软投入与区域经济增长质量
|
摘要
在经济增长理论发展的200多年时间里,经济增长的数量问题和要素投入长期被视为经济增长的主要内容。大部分经济增长理论探讨的中心问题是如何实现经济数量上的扩张,但是很少涉及经济增长质量问题。而在要素的投入对一定时期内国民收入水平或人均国民收入水平的决定问题的研究中也主要考虑劳动和资本等具体的硬投入,而科技、制度和劳动者积极性等软投入对经济增长的作用受到的重视程度较低。然而,改革开放以来,中国经济在数量增长上取得了举世瞩目的成就,经济增长的质量问题却日益凸显,例如：结构失衡、分配不均、贫富差距扩大、资源短缺及环境污染等等。因此,本文在对经济增长质量及软投入进行清晰界定与准确度量的基础上,试图运用2000-2009年各省市的面板数据研究软投入(主要是制度、科技)对经济增长质量的影响,从软投入的视角对中国区域经济增长差异的原因提供解释。
本文主要考察软投入当中的制度因素和科技因素对经济增长质量中的经济增长的结构、经济增长的稳定性、经济增长的福利变化与成果分配以及经济增长的资源利用和生态环境代价这个四个维度的影响,具体的结论如下：
首先,在软投入方面,主要从政府干预、开放水平、金融业的发展水平、产权制度、政府在教育、科研和环境方面的投入等角度对各省市的2000-2009年的软投入的情况进行了比较。数据分析发现：
(1)不同省市政府对经济的干预程度相差较大,民族自治区和少数民族较多身份的政府支出水平比较高,东部发达地区的政府支出水平相对较低；
(2)就开放水平来看,北京、广东和上海的开放水平最高,进出口总额占GDP的比重超过了100%：从产权制度上看,在经济总量相对较高的东部省市,非国有经济的比重更高,而西部省市非国有经济的活跃程度远远低于东部；
(3)从金融业发展水平上看,反映金融业发达程度的金融机构存款余额占GDP的比重指标显示,北京、上海和山西在该指标上处于领先水平。不同于其他指标的是,东部省市和中西部省市在该指标上并不存在明显差异；
(4)从科教投入上看,绝大部分省市对教育、科研和环保的投入在逐年加大。
其次,在经济增长质量方面,从经济结构、经济的稳定性、经济的福利分配以及资源环境代价方面来进行比较。数据结果表明：
(1)反映经济结构的工业化率水平表明,中部和西部省市的工业化率呈上升趋势,东部和东北省市的工业率处于平稳状态,而从三大产业产值的比重来看,各个省市之间的差距不太大,中部省市第一产业所占的比重较高,而其他地区第一产业所占的比重较低;
(2)从经济的稳定性来看,中部和西部省市的CPI波动相对较大,东部省市的GDP波动相对较大,西部省份的城镇失业率的波动幅度相对较大;
(3)反映福利分配均衡程度的城乡收入差距指标表明,中部和西部省市的城乡收入差距远远高于东部和东北省市,除湖北和江西外的中西部省市城镇居民的收入水平是农村居民收入水平的3倍多,东部省市中,广东和福建的城乡收入差距相对较大；
(4)反映经济增长的资源环境代价的单位GDP能耗量指标表明,东部省市单位GDP能耗量远低于中西部省市,山西、青海、内蒙古和贵州的单位GDP能耗量非常高,单位工业GDP和单位GDP电耗也有类似的地区特征。
最后,对软投入与经济增长质量的关系进行了实证检验,主要分析各软投入对经济增长质量的四个维度的影响,实证结果表明：
(1)软投入对经济结构的影响,在资本这个硬投入依然发挥作用的同时,政府对市场的干预程度、开放水平、教育投入和科研投入等软投入对工业率、第三产业以及非农产业和非农就业的发展有显著的促进作用;
(2)软投入对经济稳定性的影响,政府对市场的干预对降低GDP和城镇失业率的波动有显著的作用,开放水平的提高会显著增加GDP的波动性,金融发展水平的提高能降低CPI波动,人均资本的提高对降低GDP的波动有显著的正面作用;
(3)软投入对人民福利的影响,政府对教育的支出对扫除文盲有着显著的促进作用,人均资本占有量的提高也能减少文盲的比重、提高高中以上文化水平人口在总人口中的比重。政府对教育和科研的支出以及非国有经济的发展能显著缩小城乡收入差距;在资本这个硬投入依然发挥作用的同时,开放水平、教育投入和科研投入等软投入对人均GDP有显著的促进作用。
(4)软投入对资源环境代价的影响,政府对科研和环保的支出对于降低能耗、降低污水排放有显著作用,但在降低废气和固体废弃物的排放上,软投入的影响较为有限；同时,金融发展对降低能耗也有一定的积极作用。
因此,在今后一个较长时期,软投入要素对于集约使用资源,改善生态环境,对于保持经济平稳快速增长具有重要意义。政府在增加软投入的数量和提高软投入的质量以促进区域经济增长质量的提高方面还大有可为。具体可以从以下这些方面来考虑：调整和优化产业结构以实现经济增长结构的协调性；利用相关的宏观经济政策(财政政策、货币政策和投资政策)来调节总需求以保证经济增长的稳定性：通过切实保障低收入群体的基本生活、稳步提高中等收入者比重、建立和完善公共财政制度,实现教育和医疗等公共服务均等化、实行工业反哺农业、城市支持农村的方针以及加强税收调节的力度等措施减小贫富差距来增加人民的福利;推进资源、要素价格体系改革以及大力发展循环经济来实现经济增长的可持续性。同时,继续实施以所有制改革为主体的产权制度变革、深化金融体制改革以提高资本配置效率,加大对中西部地区的政策扶持。并根据各地区的经济发展水平及产业结构制定不同的R&D投入发展战略,采取积极的措施促进本地区人力资本水平的提高。
During the 200 years history of Development of economic growth theory, the quantity of economic growth and factor inputs have been regarded as the main contents of economic growth. Most of the theories of economic growth are focus on the issue how to achieve the expansion of the economic number, but very few related to the Quality of economic growth. And Literatures on how factor inputs effct the level of national income or per capita income level of a period time is also mainly considerate hard-input such as labor and capital, while the role of technology, institutions, and the enthusiasm of workers and other soft-inputs on economic growth are of less attention. However, since the reform and opening up, China has achieved remarkable achievements in the quality of economic growth, but proplems of the Quality of economic growth has become increasingly prominent, such as:structural imbalance, uneven distribution, a widening wealth gap, resource shortages and environmental pollution, and so on. Therefore.based on the well-defined and accurate measure of the soft-inputs, this article trying to use Provinces'2000-2009 panel data to study soft-inputs'(mainly institutional, technological) impact on quality of economic growth,and from soft-inputs perspective to provide an explanation for the regional differences economic growth.
