船用低速智能柴油机工作过程建模与仿真研究
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摘要
智能柴油机在商船上得到越来越广泛的应用,建立能准确反映智能柴油机动力装置稳态和瞬态性能的数学模型对动力装置的控制、仿真和性能分析都有着重要意义。
本文以Wartsila 7RT-flex60C型柴油机作为建模仿真对象,开展了如下研究：
(1)对现有容积法模型进行改进,使工作过程划分随工况变化而引起的喷油正时、排气正时变化而动态变化,建立智能柴油机工作过程动态数学模型。根据工作过程动态数学模型,利用Matlab/simulink仿真软件建立工作过程动态仿真模型。动态数学模型的仿真结果与台架试验数据吻合良好,仿真示功图与实测示功图基本重合,动态变化过程符合实际情况,计算速度满足实时仿真的要求。
(2)对Wartsila 7RT-flex60C电控柴油机燃油共轨系统分析,建立数学模型。利用Matlab/simulink仿真软件建立燃油共轨系统仿真模型,分析改变燃油轨压力、喷油正时、共轨阀结构参数以及伺服油轨控制阀结构参数对柴油机燃油喷射过程的影响；与智能柴油机工作过程仿真模型进行联合仿真。通过联合仿真得到了典型工况下燃油共轨系统燃油轨压力曲线和喷嘴腔压力曲线,反应了不同工况下轨压波动情况、喷油定时以及喷油时长,并通过仿真计算得到燃油轨工作压力、喷油量和共轨管容积对轨压力波动的影响。仿真结果表明,所建燃油共轨系统数学模型较为准确,动态变化过程符合实际情况。
(3)将Web3D技术(VRML技术、JAVA技术、动画脚本语言、媒体技术)应用于船用智能柴油机视景仿真,建立了智能柴油机的整体结构及气缸内部结构三维视景模型。以C++语言为工具,开发接口和通信程序,实现了柴油机视景仿真模型与工作过程仿真模型、共轨系统仿真模型的动态交互。该研究为开发网上发布、实时交互的智能柴油机虚拟训练系统奠定了坚实基础。
柴油机建模与仿真是船舶动力装置研究的一个重要方面,文中利用改进的容积法模型建立了7RT-flex60C型柴油机工作过程数学模型、燃油共轨系统数学模型,并利用Matlab/simulink仿真软件建立了工作过程和共轨系统仿真模型,以及基于Web3D技术的视景仿真模型,并实现了视景仿真模型与工作过程、共轨系统仿真模型的动态交互。这为新一代智能柴油机轮机模拟器研制奠定了良好基础。
Intelligent diesel engine is more and more widely used in merchant ship. It is of great significance to establish mathematical models, which can accurately reflect the steady state and transient performance of intelligent diesel engine unit so that it can be used for its control, simulation and performance analysis.
In this thesis, a 7RT-flex60C diesel engine is used as the modeling and simulation object. Main contributions of this thesis are listed as follows:
1) The existing volume-method's mathematical model of diesel engine is revised so that the diesel engine working process division can be dynamically changed in terms of the change of operating condition. Therefore, a dynamic mathematical model of intelligent diesel engine is established. According to the working process dynamic mathematical model of intelligence diesel engine, a dynamic simulation model via Matlab/Simulink is established. It is shown that the simulation result is in good agreement with the stand test data, and the simulation indicating diagram is basically coincident with the measured one. It is also indicated that the dynamic process meets with the actual situation and calculation speed also meets with the requirements of real-time simulation.
2) Based on the analysis of fuel common rail system in Wartsila 7RT-flex60C marine electronic-control diesel engine, the system's mathematical model is established. Matlab/Simulink is employed to establish its simulation model. From the model, fuel injecting process influence is analyzed at the condition of changing fuel common rail pressure, injection timing, common rail valve and servo oil rail control valve's structure parameters. The co-simulation is conducted to intelligent diesel engine working process simulation. Rail pressure curve and nozzle cavity pressure curve of fuel common rail system in a typical operating are obtained via co-simulation. These curves represent the fluctuations of common rail pressure, fuel injection timing and injection duration at different working conditions. The influence of fuel common rail pressure's fluctuations from fuel common rail pressure, injection quantity and the volume of the common rail is also attained. Simulation results show that the established fuel common rail system mathematical model is accurate and the simulation dynamic process meets with the actual situation.
3) Web3D techniques including VRML, JAVA technology, animation & scripting language, media technology are applied in marine intelligent diesel engine's visual simulation, then three-dimensional visual model of overall structure and the cylinder internal structure of this kind of diesel engine is set up. Interface and communication programmes are developed using C++, then dynamic interactive process is completed among diesel engine visual simulation model, the work process simulation model and the common rail system simulation model. This study serves as a solid foundation for development of the online real-time interactive intelligent diesel engine virtual training system.
Diesel engine modeling and simulation is an important aspect for ship power plant. In this thesis, the 7RT-flex60C diesel engine working process mathematical model and fuel common rail system mathematical model are established using improved volumetric method. By meaning of Matlab/Simulink, the simulation models which are mentioned above are constructed and visual simulation model based on Web3D technique is also set up, then dynamic interaction is achieved among visual simulation model, the working process and the fuel oil common rail system simulation model. All of the work in this thesis serves as a good foundation for development of a novel intelligent diesel engine simulator.
