通流分配问题时,充分的考虑海上运输网络的若干独特特性,另一方面它又允许我们使用经典的方法计算出交通流分布模式。
4)提出一种考虑政府补贴、碳排放控制以及货主运输方式选择等因素,基于航线运营者、货主和政府三方博弈关系的集装箱班轮航线优化模型。该模型在优化航线配船与航线方案的同时,还可定量的计算出政府应投入的补贴额度。另外为求解该模型,开发了一种基于遗传算法和Frank-Wolf算法的混合启发式算法。
The liner route optimization is of crucial importance when operating container liner route. It determines whether the container transport companies can be highly competitive in fierce market competition. In recent years, with the rapid development of sea and land container transport industry, the global container transport market is gradually divided into two relatively independent container liner transport market: Water transport dominated transport market (Dominate market) and the water-land competition transport market (Non-dominate market). The characteristics of the container liner routing problem of these two sorts of markets are different. For instance, when optimizing the liner optimization problem of dominate market, some important factors like route structures, heavy/empty container allocations and interaction between route and port should be fully considered; however, when studying the liner optimization problem of non-dominate market, the interactive relationship between government, route operaters and shippers cannot be ignored. Therefore, how to design a pertinent container liner route optimization model according to different characteristics is our objective. Specifically, in his thesis we completed the following jobs:
1) Based on the combined route structure, a comprehensive optimization model for ship routing of the dominate market and empty/full transporting problem is brought up. With the objective to maximize the route's revenue, that model could simultaneously optimize the selection of calling ports, calling sequence, feeder port selection and empty/full transport plans. Besides, to solve this model, an improved genetic algorithm is developed.
2) The interaction relationship between the liner route and port cargo demand is analyzed thoroughly. Based on this mechanism and the discrete choice theory, a model considering this interaction relationship of container liner route and the division of hinterland is introduced. This model can not only optimization the shipping route and empty/full transport plans, but also analysis the interactive evolution procress of a shipping route and ports'transport demand.
3) This paper proposed a user equilibrium traffic assignment method for container liner shipping networks. With the help of a time-space transformation method and a seires of special impedance functions, the method could solve the problem of the traffic assignment for the liner shipping network. The adventages of this method is to allow several unique characters of the maritime transport network to be taken into full consideration.
4) By considering the government subsidy, the carbon emission control, the shippers'choice of transport modes and other factors, the problem of container liner shipping route design problem of the non-dominate market was studied. An optimal model was developed based on the tripartite game relations among the carriers, the shippers and the government. By means of the User Equilibrium Principle, the model could not only optimize the fleet deployment and the ship routing simultaneously, but also work out the reasonable amount of the government subsidy. To solve this model, a genetic algorithm based on the space-time transformation and the frank-wolf algorithm was developed.
引文
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