This paper mainly study the impact of the soft-input of institutional factors and technology factors on the four dimension of quality of economic growth, they are structure of economic growth, stability of economic growth, welfare changes and the distribution of the fruits of economic growth, resource use and ecological cost of economic growth.specific conclusions are as follows:
Firstly, in the soft-inputs. Compared the soft-inputs of various provinces and municipalities from years 2000 to 2009, mainly from prospective of government intervention, level of openness, financial sector development, property rights system, government" investment in education, research and environmental.we found:
(1) Diffrences of the degree of Government intervention among different provincial and municipal are larger, the level of government spending are relatively high in autonomous regions and more Minority ethnic identitv regions, eastern region are relatively low;
(2) From view of the opening level. Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai are the highest level of openness, total import and export to GDP is more than 100%:from view of the system of property rights. The proportion of non-state economy is higher in eastern provinces which are of the relative high of the total economy, while the and non-state economic activity in western provinces are far below the east:
(3) From view of the level of financial development, indicator reflecting the level of development of financial sector which measure as financial institutions deposits to GDP show that. Beijing, Shanghai and Shanxi are of the leading level. Unlike other indicators, there are no significantly difference among the eastern provinces and the central and western provinces;
(4) From the view of the science and education inputs, investments for education, research and environmental protection are increasing year by year in the most of the provinces.
Secondly, we make comparative analysis of the Quality of economic growth of various provinces and municipalities from years 2000 to 2009 from respects of economic structure, economic stability, economic welfare and resource allocation to environmental costs. Data results show that:
(1) level of industrialization rate which reflects the economic structure show that the rate of the industrialization in central and western provinces are rising, keeping steadly in the eastern and northeastern provinces, as from the proportion of the three industries output value, there are litter difference, proportion of primary industry are hiher in central provinces, while other regions the proportion of primary industry are low;
(2) From the view of economic stability, the central and western provinces have relatively large fluctuations in the CPI, the GDP of the eastern provinces are of relatively large fluctuations, western provinces have relatively large fluctuations in the urban unemployment rate;
(3) urban-rural income gap index which reflects the equilibrium level of welfare distribution show that urban-rural income gap in the central and western provinces is much higher than that in eastern and northeastern provinces, the urban residents'income level is more than three times to that of rural residents in central and western province in addition to Hubei and Jiangxi province, in the eastern provinces, Guangdong and Fujian urban-rural income gap is relatively large;
(4) unit GDP energy consumption indicators reflect the resources and environmental costs of economic growth show that energy consumption per unit of GDP in the eastern provinces is much lower than that in the central and western provinces, per unit GDP energy consumption in Shanxi, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Guizhou's is very high, unit industrial GDP and electricity consumption per unit GDP have similar geographical characteristics.
Finally, this paper makes empirical tests for the relationship between soft investment and the quality of economic growth, mainly analysis the effect of various soft-inputs to the four dimensions of quality of economic growth, empirical results show that:
(1) effect of soft-inputs to the economic structure, as the hard-inputs of capital investment is still play their role. level of government intervention in the market, the level of openness, investment in education and scientific research has a significant promoting role in the industrial rate and the development of third industry and non-farm industry and non-farm employment;
(2) effect of soft-inputs to the economy stability, government intervention in the market has a significant role to reduce the volatility of GDP and the urban unemployment rate, the volatility of GDP will increase as the level of the openness increase, raising the level of financial development can reduce CPI fluctuations, the per capita capital increase has a significant positive effect to reduce the volatility of GDP;
(3) Effect of soft-inputs to people's welfare, government spending on education has a significant promoting role in removing literacy, the improvement of the per capita share can also reduce the proportion of illiteracy and increase the proposion of high school population to the total population. Government education and research spending and non-state economic development can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap; as the capital hard-inputs continue to play their role, level of openness, investment in education and scientific research and other soft inputs have a significant promoting role to the per capita GDP.
(4) Effect of soft-inputs to resourses and environment costs, government spending on scientific research and environmental protection can significantly decrease energy consumption and reduce waste water discharge, but soft investments have the relatively limited impact in reducing emissions and solid waste emissions; at the same time, financial development have some positive role to reduce energy consumption.
Therefore, a longer period of time in the future, the soft-inputs are significance to the intensive use of resources, improving ecological environment, maintaining steadily and rapidly economic growth. Government has a great future in increasing the Quantity of soft-inputs and improving the Quality of economic growth to promote regional economic growth. Specifically from the following aspects to consider:adjust and optimize industrial structure in order to Coordination the structure of economic growth; use relevant macroeconomic policies (fiscal, monetary and investment policies) to adjust aggregate demand to ensure the stability of economic growth; by effectively protect the basic livelihood of low-income groups, steadily raise the proportion of middle-income, establish and improve the public finance system, achieve public services of education and health care equalization, implementate industry nurturing agriculture and cities support rural policy and strengthening tax adjustment efforts and other measures to reduce wealth gap,and increase people's welfare; promote the price system reform of resources and elements and vigorously develop the circular economy to achieve the sustainability of economic growth. At the same time, continue to implement Property rights system reform that Ownership reform as the main part, deepening the financial system reform to improve the efficiency of capital allocation, increase policy support for the central and western regions. And draft different R & D investment strategy according to the region's economic development level and industrial structure and take positive measures to promote regional human capital levels.
