准噶尔盆地西北缘布龙果尔泥盆系古油藏形成与破坏机制
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摘要
布龙果尔古油藏是新疆北部地区发现的首个泥盆系古油藏，它的发现和研究对于重新认识和评价北疆地区泥盆系的油气地质条件具有十分重要的指导意义。本文在野外考察和实测地层剖面的基础上，利用有机地球化学、流体包裹体、锆石U-Pb年龄测定等分析手段，对布龙果尔地区的地层发育特征、构造变形特征、构造演化过程，布龙果尔古油藏固体沥青的野外产状、有机地球化学特征，古油藏生储盖及其组合特征，古油藏形成时间、形成与破坏过程等进行了详细分析。
通过研究，论文取得6方面的认识和新进展：
1）布龙果尔地区断裂非常发育，其中压扭性断层最为发育并具有规模大，与区域地层走向、褶皱轴线平行展布的特点；扭性断层亦很发育，与压扭性断层配套成生；张性断裂区内不发育。区内的褶皱主要是在海西、燕山及喜马拉雅构造运动时期形成的。研究表明，布龙果尔地区构造演化过程具有明显的阶段性，其中海西、燕山及喜马拉雅期是区内3个最主要的构造演化阶段。
2）古油藏的固体沥青在野外主要以储层沥青、沥青脉的形式产出。其中储层沥青和沥青脉的反射率相差很大，表明它们形成于不同地质时期，但这两种不同类型的沥青均为油藏后期遭受破坏，在氧化、水洗、生物降解作用下形成的非热解成因型沥青。
3）古油藏沥青中可溶有机质以非烃的含量最高，饱和烃、芳烃和沥青质的含量较少；沥青正构烷烃碳数分布以前单高峰型和双峰型为主，规则甾烷分布型式为“V”字型，表明古油藏原生油气为混源型，其主要烃源岩为形成于海相蒸发环境下的碎屑岩。
4）中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组上部碎屑岩为古油藏的主要储集层，呼吉尔斯特组顶部局部区域发生强烈破碎的粗面岩为其次要储层。呼吉尔斯特组角质煤和暗色泥岩为古油藏的主要烃源岩，侏罗系八道湾组湖沼相泥岩是古油藏的次要烃源岩。
5）通过对布龙果尔古油藏形成时间、形成过程分析，建立了古油藏成藏模式。认为古油藏可能存在两期成藏过程。第一期为中侏罗世时，呼吉尔斯特组烃源岩大量生排烃，在呼吉尔斯特组背斜高部位聚集成藏。第二期应该为早白垩世，八道湾组湖沼相泥质烃源岩生成的少量烃类，沿断层运聚到呼吉尔斯特组背斜圈闭内，聚集成藏。
6）自古油藏形成以来，油气便沿破坏通道不断逸失，后期古油藏随谢米斯台山的隆升被抬至地表或近地表遭到完全破坏，形成了大量的储层固体沥青。
Bulonggoer paleo-oil reservoir (BPR) was the first paleo-oil reservoir found inDevonian around the whole northern Xinjiang, China. The discovery and researchabout it will lead us to knowledge and revaluate the geological conditions of thehydrocarbon accumulation of Devonian in north of Xinjiang. Based on field inspectionand measured geological section, Bulonggoer paleo-oil was studied intensively,including the structural features of Bulonggoer Area, the attitudes and geochemistrycharacteristics of solid bitumens, the characteristics of source rocks, reservoirs and coprocks, the time and process of pale-oil formation and destruction, using organicgeochemisty, fluid inclusion and Zircon U-Pb age dating analysis methods.
The research results are as follows:
1) According to unconformities, the Middle Devonian to Neogene formation ofBulongguoer can be divided into six stockwerkes. Faults are very developed inresearch area. Compresso-shear faults are the most developed and they are large inscale and parallel to the regional stratigraphy aligement and folds axial trend. Shearfaults are also very developed assorted with compresso-shear faults. However,extension faults can only be founded in few region. The folds of the Bulongguoermainly format during Hercynian, Yenshan and Himalayan movement epoch.
2) Two different types of solid bitumen occur: reservoir solid bitumen and veinedsolid bitumen remaining in the oil degradation pathway. The reservoir solid bitumensand veined solid bitumens have the different bitumen reflectance, showing that theywere occurred in different time. All solid bitumens of Bulonggoer paleo-oil, formed byoxidation, water washing and other natural processes in low thermal condition, arenon-pyrogenic solid bitumens.
3) The dissolved organic matter of palo-oil reservoir solid bitumen is rich innonhydrocarbon and poor in saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon andasphaltine. The content distribution style of n-alkane mainly includes ante-single-peakand two-peaks. The distribution of n-alkane and C27>C29>C28normalized relativeabundance of regular steranes suggest a mixed organic matter for the source rock ofBPR.
4) There are two different reservoir types in BPR -- clastic and andesitic. Foliatedcutinitic liptobiolite and mudstone of Hujiersite Formation were the principal sourerocks. Mudstone deposited in lake environment of Badaowan Formation were thesecondary source rocks. The proto-petroleum of Bulonggoer paleo-oil was preservedin a anticlinal trap formatted in late Early Carboniferous to Early Permian.
5) The hydrocarbon accumulation model of BPR was builded up by analyzing thetime and process of paleo-oil reservior formation and destruction. There were Twohydrocarbon accumulation epoch of BPR. The first was in Middle Jurassic, then thesource rocks of Hujiersite Formation reached mature stage and massive hydrocarbonwere generated and accumulated in the anticline of Hujiersite Formation. The secondhydrocarbon accumulation epoch was in Early Crataceous. A small amount ofhydrocarbon were generated by the mudstones of Badaowan Formation and chargedinto the anticline of Hujiersite Formation.
