配电网快速可靠性评估及重构方法研究
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摘要
配电网是连接输电网和用户的桥梁,其运行状态直接关系到用户的用电质量和供电企业的经济效益。配电网的可靠性评估是电网可靠运行的重要保障,配电网的最优重构是确保电网安全经济运行的基础。近年来分布式电源的迅速发展和在配电网中的大量接入,使配电网在结构和运行上出现了许多新问题。利用常规理论和方法来分析这种新型配电网的可靠性和经济运行问题时,不可避免地出现许多局限性。研究含分布式电源的新型配电网的快速可靠性评估和重构方法,具有重要的理论和工程实际意义。
本文结合含分布式电源的新型配电网与传统配电网的差异,探讨了适用任意结构配电网的快速、准确可靠性评估方法和重构方法。
提出一种基于故障传递特性的配电网可靠性快速评估方法。该算法将配电网分成连接主电源至备用电源的主网络和余下的支网络。先通过元件可靠性指标的逆流传递求支网络各结点的逆流可靠性指标,并用接于主网络各支结点的等效元件替代相应的支网络。再用故障模式影响分析法计算主网络各结点的可靠性指标和支结点的顺流可靠性指标。然后,通过片可靠性指标的顺流归并求支网络各结点的顺流可靠性指标。综合逆流和顺流可靠性指标即得支网络各结点的可靠性指标。该算法不仅具有故障模式影响分析法的准确度,而且计算速度比已有方法快得多。
提出一种考虑风电能量随机性的配电网可靠性评估新网络模型和快速算法。新网络模型中配电网简化成开关-区域块网络,并分成主网络和支网络两个部分。通过对风电功率的概率特性和支网络故障特性的分析,构造了风电的供电能力范围,并确定了风电对供电能力范围内的供电次序和供电概率,实现风电随机出力与其供电能力范围内供电可靠性的映射。新的可靠性评估算法区别对待主网络和支网络,利用故障模式影响分析法计算主网络的可靠性指标,利用元件对可靠性指标的逆流和顺流传递特性计算支网络的可靠性指标,并在可靠性指标的顺流传递中考虑风电对其供电能力范围的可靠性的定量影响。
提出配电网重构的最小可行分析对象及其快速分析算法。首先,基于网络简化给出了“元环”的概念,并结合配电网节点阻抗矩阵元素的特点和负荷与支路有功损耗的定量关系,证明了元环为配电网重构的最小可行分析对象。在此基础上,构造了反映负荷在元环路径上引起有功损耗大小的负荷耗散分量和路径耗散因子,并通过分析路径耗散因子的性质给出了一种新的支路交换启发式规则,继而提出了一种改进的支路交换算法。算例分析表明,该方法速度快且可靠。
提出含风电的配电网重构的场景模型。该模型基于场景分析法并通过场景选择和场景电压来描述风电的随机出力及其影响,新模型能适应多风电和多网电场同时接入系统的情况。提出一种适用含风电的配电网重构场景模型的高效遗传算法。通过无不可行码的编码规则、初始种群产生、交叉操作和优生操作,使进化中只产生切合配电网实际的可行解。新算法在进化过程中基于场景电压进行物理寻优大大减少了寻优时间和对初始种群的依赖,并在多场景潮流计算中,利用场景功率的相似性确定场景的分析次序,按该次序进行潮流计算能加速潮流收敛。
提出一种考虑可靠性的配电网重构快速方法。首先确定表征系统可靠性的主要可靠性指标,并将这些指标进行归一化处理。提出考虑系统可靠性的配电网重构模型,将系统有功网损、平均供电可用率指标和系统供电量不足指标作为目标函数,构造了新的多目标模型。最后提出求解该多目标模型的快速算法。该算法通过在重构的后期才进行可靠性评估来加速计算。算例分析表明,该方法能够实现经济性、可靠性、计算快速性的统一。
针对含分布式电源的新型配电网和传统配电网,设计开发了一套运用所提方法实现快速可靠性评估及重构优化的软件系统。
Distribution system is the bridge linking the transmission system and consumers. So its operation state directly relates to the power quality and economic benefits of power supply enterprises. Distribution system reliability evaluation is an important guarantee to system reliable operation, and its reconfiguration is the basis of system economic operation. Recently, the increasing connection of distributed generations to distribution systems has brought in many new issues about reconfiguration and operation. It generates inevitabley limitations for the conventional methods for reliability evaluation and reconfiguration. Therefore, the research of methods for reliability evaluation and network reconfiguration of distribution systems with distributed generations is of great importance in both theory and engineering.