本文主要考察软投入当中的制度因素和科技因素对经济增长质量中的经济增长的结构、经济增长的稳定性、经济增长的福利变化与成果分配以及经济增长的资源利用和生态环境代价这个四个维度的影响,具体的结论如下：
首先,在软投入方面,主要从政府干预、开放水平、金融业的发展水平、产权制度、政府在教育、科研和环境方面的投入等角度对各省市的2000-2009年的软投入的情况进行了比较。数据分析发现：
(1)不同省市政府对经济的干预程度相差较大,民族自治区和少数民族较多身份的政府支出水平比较高,东部发达地区的政府支出水平相对较低；
(2)就开放水平来看,北京、广东和上海的开放水平最高,进出口总额占GDP的比重超过了100%：从产权制度上看,在经济总量相对较高的东部省市,非国有经济的比重更高,而西部省市非国有经济的活跃程度远远低于东部；
(3)从金融业发展水平上看,反映金融业发达程度的金融机构存款余额占GDP的比重指标显示,北京、上海和山西在该指标上处于领先水平。不同于其他指标的是,东部省市和中西部省市在该指标上并不存在明显差异；
(4)从科教投入上看,绝大部分省市对教育、科研和环保的投入在逐年加大。
其次,在经济增长质量方面,从经济结构、经济的稳定性、经济的福利分配以及资源环境代价方面来进行比较。数据结果表明：
(1)反映经济结构的工业化率水平表明,中部和西部省市的工业化率呈上升趋势,东部和东北省市的工业率处于平稳状态,而从三大产业产值的比重来看,各个省市之间的差距不太大,中部省市第一产业所占的比重较高,而其他地区第一产业所占的比重较低;
(2)从经济的稳定性来看,中部和西部省市的CPI波动相对较大,东部省市的GDP波动相对较大,西部省份的城镇失业率的波动幅度相对较大;
(3)反映福利分配均衡程度的城乡收入差距指标表明,中部和西部省市的城乡收入差距远远高于东部和东北省市,除湖北和江西外的中西部省市城镇居民的收入水平是农村居民收入水平的3倍多,东部省市中,广东和福建的城乡收入差距相对较大；
(4)反映经济增长的资源环境代价的单位GDP能耗量指标表明,东部省市单位GDP能耗量远低于中西部省市,山西、青海、内蒙古和贵州的单位GDP能耗量非常高,单位工业GDP和单位GDP电耗也有类似的地区特征。
最后,对软投入与经济增长质量的关系进行了实证检验,主要分析各软投入对经济增长质量的四个维度的影响,实证结果表明：
(1)软投入对经济结构的影响,在资本这个硬投入依然发挥作用的同时,政府对市场的干预程度、开放水平、教育投入和科研投入等软投入对工业率、第三产业以及非农产业和非农就业的发展有显著的促进作用;
(2)软投入对经济稳定性的影响,政府对市场的干预对降低GDP和城镇失业率的波动有显著的作用,开放水平的提高会显著增加GDP的波动性,金融发展水平的提高能降低CPI波动,人均资本的提高对降低GDP的波动有显著的正面作用;
(3)软投入对人民福利的影响,政府对教育的支出对扫除文盲有着显著的促进作用,人均资本占有量的提高也能减少文盲的比重、提高高中以上文化水平人口在总人口中的比重。政府对教育和科研的支出以及非国有经济的发展能显著缩小城乡收入差距;在资本这个硬投入依然发挥作用的同时,开放水平、教育投入和科研投入等软投入对人均GDP有显著的促进作用。
(4)软投入对资源环境代价的影响,政府对科研和环保的支出对于降低能耗、降低污水排放有显著作用,但在降低废气和固体废弃物的排放上,软投入的影响较为有限；同时,金融发展对降低能耗也有一定的积极作用。
因此,在今后一个较长时期,软投入要素对于集约使用资源,改善生态环境,对于保持经济平稳快速增长具有重要意义。政府在增加软投入的数量和提高软投入的质量以促进区域经济增长质量的提高方面还大有可为。具体可以从以下这些方面来考虑：调整和优化产业结构以实现经济增长结构的协调性；利用相关的宏观经济政策(财政政策、货币政策和投资政策)来调节总需求以保证经济增长的稳定性：通过切实保障低收入群体的基本生活、稳步提高中等收入者比重、建立和完善公共财政制度,实现教育和医疗等公共服务均等化、实行工业反哺农业、城市支持农村的方针以及加强税收调节的力度等措施减小贫富差距来增加人民的福利;推进资源、要素价格体系改革以及大力发展循环经济来实现经济增长的可持续性。同时,继续实施以所有制改革为主体的产权制度变革、深化金融体制改革以提高资本配置效率,加大对中西部地区的政策扶持。并根据各地区的经济发展水平及产业结构制定不同的R&D投入发展战略,采取积极的措施促进本地区人力资本水平的提高。
During the 200 years history of Development of economic growth theory, the quantity of economic growth and factor inputs have been regarded as the main contents of economic growth. Most of the theories of economic growth are focus on the issue how to achieve the expansion of the economic number, but very few related to the Quality of economic growth. And Literatures on how factor inputs effct the level of national income or per capita income level of a period time is also mainly considerate hard-input such as labor and capital, while the role of technology, institutions, and the enthusiasm of workers and other soft-inputs on economic growth are of less attention. However, since the reform and opening up, China has achieved remarkable achievements in the quality of economic growth, but proplems of the Quality of economic growth has become increasingly prominent, such as:structural imbalance, uneven distribution, a widening wealth gap, resource shortages and environmental pollution, and so on. Therefore.based on the well-defined and accurate measure of the soft-inputs, this article trying to use Provinces'2000-2009 panel data to study soft-inputs'(mainly institutional, technological) impact on quality of economic growth,and from soft-inputs perspective to provide an explanation for the regional differences economic growth.
This paper mainly study the impact of the soft-input of institutional factors and technology factors on the four dimension of quality of economic growth, they are structure of economic growth, stability of economic growth, welfare changes and the distribution of the fruits of economic growth, resource use and ecological cost of economic growth.specific conclusions are as follows:
Firstly, in the soft-inputs. Compared the soft-inputs of various provinces and municipalities from years 2000 to 2009, mainly from prospective of government intervention, level of openness, financial sector development, property rights system, government" investment in education, research and environmental.we found:
(1) Diffrences of the degree of Government intervention among different provincial and municipal are larger, the level of government spending are relatively high in autonomous regions and more Minority ethnic identitv regions, eastern region are relatively low;
(2) From view of the opening level. Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai are the highest level of openness, total import and export to GDP is more than 100%:from view of the system of property rights. The proportion of non-state economy is higher in eastern provinces which are of the relative high of the total economy, while the and non-state economic activity in western provinces are far below the east:
(3) From view of the level of financial development, indicator reflecting the level of development of financial sector which measure as financial institutions deposits to GDP show that. Beijing, Shanghai and Shanxi are of the leading level. Unlike other indicators, there are no significantly difference among the eastern provinces and the central and western provinces;
(4) From the view of the science and education inputs, investments for education, research and environmental protection are increasing year by year in the most of the provinces.