6）The hydrocarbon excaped along the destructive channel since the BPRformatting. The BPR was elevated to or near surface and destroied completely with theuplifted of Xiemisitai Mountain. Mass of reservoir solid bitumen was generated by thereservoir alteration processes of once liquid petroleum at that time.
通过研究，论文取得6方面的认识和新进展：
1）布龙果尔地区断裂非常发育，其中压扭性断层最为发育并具有规模大，与区域地层走向、褶皱轴线平行展布的特点；扭性断层亦很发育，与压扭性断层配套成生；张性断裂区内不发育。区内的褶皱主要是在海西、燕山及喜马拉雅构造运动时期形成的。研究表明，布龙果尔地区构造演化过程具有明显的阶段性，其中海西、燕山及喜马拉雅期是区内3个最主要的构造演化阶段。
2）古油藏的固体沥青在野外主要以储层沥青、沥青脉的形式产出。其中储层沥青和沥青脉的反射率相差很大，表明它们形成于不同地质时期，但这两种不同类型的沥青均为油藏后期遭受破坏，在氧化、水洗、生物降解作用下形成的非热解成因型沥青。
3）古油藏沥青中可溶有机质以非烃的含量最高，饱和烃、芳烃和沥青质的含量较少；沥青正构烷烃碳数分布以前单高峰型和双峰型为主，规则甾烷分布型式为“V”字型，表明古油藏原生油气为混源型，其主要烃源岩为形成于海相蒸发环境下的碎屑岩。
4）中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组上部碎屑岩为古油藏的主要储集层，呼吉尔斯特组顶部局部区域发生强烈破碎的粗面岩为其次要储层。呼吉尔斯特组角质煤和暗色泥岩为古油藏的主要烃源岩，侏罗系八道湾组湖沼相泥岩是古油藏的次要烃源岩。
5）通过对布龙果尔古油藏形成时间、形成过程分析，建立了古油藏成藏模式。认为古油藏可能存在两期成藏过程。第一期为中侏罗世时，呼吉尔斯特组烃源岩大量生排烃，在呼吉尔斯特组背斜高部位聚集成藏。第二期应该为早白垩世，八道湾组湖沼相泥质烃源岩生成的少量烃类，沿断层运聚到呼吉尔斯特组背斜圈闭内，聚集成藏。
6）自古油藏形成以来，油气便沿破坏通道不断逸失，后期古油藏随谢米斯台山的隆升被抬至地表或近地表遭到完全破坏，形成了大量的储层固体沥青。
Bulonggoer paleo-oil reservoir (BPR) was the first paleo-oil reservoir found inDevonian around the whole northern Xinjiang, China. The discovery and researchabout it will lead us to knowledge and revaluate the geological conditions of thehydrocarbon accumulation of Devonian in north of Xinjiang. Based on field inspectionand measured geological section, Bulonggoer paleo-oil was studied intensively,including the structural features of Bulonggoer Area, the attitudes and geochemistrycharacteristics of solid bitumens, the characteristics of source rocks, reservoirs and coprocks, the time and process of pale-oil formation and destruction, using organicgeochemisty, fluid inclusion and Zircon U-Pb age dating analysis methods.
The research results are as follows:
1) According to unconformities, the Middle Devonian to Neogene formation ofBulongguoer can be divided into six stockwerkes. Faults are very developed inresearch area. Compresso-shear faults are the most developed and they are large inscale and parallel to the regional stratigraphy aligement and folds axial trend. Shearfaults are also very developed assorted with compresso-shear faults. However,extension faults can only be founded in few region. The folds of the Bulongguoermainly format during Hercynian, Yenshan and Himalayan movement epoch.
2) Two different types of solid bitumen occur: reservoir solid bitumen and veinedsolid bitumen remaining in the oil degradation pathway. The reservoir solid bitumensand veined solid bitumens have the different bitumen reflectance, showing that theywere occurred in different time. All solid bitumens of Bulonggoer paleo-oil, formed byoxidation, water washing and other natural processes in low thermal condition, arenon-pyrogenic solid bitumens.
3) The dissolved organic matter of palo-oil reservoir solid bitumen is rich innonhydrocarbon and poor in saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon andasphaltine. The content distribution style of n-alkane mainly includes ante-single-peakand two-peaks. The distribution of n-alkane and C27>C29>C28normalized relativeabundance of regular steranes suggest a mixed organic matter for the source rock ofBPR.
4) There are two different reservoir types in BPR -- clastic and andesitic. Foliatedcutinitic liptobiolite and mudstone of Hujiersite Formation were the principal sourerocks. Mudstone deposited in lake environment of Badaowan Formation were thesecondary source rocks. The proto-petroleum of Bulonggoer paleo-oil was preservedin a anticlinal trap formatted in late Early Carboniferous to Early Permian.
5) The hydrocarbon accumulation model of BPR was builded up by analyzing thetime and process of paleo-oil reservior formation and destruction. There were Twohydrocarbon accumulation epoch of BPR. The first was in Middle Jurassic, then thesource rocks of Hujiersite Formation reached mature stage and massive hydrocarbonwere generated and accumulated in the anticline of Hujiersite Formation. The secondhydrocarbon accumulation epoch was in Early Crataceous. A small amount ofhydrocarbon were generated by the mudstones of Badaowan Formation and chargedinto the anticline of Hujiersite Formation.
6）The hydrocarbon excaped along the destructive channel since the BPRformatting. The BPR was elevated to or near surface and destroied completely with theuplifted of Xiemisitai Mountain. Mass of reservoir solid bitumen was generated by thereservoir alteration processes of once liquid petroleum at that time.
引文
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