Based on the analysis of differences between the conventional distribution networks and the present ones with distributed generations, fast and accurate methods for reliability evaluation and reconfiguration of distribution networks with arbitrary configurations are studied in this thesis.
A fast evaluating method based on fault delivering features of distribution system reliability is proposed. In this method, the distribution system is divided into main and branch networks. At first, the up-stream reliability indices of each point in branch networks are determined by up-stream delivering of each comoponent's reliability indices. Each branch network is replaced by an equivalent component in the main network. Then the failure-mode-effect-analysis (FMEA) method is employed to calculate the reliability indices of each point in the main-network, and the down-stream reliability indices of each point in the branch-network. Then the down-stream reliability indices of each point are determined by down-stream merging of reliability indices of the up-stream-network. Synthesizing the up-and down-stream reliability indices yielded the reliability indices of each point in branch-neworks. The proposed method takes into account the difference in operation time of breakers and section switches. It is not only as accurate as the FMEA method, but faster than the existing algorithms. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed novel algorithm.
A novel network model and fast algorithm for distribution system reliability evaluation are presented, which considers the random energy output of wind power generators (WPGs). The novel model first simplifies the distribution network to a Switch-Section network, and then divided it into two kinds of parts named as the main- and branch-networks. After analyzing the energy output feature of WPGs and the fault characteristics in branch-networks, the supply area of WPGs is built. Then the order and probability of power supply to the supply area of WPGs are determined, which successfully implemented the mapping from the random output of WPGs to the reliability index of the power supply. The fast reliability evaluation alogrithm calculates the reliability indices of the main-network using the FMEA method, and those of branch-networks using the properties of elements in up-and down-stream reliability delivering. Meanwhile, the impact of WPGs on its supply area is counted in computing the downstream reliability indices. Simulation results verfied the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The minimum feasible analysis unit and fast algorithm for distribution network reconfiguration are presented. Firstly, the conception of basic loop was presented based on network simplification. And then, by combining the characteristics of the nodal impedance matrix of the radial distribution network and the quantitative relationship between load and branch power loss, we verified that the basic loop was just the minimum feasible analysis unit of the physical reconfiguration optimization. Based on this conclusion, load dissipation component and path dissipation factor were constructed to reflect the power loss in a basic loop, and then a novel heuristic rules and an improved branch-exchange method were formed by analysis the properties of the path dissipation factor. In this improved method, the processing sequence of all the basic loops was firstly defined by the load dissipation component of the disconnecting switch in each basic loop, and then the alternative disconnecting branch was determined in the processing basic loop based on the new heuristic rules which can help to get a better solution, optimal reconfiguration scheme was simply obtained by repeating the above operation until there is no branch need to exchange. Test results of IEEE 69 buses system show that the proposed method produces the optimal reconfiguration scheme quickly and reliably, and can be applied to complex distribution network reconfiguration.
A novel scenario distribution network reconfiguration model is presented. In this model, the scenario analysis method is applied to describe the random output of the WPG and its influence through the scenario selection and scenario voltage. Multiple WPGs and wind farms connected with a network is also considered in this model. And then, an efficient genetic algorithm is presented for solving the scenario distribution network reconfiguration model. Using the no unfeasible coding rule in the initial population strategy, cross strategy and eugenic strategy, individuals in the evolution are always formed feasible solutions which are satisfied the actual distribution network. Physical optimization based on scenario voltage in the process of evolution reduces the optimization time and the dependence of the initial population. The simulation results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm.
A fast algorithm for distribution network reconfiguration considering system realibility is presented. Firstly, the realibility indices to express the system realibility are confirmed and normalized. And then, a novel reconfiguration model considering system realibility is presented. In this model, power loss, average service availability index and energy not supplied index are included in the objective functions. A judgment matrix approach is employed to convert multiple objectives to one objective, and a fast algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. In this algorithm, realibility indices are not computed in the earlier reconfiguration stage, it is computed only in the the later reconfiguration stage. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed novel algorithm.