Secondly, we make comparative analysis of the Quality of economic growth of various provinces and municipalities from years 2000 to 2009 from respects of economic structure, economic stability, economic welfare and resource allocation to environmental costs. Data results show that:
(1) level of industrialization rate which reflects the economic structure show that the rate of the industrialization in central and western provinces are rising, keeping steadly in the eastern and northeastern provinces, as from the proportion of the three industries output value, there are litter difference, proportion of primary industry are hiher in central provinces, while other regions the proportion of primary industry are low;
(2) From the view of economic stability, the central and western provinces have relatively large fluctuations in the CPI, the GDP of the eastern provinces are of relatively large fluctuations, western provinces have relatively large fluctuations in the urban unemployment rate;
(3) urban-rural income gap index which reflects the equilibrium level of welfare distribution show that urban-rural income gap in the central and western provinces is much higher than that in eastern and northeastern provinces, the urban residents'income level is more than three times to that of rural residents in central and western province in addition to Hubei and Jiangxi province, in the eastern provinces, Guangdong and Fujian urban-rural income gap is relatively large;
(4) unit GDP energy consumption indicators reflect the resources and environmental costs of economic growth show that energy consumption per unit of GDP in the eastern provinces is much lower than that in the central and western provinces, per unit GDP energy consumption in Shanxi, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Guizhou's is very high, unit industrial GDP and electricity consumption per unit GDP have similar geographical characteristics.
Finally, this paper makes empirical tests for the relationship between soft investment and the quality of economic growth, mainly analysis the effect of various soft-inputs to the four dimensions of quality of economic growth, empirical results show that:
(1) effect of soft-inputs to the economic structure, as the hard-inputs of capital investment is still play their role. level of government intervention in the market, the level of openness, investment in education and scientific research has a significant promoting role in the industrial rate and the development of third industry and non-farm industry and non-farm employment;
(2) effect of soft-inputs to the economy stability, government intervention in the market has a significant role to reduce the volatility of GDP and the urban unemployment rate, the volatility of GDP will increase as the level of the openness increase, raising the level of financial development can reduce CPI fluctuations, the per capita capital increase has a significant positive effect to reduce the volatility of GDP;
(3) Effect of soft-inputs to people's welfare, government spending on education has a significant promoting role in removing literacy, the improvement of the per capita share can also reduce the proportion of illiteracy and increase the proposion of high school population to the total population. Government education and research spending and non-state economic development can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap; as the capital hard-inputs continue to play their role, level of openness, investment in education and scientific research and other soft inputs have a significant promoting role to the per capita GDP.
(4) Effect of soft-inputs to resourses and environment costs, government spending on scientific research and environmental protection can significantly decrease energy consumption and reduce waste water discharge, but soft investments have the relatively limited impact in reducing emissions and solid waste emissions; at the same time, financial development have some positive role to reduce energy consumption.
Therefore, a longer period of time in the future, the soft-inputs are significance to the intensive use of resources, improving ecological environment, maintaining steadily and rapidly economic growth. Government has a great future in increasing the Quantity of soft-inputs and improving the Quality of economic growth to promote regional economic growth. Specifically from the following aspects to consider:adjust and optimize industrial structure in order to Coordination the structure of economic growth; use relevant macroeconomic policies (fiscal, monetary and investment policies) to adjust aggregate demand to ensure the stability of economic growth; by effectively protect the basic livelihood of low-income groups, steadily raise the proportion of middle-income, establish and improve the public finance system, achieve public services of education and health care equalization, implementate industry nurturing agriculture and cities support rural policy and strengthening tax adjustment efforts and other measures to reduce wealth gap,and increase people's welfare; promote the price system reform of resources and elements and vigorously develop the circular economy to achieve the sustainability of economic growth. At the same time, continue to implement Property rights system reform that Ownership reform as the main part, deepening the financial system reform to improve the efficiency of capital allocation, increase policy support for the central and western regions. And draft different R & D investment strategy according to the region's economic development level and industrial structure and take positive measures to promote regional human capital levels.
引文
[1]蔡昉、都阳.中国地区经济增长的趋同与差异——对西部开发战略的启示[J].经济研究,2000,(10)：30-37.
[2]蔡昉、王德文,都阳.劳动力市场扭曲对区域差距的影响[J].中国社会科学.2001.2：4-14.
[3]钞小静.经济增长质量——一种理论解释及中国的实证分析[D].2009.
[4]陈国阶、王青.中国山区经济发展差异与非农产业的贡献[J].地理学报,2003,(2)
[5]陈彦斌.中国经济增长与经济稳定：何者更为重要[J].管理世界,2005,7：10-16.
[6]戴武堂.论经济增长质量及其改善[J].中国财经政法大学学报,2003,1：35-39.
[7]丹尼森.美国经济增长结构(1929-1969)[M].布鲁金斯研究所,1974年出版.
[8]单薇.基于熵的经济增长质量综合评价[J].数学的实践与认识,2003,33(10)：49-54
[9]单晓娅、陈森良.经济增长质量综合评价指标体系设计[J].贵州财经学院学报,2001,6：39-41
[10]道格拉斯.格林沃尔.经济学百科全书[M],中国社会科学出版社,1992.
[11]多马.《经济增长理论》,商务印书馆1983年版,第8页.
[12]樊元,杨立勋.关于经济增长质量统计的若干理论问题[J].西北师大学报,2002,39(2)：111-114
[13]范柏乃、江蕾、罗佳明.中国经济增长与科技投入关系的实证研究[J].科研管理,2004,25(005)：104-109.
[14]范剑勇、朱国林.中国地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].管理世界,2002,(7).
[15]方希桦、包群、赖明勇.国际技术溢出：基于进口传导机制的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2004,7：58-64.
[16]傅家骥、姜彦福、雷家骕.高质量经济增长的实现要素分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1994,3：9-17.
[17]傅晓霞、吴利学.技术效率、资本深化与地区差异--基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛性分解[J].经济研究,2006,(10).
[18]龚六堂、谢丹阳.我国省份之间的要素流动和边际生产率差异分析[J].经济研 究.2004.1：45-53
[19]官远发、王雁、章仁彪.环大学经济圈：从知识外溢到科技转化——“知识杨浦：三区联动之同济模式”研究[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,6：13-19.
[20]郭金龙、王宏伟.中国区域间资本流动与区域经济差距研究[J].管理世界,2003,(7).
[21]郭庆旺、贾俊雪.积极财政政策对区域经济增长与差异的影响[J].中国软科学,2005,(7).
[22]郭庆旺、贾俊雪.中国全要素生产率的估算：1979-2004[J].经济研究,2005,6：51-60.
[23]贺灿飞、梁进社.中国区域经济差异的时空变化：市场化、全球化与城市化[J].管理世界,2004,(8).
[24]洪英芳.新时期人力资源开发与提高经济增长质量和效益研究[J].人口学刊,2002,6：27-31.
[25]胡鞍钢.社会与发展：中国社会发展地区差距报告[J].开发研究,2003,(4).
[26]胡晓珍.制度创新作用于经济增长的途径及其量化研究[D].华中科技大学,2010.
[27]贾若祥、侯晓丽、刘毅.中国省级地区可持续发展能力综合指标评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2004,21(001)：63-70
[28]卡马耶夫.经济增长的速度和质量[M].陈华山,左东官,何剑等.武汉：湖北人民出版社,1983,19-32.