本文以Wartsila 7RT-flex60C型柴油机作为建模仿真对象,开展了如下研究：
(1)对现有容积法模型进行改进,使工作过程划分随工况变化而引起的喷油正时、排气正时变化而动态变化,建立智能柴油机工作过程动态数学模型。根据工作过程动态数学模型,利用Matlab/simulink仿真软件建立工作过程动态仿真模型。动态数学模型的仿真结果与台架试验数据吻合良好,仿真示功图与实测示功图基本重合,动态变化过程符合实际情况,计算速度满足实时仿真的要求。
(2)对Wartsila 7RT-flex60C电控柴油机燃油共轨系统分析,建立数学模型。利用Matlab/simulink仿真软件建立燃油共轨系统仿真模型,分析改变燃油轨压力、喷油正时、共轨阀结构参数以及伺服油轨控制阀结构参数对柴油机燃油喷射过程的影响；与智能柴油机工作过程仿真模型进行联合仿真。通过联合仿真得到了典型工况下燃油共轨系统燃油轨压力曲线和喷嘴腔压力曲线,反应了不同工况下轨压波动情况、喷油定时以及喷油时长,并通过仿真计算得到燃油轨工作压力、喷油量和共轨管容积对轨压力波动的影响。仿真结果表明,所建燃油共轨系统数学模型较为准确,动态变化过程符合实际情况。
(3)将Web3D技术(VRML技术、JAVA技术、动画脚本语言、媒体技术)应用于船用智能柴油机视景仿真,建立了智能柴油机的整体结构及气缸内部结构三维视景模型。以C++语言为工具,开发接口和通信程序,实现了柴油机视景仿真模型与工作过程仿真模型、共轨系统仿真模型的动态交互。该研究为开发网上发布、实时交互的智能柴油机虚拟训练系统奠定了坚实基础。
柴油机建模与仿真是船舶动力装置研究的一个重要方面,文中利用改进的容积法模型建立了7RT-flex60C型柴油机工作过程数学模型、燃油共轨系统数学模型,并利用Matlab/simulink仿真软件建立了工作过程和共轨系统仿真模型,以及基于Web3D技术的视景仿真模型,并实现了视景仿真模型与工作过程、共轨系统仿真模型的动态交互。这为新一代智能柴油机轮机模拟器研制奠定了良好基础。
Intelligent diesel engine is more and more widely used in merchant ship. It is of great significance to establish mathematical models, which can accurately reflect the steady state and transient performance of intelligent diesel engine unit so that it can be used for its control, simulation and performance analysis.
In this thesis, a 7RT-flex60C diesel engine is used as the modeling and simulation object. Main contributions of this thesis are listed as follows:
1) The existing volume-method's mathematical model of diesel engine is revised so that the diesel engine working process division can be dynamically changed in terms of the change of operating condition. Therefore, a dynamic mathematical model of intelligent diesel engine is established. According to the working process dynamic mathematical model of intelligence diesel engine, a dynamic simulation model via Matlab/Simulink is established. It is shown that the simulation result is in good agreement with the stand test data, and the simulation indicating diagram is basically coincident with the measured one. It is also indicated that the dynamic process meets with the actual situation and calculation speed also meets with the requirements of real-time simulation.
2) Based on the analysis of fuel common rail system in Wartsila 7RT-flex60C marine electronic-control diesel engine, the system's mathematical model is established. Matlab/Simulink is employed to establish its simulation model. From the model, fuel injecting process influence is analyzed at the condition of changing fuel common rail pressure, injection timing, common rail valve and servo oil rail control valve's structure parameters. The co-simulation is conducted to intelligent diesel engine working process simulation. Rail pressure curve and nozzle cavity pressure curve of fuel common rail system in a typical operating are obtained via co-simulation. These curves represent the fluctuations of common rail pressure, fuel injection timing and injection duration at different working conditions. The influence of fuel common rail pressure's fluctuations from fuel common rail pressure, injection quantity and the volume of the common rail is also attained. Simulation results show that the established fuel common rail system mathematical model is accurate and the simulation dynamic process meets with the actual situation.
3) Web3D techniques including VRML, JAVA technology, animation & scripting language, media technology are applied in marine intelligent diesel engine's visual simulation, then three-dimensional visual model of overall structure and the cylinder internal structure of this kind of diesel engine is set up. Interface and communication programmes are developed using C++, then dynamic interactive process is completed among diesel engine visual simulation model, the work process simulation model and the common rail system simulation model. This study serves as a solid foundation for development of the online real-time interactive intelligent diesel engine virtual training system.
Diesel engine modeling and simulation is an important aspect for ship power plant. In this thesis, the 7RT-flex60C diesel engine working process mathematical model and fuel common rail system mathematical model are established using improved volumetric method. By meaning of Matlab/Simulink, the simulation models which are mentioned above are constructed and visual simulation model based on Web3D technique is also set up, then dynamic interaction is achieved among visual simulation model, the working process and the fuel oil common rail system simulation model. All of the work in this thesis serves as a good foundation for development of a novel intelligent diesel engine simulator.
引文
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