A software package has been designed and developed based on the above proposed methods. It is fast in reliability evalution and reconfiguration of distribution systems. The software is applicable to both conventional distribution systems and the ones with distribuited generations.
本文结合含分布式电源的新型配电网与传统配电网的差异,探讨了适用任意结构配电网的快速、准确可靠性评估方法和重构方法。
提出一种基于故障传递特性的配电网可靠性快速评估方法。该算法将配电网分成连接主电源至备用电源的主网络和余下的支网络。先通过元件可靠性指标的逆流传递求支网络各结点的逆流可靠性指标,并用接于主网络各支结点的等效元件替代相应的支网络。再用故障模式影响分析法计算主网络各结点的可靠性指标和支结点的顺流可靠性指标。然后,通过片可靠性指标的顺流归并求支网络各结点的顺流可靠性指标。综合逆流和顺流可靠性指标即得支网络各结点的可靠性指标。该算法不仅具有故障模式影响分析法的准确度,而且计算速度比已有方法快得多。
提出一种考虑风电能量随机性的配电网可靠性评估新网络模型和快速算法。新网络模型中配电网简化成开关-区域块网络,并分成主网络和支网络两个部分。通过对风电功率的概率特性和支网络故障特性的分析,构造了风电的供电能力范围,并确定了风电对供电能力范围内的供电次序和供电概率,实现风电随机出力与其供电能力范围内供电可靠性的映射。新的可靠性评估算法区别对待主网络和支网络,利用故障模式影响分析法计算主网络的可靠性指标,利用元件对可靠性指标的逆流和顺流传递特性计算支网络的可靠性指标,并在可靠性指标的顺流传递中考虑风电对其供电能力范围的可靠性的定量影响。
提出配电网重构的最小可行分析对象及其快速分析算法。首先,基于网络简化给出了“元环”的概念,并结合配电网节点阻抗矩阵元素的特点和负荷与支路有功损耗的定量关系,证明了元环为配电网重构的最小可行分析对象。在此基础上,构造了反映负荷在元环路径上引起有功损耗大小的负荷耗散分量和路径耗散因子,并通过分析路径耗散因子的性质给出了一种新的支路交换启发式规则,继而提出了一种改进的支路交换算法。算例分析表明,该方法速度快且可靠。
提出含风电的配电网重构的场景模型。该模型基于场景分析法并通过场景选择和场景电压来描述风电的随机出力及其影响,新模型能适应多风电和多网电场同时接入系统的情况。提出一种适用含风电的配电网重构场景模型的高效遗传算法。通过无不可行码的编码规则、初始种群产生、交叉操作和优生操作,使进化中只产生切合配电网实际的可行解。新算法在进化过程中基于场景电压进行物理寻优大大减少了寻优时间和对初始种群的依赖,并在多场景潮流计算中,利用场景功率的相似性确定场景的分析次序,按该次序进行潮流计算能加速潮流收敛。
提出一种考虑可靠性的配电网重构快速方法。首先确定表征系统可靠性的主要可靠性指标,并将这些指标进行归一化处理。提出考虑系统可靠性的配电网重构模型,将系统有功网损、平均供电可用率指标和系统供电量不足指标作为目标函数,构造了新的多目标模型。最后提出求解该多目标模型的快速算法。该算法通过在重构的后期才进行可靠性评估来加速计算。算例分析表明,该方法能够实现经济性、可靠性、计算快速性的统一。
针对含分布式电源的新型配电网和传统配电网,设计开发了一套运用所提方法实现快速可靠性评估及重构优化的软件系统。
Distribution system is the bridge linking the transmission system and consumers. So its operation state directly relates to the power quality and economic benefits of power supply enterprises. Distribution system reliability evaluation is an important guarantee to system reliable operation, and its reconfiguration is the basis of system economic operation. Recently, the increasing connection of distributed generations to distribution systems has brought in many new issues about reconfiguration and operation. It generates inevitabley limitations for the conventional methods for reliability evaluation and reconfiguration. Therefore, the research of methods for reliability evaluation and network reconfiguration of distribution systems with distributed generations is of great importance in both theory and engineering.