[29]李变花.经济增长质量指标体系的设置[J].理论新探,2004,1：25-27.
[30]李斌、陈开军.对外贸易与地区经济差距变动[J].世界经济,2007,30(5)：30-36.
[31]李国璋.产出增量中软投入贡献分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1995,4：54-61.
[32]李国璋.软投入研究的几个理论问题[J].开发研究,1995,5：11-14.
[33]刘赫宁、王乐.寻找中国的收敛俱乐部[J].世界经济文汇,2007,1：10-12.
[34]李俊霖.中国经济增长质量研究[D].2007
[35]李明智、王娅莉.我国高技术产业全要素生产率及其影响因素的定量分析[J].科技管理研究,2005,6：34-38.
[36]李实.中国居民收入分配再研究：经济改革和发展中的收入分配[J].经济研究,1999,4：3-17.
[37]李小建、乔家君.20世纪90年代中国县际经济差异的空间分析[J].地理学报,2001,2：
[38]李小宁.经济增长的制度分析模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2005.1：3-17.
[39]李依凭.1978年-2003年我国农民实际收入增长率变动对经济增长质量影响的动态分析[J].技术经济,2004,11.
[40]李岳平.经济增长质量评估体系及实证分析[J].江苏统计,2001,5：19-22
[41]李志宏R&D.R&D溢出、内生增长和内生收敛.当代经济科学,2006,(1)：1-11.
[42]李周为、钟文余.经济增长方式与增长质量测度评价指标体系研究[J].中国软科学,1999,6：37-42
[43]林粦聪.软投入对产出增长的贡献分解[D].2010
[44]林凌、刘世庆：《审视西部大开发》[J],《改革》,2003,(4)：58-66.
[45]林毅夫、张鹏飞.后发优势、技术引进和落后国家的经济增长[J].经济学(季刊)2005.10：53-74.
[46]刘海英、张纯洪.非国有经济发展对中国经济增长质量影响机理研究——来自垅C模型的新证据[J].经济学家,2007,6：63-69.
[47]刘海英、张纯洪-中国经济增长质量提高和规模扩张的非一致性实证研究[J].经济科学,2006,2：13.22
[48]刘海英、赵英才、张纯洪.人力资本“均化”与中国经济增长质量关系研究[J].管理世界,2004,11：15-21.
[49]刘树成.论又好又快发展[J].经济研究,2007,6：4-13.
[50]刘伟、蔡志洲.技术进步、结构变动与改善国民经济中间消耗[J].经济研究,2008,4：4-14.
[51]刘文革、潘鹏杰、朱兴龙.人力资本理论的扩展及对区域经济差异的解释-以浙江与黑龙江两省经济差异比较为例[J].经济学动态,2006,(1).
[52]刘夏明、魏英琪、李国平.收敛还是发散?—中国区域经济发展争论的文献综述[J].经济研究,2004,(7).
[53]刘亚建.我国经济增长效率分析[J].思想战线,2002,28(4)：30-33.
[54]刘亚军、倪树高.基于全要素生产率的浙江省经济增长质量分析[J].浙江社会科
[55]卢燕、刘治国、刘培林.中国区域经增长方式比较研究:1978—ZOOS[J]数量经济与技术经济研究,2008(7)：54-66.
[56]吕安民.中国省级人口增长率和GDP增长率及其相关关系研究[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2006,38(1)：
[57]吕铁、周叔莲.中国的产业结构升级与经济增长方式转变[J].管理世界,1999,1：113-125.
[58]罗·萨缪尔森等.《经济学》(第12版),中国发展出版社,1996,pp：1320.
[59]马建新、申世军.中国经济增长质量问题的初步研究[J].财经问题研究,2007,3：18-23.
[60]马利民、王海建.耗竭性资源约束之下的R&D内生经济增长模型[J].《预测》,2001,4：62-64.
[61]马栓友、于红霞.转移支付与地区经济收敛[J].经济研究.2003.3：26-33
[62]潘文卿.经济增长的软投入效应探析[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),1997,25(1)：35-42.
[63]庞资胜、孙强.教育产业与经济增长关系实证分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(28)：82-90.
[64]彭德芬.经济增长质量研究[M1.武汉：华中师范大学出版社,2002,8-22.
[65]钱纳里、赛尔昆.发展的型式：1950-1970[M].经济科学出版社,1988.
[66]哨红叶、李腊生.我国经济增长质量的实证分析[z].统计研究,1998,4：8-14
[67]沈坤荣、付文林.中国的财政分权制度与地区经济增长[J].管理世界.2005.1：31-39
[68]沈坤荣、马俊.中国经济增长的“俱乐部收敛”特征及其成因研究[J].经济研究.2002.1：33-39
[69]沈坤荣.中国经济增长绩效分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,1998,1：28-33.
[70]舒尔茨.《人力资本投资》[M].现代国外经济学论文选(第八辑).北京：商务印书馆,1984.
[71]舒元、徐现祥.中国经济增长模型设定：1952-1998[J].经济研究,2002.11：3-11.
[72]宋德勇、李忠华.中国省级经济增长的差异分析[J].华中科技大学学报：社会科学版,2004,18(006)：98-102
[73]唐德祥.科技创新与区域经济的非均衡增长[D].重庆大学,2008.
[74]王帮俊.技术创新投入与经济增长之间关系的实证检验[J].统计与决策,2006,8：88-90.
[75]王积业.关于提高经济增长质量的宏观思考[J].宏观经济研究,2000,1：11-17.
[76]王少平、欧阳志刚.中国城乡收入差距对实际经济增长的阂值效应[J].中国社会科学,2008,2：54-66.
[77]王小鲁、樊纲.中国地区差距的变动趋势和影响因素[J].经济研究,2004,(1).
[78]王英伟、成邦文.我国研究与发展对全要素生产率影响的定量分析[J].科技管 理研究,2005,6：40-43.
[79]魏后凯.中国地区发展：经济增长,制度变迁与地区差异[M].Translated.经济管理出版社,1997：
[80]西蒙·库兹涅茨：《各国的经济增长》,商务印书馆1985年版。第8页.
[81]项俊波.中国经济结构失衡的测度与分析[J].管理世界,2008,9：
[82]谢千里、罗斯基.所有制形式与中国工业生产率变动趋势[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2001(3)：5-17.
[83]徐辉、杨志辉.密切值模型在经济增长质量综合评价计算中的应用[J1.理论新探,2005,12：22-23
[84]徐现祥.渐进改革经济中的最优增长[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2005.8：3-15.
[85]徐现祥.我国经济增长方式转变的实证分析[J].上海经济研究,2000(3)：27-32.
[86]杨开忠.中国区域经济差异变动研究[J].经济研究,1994,12：28-33.
[87]严冀、陆铭、陈钊.改革、政策的相互作用和经济增长——来自中国省级面板数据的证据.世界经济文汇.2005.1：27-46.
[88]杨长友.测评经济增长质量的六大向度[J].福建论坛,2000,1：33-35.
[89]杨逢珉、曹萍.教育投入与经济增长的实证研究[J].华东理工大学学报：社会科学版,2007,21(4)：34-37.
[90]杨晓光、樊杰、赵燕霞.20世纪90年代中国区域经济增长的要素分析[J].地理学报,2002,6：
[91]杨伟民.地区间收入差距变动实证分析[J].经济研究,1992,1：70-74.
[92]姚先国、张海峰.教育、人力资本与地区经济差异[J].经济研究,2008,(5)：47-57.
[93]易纲、樊纲、李岩.关于中国经济增长与全要素生产率的理论思考[J].经济研究,2003,8：
[94]易先忠、张亚斌、刘智勇.自主创新、国外模仿与后发国知识产权保护[J].世界经济,2007.4：31-40.
[95]张吉鹏、吴桂英.中国地区差距：度量与成因[J].世界经济文汇,2004,4：
[96]张健.中国区域经济发展差异及其形成原因分析[J].前沿,2010,015)：83-86
[97]张胜、郭军、陈金贤.中国省际长期经济增长绝对收敛的经验分析[J].世界经济.2001.6：67-70
[98]赵英才、张纯洪、刘海英.转轨以来中国经济增长质量的综合评价研究口].吉林大学社会科学学报,2006,46(3)：27-35
[99]钟学义等.增长方式转变与增长质量提高[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2001.
[100]周彩云.经济增长质量的软投入贡献率与TFP增长率的测度[J].统计与决策,2009,14：22-25.
[101]周琦.政府软投入在经济增长中的作用分析[D].2008
[102]朱平芳、徐伟民.政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业R&D投入及其专利产出的影响——上海市的实证研究[J].经济研究,2003,6：45-53.
[103]邹东涛、马海霞.知识经济时代欠发达地区的发展路径[J].中国工业经济,2000,1：27-32.
[104]范建勇、朱国林.中国地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].管理世界,2002,7：37-44.
[105]程必定.区域的外部性内部化和内部性外部化[J].经济研究,1995,7：61-66.
[106]金志云.国内区域经济一体化进程中的矛盾与路径选择[J].理论探讨,2007,6：77-79.
[107]徐现祥、李旬队.市场一体化与区域协调发展[J].经济研究,2005,12：57-67.
[108]吴光芸.社会资本投资：区域经济发展的新动力[J].科学社会主义,2007,5：102-105.
[109]董先安.浅释中国地区收入差距：1952—2002[J].经济研究,2004,9：48-59.
[110]A. F. Shorrocks. The Class of Additively Decomposable Inequality Measures [J]. Econometrical,1980,48(3):613-626.
[111]Acemoglu. Daron and Simon Johnson. Unbundling Institutions [J].Journal of Political Economy,2005,113(5):949-995.
[112]Acemoglu,Daron; Simon Johnson and James Robinson. Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Economic Growth. NBER Working Papers No.10481.2004.
[113]Aghion,P.,Howitt P.,Mayer-Foulkes D. The Effect of Financial Development on Convergence:Theory and Evidences [J].Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2005,120(1):173-222.
[114]Aghion.P.;Caroli,E.; Garcia-Penalosa. C. Inequality and Economic Growth:The Perspective of the New Growth Theories [J] Journal of Economic Literature, 1999,37(4):1615-1661.
[115]Arrow K. J. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing [J]. The Review of Economic Studies,1962,155-173.
[116]Badinger H., Tondl G. Trade, human capital and innovation: the engines of European regional growth in the 1990s [J]. European regional growth. Series: Advances in Spatial Science. Heidelberg:Springer.2003.215-240.
[117]Barlevy, Gadi,2004. "On the Timing of Innovation in Stochastic Schumpeterian Growth Models." NBER Working Paper 10741.
[118]Barro R.and Sala-i-Martin.Economic growth [M].New York:McGraw Hill.Inc.1995.
[119]Barro.Robert Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries[J].Journal of Economic Growth.2000.5(1):5-32.
[120]Baxro. R.J. Government Spending in Simple Model of Endogenous Growth [J] Journal of Political Economy.1990.(5):103-125.
[121]Belton Fleisher. Haizheng L i and M in Q iang Zhao. Human Capital Economic Growth, and Regional Inequality in China. IZA Discussion Paper No.3576.
[122]Caves. D. W..Christensen, L. R., and Diewert, W. E..1982, The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input and Output, and Productivity [J]. Econometrical.50.
[123]Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, and E. Rhodes. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2:429-444.
[124]Chen.Baizhu, and Yi Feng. Determinants of Economic Growth in China:Private Enterprise, Education and Openness [J].China Economic Review,2000,11(1): 1-15.
[125]Chen,Baizhu.and Yi Feng. Determinants of Economic Growth in China:Private Enterprise. Education and Openness [J].China Economic Review,2000, 11(1):1-15.
[126]Chen,Jian, Belton M. Fleisher. Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth in China [J].Journal of Comparative Economics,1996,22:141-164.
[127]Chen,Jian, Belton M. Fleisher. Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth in China [J].Journal of Comparative Economics,1996,22:141-164.
[128]Chow, G..Capital formation and economic growth in China [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics.1993.108.809-842.
[129]Coe D T. Helpman E. International R&D Spillover. European Economic Review, 1995.39(5):859-887.
[130]Coe, David5.and Elhanan Helpman. International R&D Spillovers [J]. European Economic Review,1995,39(5):859-887.
[131]Denison,E.Why Growth Rates Differ:Postwar Experience in Nine Countries.Washington.DC:Brokings Institution.1967.
[132]Dolmas J. Risk Preferences and the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles* 1[J]. Review of Economic Dynamics,1998,1(3):646-676.
[133]Epaulard A., Pommeret A. Recursive utility, endogenous growth, and the welfare cost of volatility [J]. Review of Economic Dynamics,2003,6(3):672-684.
[134]Fare, R., S. Grosskopf, M. Norris and Z. Zhang. Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Changes in Industrialized Countries [J], American Economic Review,1994,84 (1):66-83.
[135]Farrell,M.J. the Measurement of Productive Efficiency [J] Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General).1957(3):253-290.