Based on the analysis of differences between the conventional distribution networks and the present ones with distributed generations, fast and accurate methods for reliability evaluation and reconfiguration of distribution networks with arbitrary configurations are studied in this thesis.
A fast evaluating method based on fault delivering features of distribution system reliability is proposed. In this method, the distribution system is divided into main and branch networks. At first, the up-stream reliability indices of each point in branch networks are determined by up-stream delivering of each comoponent's reliability indices. Each branch network is replaced by an equivalent component in the main network. Then the failure-mode-effect-analysis (FMEA) method is employed to calculate the reliability indices of each point in the main-network, and the down-stream reliability indices of each point in the branch-network. Then the down-stream reliability indices of each point are determined by down-stream merging of reliability indices of the up-stream-network. Synthesizing the up-and down-stream reliability indices yielded the reliability indices of each point in branch-neworks. The proposed method takes into account the difference in operation time of breakers and section switches. It is not only as accurate as the FMEA method, but faster than the existing algorithms. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed novel algorithm.
A novel network model and fast algorithm for distribution system reliability evaluation are presented, which considers the random energy output of wind power generators (WPGs). The novel model first simplifies the distribution network to a Switch-Section network, and then divided it into two kinds of parts named as the main- and branch-networks. After analyzing the energy output feature of WPGs and the fault characteristics in branch-networks, the supply area of WPGs is built. Then the order and probability of power supply to the supply area of WPGs are determined, which successfully implemented the mapping from the random output of WPGs to the reliability index of the power supply. The fast reliability evaluation alogrithm calculates the reliability indices of the main-network using the FMEA method, and those of branch-networks using the properties of elements in up-and down-stream reliability delivering. Meanwhile, the impact of WPGs on its supply area is counted in computing the downstream reliability indices. Simulation results verfied the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The minimum feasible analysis unit and fast algorithm for distribution network reconfiguration are presented. Firstly, the conception of basic loop was presented based on network simplification. And then, by combining the characteristics of the nodal impedance matrix of the radial distribution network and the quantitative relationship between load and branch power loss, we verified that the basic loop was just the minimum feasible analysis unit of the physical reconfiguration optimization. Based on this conclusion, load dissipation component and path dissipation factor were constructed to reflect the power loss in a basic loop, and then a novel heuristic rules and an improved branch-exchange method were formed by analysis the properties of the path dissipation factor. In this improved method, the processing sequence of all the basic loops was firstly defined by the load dissipation component of the disconnecting switch in each basic loop, and then the alternative disconnecting branch was determined in the processing basic loop based on the new heuristic rules which can help to get a better solution, optimal reconfiguration scheme was simply obtained by repeating the above operation until there is no branch need to exchange. Test results of IEEE 69 buses system show that the proposed method produces the optimal reconfiguration scheme quickly and reliably, and can be applied to complex distribution network reconfiguration.
A novel scenario distribution network reconfiguration model is presented. In this model, the scenario analysis method is applied to describe the random output of the WPG and its influence through the scenario selection and scenario voltage. Multiple WPGs and wind farms connected with a network is also considered in this model. And then, an efficient genetic algorithm is presented for solving the scenario distribution network reconfiguration model. Using the no unfeasible coding rule in the initial population strategy, cross strategy and eugenic strategy, individuals in the evolution are always formed feasible solutions which are satisfied the actual distribution network. Physical optimization based on scenario voltage in the process of evolution reduces the optimization time and the dependence of the initial population. The simulation results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm.
A fast algorithm for distribution network reconfiguration considering system realibility is presented. Firstly, the realibility indices to express the system realibility are confirmed and normalized. And then, a novel reconfiguration model considering system realibility is presented. In this model, power loss, average service availability index and energy not supplied index are included in the objective functions. A judgment matrix approach is employed to convert multiple objectives to one objective, and a fast algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. In this algorithm, realibility indices are not computed in the earlier reconfiguration stage, it is computed only in the the later reconfiguration stage. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed novel algorithm.
A software package has been designed and developed based on the above proposed methods. It is fast in reliability evalution and reconfiguration of distribution systems. The software is applicable to both conventional distribution systems and the ones with distribuited generations.
引文
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