[136]Fidel Perez-Sebastian. Transitional Dynamics in an R&D-based Growth Model with Imitation:Comparing Its Predictions to the Data [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,2000,45:437-461.
[137]Frankel,J.,and D.Romer. Does Trade Cause Growth?[J].American Economic Review,1999,89:379-399.
[138]George A,Kyriaeou. Level and growth effects of human capital:a cross-country study of the convergence hypothesis [RI. Economic Research reports, 1991,(5):1-29.
[139]Griliches.Z. Productivity, R&D and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s[J]. American Economic Review,1986,76(6):141-154.
[140]Griliehes. Zvi,Issues in assessing the contribution of R&D in Productivity growth,Bell Journal of Economics,1979. (10):92-116.
[141]Griliehes. Zvi,Productivity,R&D. and the data constraint. American Economic Review,1994, (94):1-23
[142]Griliehes.Zvi.R&D and Productivity:the econometric evidence.Chicago University Press.1988:233-249.
[143]Griliehes.Zvi. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators:A Survey. Journal of Economic Literature.1990, (28):1661-1707.
[144]GROSSMAN & E. Helpman. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy [M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1991.
[145]Helpman. Hoffmaister. North-South R&D Spillover [J]. The Economic Journal. 1997.1107:134-149.
[146]Imrohoroglu A.. Imrohorogu S. A Note on the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles and Growth in Turkey [J]. Yapi Kredi Economic Review.1997.8(2):25-34.
[147]Jess Benhabib, Mark M. Spiegel. The role of human capital in economic development evidence from aggregate cross-country data [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1994, (10):143-173.
[148]Kanbur.Ravi and Xiaobo Zhang. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:a Journey through Central Planning, Reform and Openness[J].Review of Development Economics,2005,9:87-106.
[149]Kanbur.Ravi and Xiaobo Zhang. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:a Journey through Central Planning, Reform and Openness [J].Review of Development Economics,2005.9:87-106.
[150]Keilbaeh,M..Spatial Knowledge Spillovers and The Dynamics of Agglomeration and Regional Growth, Physical Verlag.Lazear,Edward,2002,Entrepreneurship[R]. NBER Working Paper,2000.No.9109.
[151]keller,M.. International Technology Diffusion[R]. NBER Working paper,2001, No.8573.
[152]KellerW. International Technology Diffusion [J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 2004,42:752-782.
[153]Khor N., Pencavel J. Measuring Income Mobility, Income Inequality, and Social Welfare for Households of the Peopleis Republic of China [J]. ADB Economics Working Paper Series,2008,
[154]Lewis. W. A. Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of labor [A].The Manehester School.1955.22:139-191.
[155]Li.Hong, Zinan Liu, Ivonia Rebelo. Testing the Neoclassical Theory of Economic Growth:Evidence from Chinese Provinces [J].Economics of Planning,1998. 31:117-132.
[156]Li,Hong, Zinan Liu,Ivonia Rebelo. Testing the Neoclassical Theory of Economic Growth: Evidence from Chinese Provinces [J].Economics of Planning,1998, 31:.117-132.
[157]Lichtenberg F. R., Pottelsberghe de la Potterie B. International R&D spillovers:a comment [J]. European Economic Review,1998,42(8):1483-1491.
[158]Lucas.R.E.On the mechanics of economic development [J].Journal of Monetary Economics.1988(22):3-42.
[159]Lueas.R.J. On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics.1988,(11):3-20.
[160]Malmquist, S.. Index Numbers and Indifference Curves [M]. Trabajos de Estatist ica.1953.
[161]Mankiw.N.G.D. Romer and D.N.Weil. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth [J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.1992.107:407-438.
[162]Meadows D. H.. Randers J., Meadows D. L. The limits to growth:the 30-year update [M]. Translated. Chelsea Green,2004.
[163]NDP.HumanDeveloPmantRePort2007/2008.Fighting Climate Change:Human Solidarity in a Divided World. New York:Palgrave Macmillan.2007.
[164]North.D.C. Structure and Change in Economic History[M].New York:W.W. Norton & Company,1981.
[165]North,D.C.and Thomas,R.P.The rise of the western world:A new economic history[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1973.
[166]P. Ag hion, E. Caroli and G Penalosa. Inequality and Economic Growth:The Perspective of the New Growth Theories [J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 1999,37(4):1615-1660.
[167]Pallage S., Robe M. A. On the Welfare Cost of Economic Fluctuations in Developing Countries*[J]. International Economic Review,2003,44(2):677-698.
[168]Poldahl A. The two faces of R&D:Do firm's absorptive capacities matter?[J]. rebro University, ESI, Working Paper,2006.
[169]R. Perotti, Growth. Income Distribution and Democracy [J]. Journal of Economic Growth,1996,1(2):149-187.
[170]R.F.Harrod, Towards a Dynamic Economic:Some Recent Developments of Economic Theory and Their Application to Policy.Macmillan,London,1948.2.
[171]R.Solow,AContribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.Q.G.E.1956,PP.65-94.
[172]Robert J. Barro. Quantity and Quality of Economic Growth.Working Papers Central Bank of Chile from Central Bank of Chile.2002:1-39.
[173]Romer P. Endogenous technical change [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990, 98(5):71-102.
[174]Romer P. M. Increasing returns and long-run growth [J]. The Journal of Political Economy,1986.1002-1037.
[175]ROMER.PAUL M.Endogenous Technological Change[J]Journal of Political Economy,1990 (98):71-102.
[176]ROMER,PAUL M.Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization[J]. American Economic Review.1987.77 (2):56-63.
[177]Romer.Paul M.Increase returns and long-run growth[J].Joural of Political Economy.1986.94(5):1002-1037.
[178]Solow.R.A contribution to the theory of economic growth[J].Quartely Joural of Economics.1956(70):65-94.
[179]Wincoop E. Welfare gains from international risksharing* 1[J]. Journal of Monetary Economics.1994.34(2):175-200.
[180]Xu B. Multinational enterprises, technology diffusion, and host country productivity growth [J]. Journal of Development Economics,2000, 62(2):477-493.
[181]Yao,Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. Economic Growth and Diverging Clubs: A Case Study of the Chinese Regions [J].Applied Economics Letters,2002,9(12): 833-36.
[182]Yao,Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. Economic Growth and Diverging Clubs:A Case Study of the Chinese Regions [J].Applied Economics Letters,2002.9(12): 833-36.
[183]Yao,Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. On Regional Inequality and Diverging Clubs:A Case Study of Contemporary China [J] Journal of Comparative Economics,2001. 29(3):466-84.
[184]Yao.Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. On Regional Inequality and Diverging Clubs:A Case Study of Contemporary China [J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2001. 29(3):466-84.
[185]Yao.Shujie.Zongyi Zhang. Regional Growth in China under Economic Reforms [J].The Journal of Development Studies.2001.38(2):167-86.
[186]Yao.Shujie.Zongyi Zhang. Regional Growth in China under Economic Reforms [J].The Journal of Development Studies,2001,38(2):167-86.
[187]Yellen, Janet, and George Akerlof.2006. "Stabilization Policy:Reconsideration.' Economic Inquiry 44(1):1-22.
[2]蔡昉、王德文,都阳.劳动力市场扭曲对区域差距的影响[J].中国社会科学.2001.2：4-14.
[3]钞小静.经济增长质量——一种理论解释及中国的实证分析[D].2009.
[4]陈国阶、王青.中国山区经济发展差异与非农产业的贡献[J].地理学报,2003,(2)
[5]陈彦斌.中国经济增长与经济稳定：何者更为重要[J].管理世界,2005,7：10-16.
[6]戴武堂.论经济增长质量及其改善[J].中国财经政法大学学报,2003,1：35-39.
[7]丹尼森.美国经济增长结构(1929-1969)[M].布鲁金斯研究所,1974年出版.
[8]单薇.基于熵的经济增长质量综合评价[J].数学的实践与认识,2003,33(10)：49-54
[9]单晓娅、陈森良.经济增长质量综合评价指标体系设计[J].贵州财经学院学报,2001,6：39-41
[10]道格拉斯.格林沃尔.经济学百科全书[M],中国社会科学出版社,1992.
[11]多马.《经济增长理论》,商务印书馆1983年版,第8页.
[12]樊元,杨立勋.关于经济增长质量统计的若干理论问题[J].西北师大学报,2002,39(2)：111-114
[13]范柏乃、江蕾、罗佳明.中国经济增长与科技投入关系的实证研究[J].科研管理,2004,25(005)：104-109.
[14]范剑勇、朱国林.中国地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].管理世界,2002,(7).
[15]方希桦、包群、赖明勇.国际技术溢出：基于进口传导机制的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2004,7：58-64.
[16]傅家骥、姜彦福、雷家骕.高质量经济增长的实现要素分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1994,3：9-17.
[17]傅晓霞、吴利学.技术效率、资本深化与地区差异--基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛性分解[J].经济研究,2006,(10).
[18]龚六堂、谢丹阳.我国省份之间的要素流动和边际生产率差异分析[J].经济研 究.2004.1：45-53
[19]官远发、王雁、章仁彪.环大学经济圈：从知识外溢到科技转化——“知识杨浦：三区联动之同济模式”研究[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,6：13-19.
[20]郭金龙、王宏伟.中国区域间资本流动与区域经济差距研究[J].管理世界,2003,(7).
[21]郭庆旺、贾俊雪.积极财政政策对区域经济增长与差异的影响[J].中国软科学,2005,(7).
[22]郭庆旺、贾俊雪.中国全要素生产率的估算：1979-2004[J].经济研究,2005,6：51-60.
[23]贺灿飞、梁进社.中国区域经济差异的时空变化：市场化、全球化与城市化[J].管理世界,2004,(8).
[24]洪英芳.新时期人力资源开发与提高经济增长质量和效益研究[J].人口学刊,2002,6：27-31.
[25]胡鞍钢.社会与发展：中国社会发展地区差距报告[J].开发研究,2003,(4).
[26]胡晓珍.制度创新作用于经济增长的途径及其量化研究[D].华中科技大学,2010.
[27]贾若祥、侯晓丽、刘毅.中国省级地区可持续发展能力综合指标评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2004,21(001)：63-70
[28]卡马耶夫.经济增长的速度和质量[M].陈华山,左东官,何剑等.武汉：湖北人民出版社,1983,19-32.
[29]李变花.经济增长质量指标体系的设置[J].理论新探,2004,1：25-27.
[30]李斌、陈开军.对外贸易与地区经济差距变动[J].世界经济,2007,30(5)：30-36.
[31]李国璋.产出增量中软投入贡献分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1995,4：54-61.
[32]李国璋.软投入研究的几个理论问题[J].开发研究,1995,5：11-14.
[33]刘赫宁、王乐.寻找中国的收敛俱乐部[J].世界经济文汇,2007,1：10-12.
[34]李俊霖.中国经济增长质量研究[D].2007
[35]李明智、王娅莉.我国高技术产业全要素生产率及其影响因素的定量分析[J].科技管理研究,2005,6：34-38.
[36]李实.中国居民收入分配再研究：经济改革和发展中的收入分配[J].经济研究,1999,4：3-17.
[37]李小建、乔家君.20世纪90年代中国县际经济差异的空间分析[J].地理学报,2001,2：
[38]李小宁.经济增长的制度分析模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2005.1：3-17.
[39]李依凭.1978年-2003年我国农民实际收入增长率变动对经济增长质量影响的动态分析[J].技术经济,2004,11.
[40]李岳平.经济增长质量评估体系及实证分析[J].江苏统计,2001,5：19-22
[41]李志宏R&D.R&D溢出、内生增长和内生收敛.当代经济科学,2006,(1)：1-11.
[42]李周为、钟文余.经济增长方式与增长质量测度评价指标体系研究[J].中国软科学,1999,6：37-42
[43]林粦聪.软投入对产出增长的贡献分解[D].2010
[44]林凌、刘世庆：《审视西部大开发》[J],《改革》,2003,(4)：58-66.
[45]林毅夫、张鹏飞.后发优势、技术引进和落后国家的经济增长[J].经济学(季刊)2005.10：53-74.
[46]刘海英、张纯洪.非国有经济发展对中国经济增长质量影响机理研究——来自垅C模型的新证据[J].经济学家,2007,6：63-69.
[47]刘海英、张纯洪-中国经济增长质量提高和规模扩张的非一致性实证研究[J].经济科学,2006,2：13.22
[48]刘海英、赵英才、张纯洪.人力资本“均化”与中国经济增长质量关系研究[J].管理世界,2004,11：15-21.
[49]刘树成.论又好又快发展[J].经济研究,2007,6：4-13.
[50]刘伟、蔡志洲.技术进步、结构变动与改善国民经济中间消耗[J].经济研究,2008,4：4-14.
[51]刘文革、潘鹏杰、朱兴龙.人力资本理论的扩展及对区域经济差异的解释-以浙江与黑龙江两省经济差异比较为例[J].经济学动态,2006,(1).
[52]刘夏明、魏英琪、李国平.收敛还是发散?—中国区域经济发展争论的文献综述[J].经济研究,2004,(7).
[53]刘亚建.我国经济增长效率分析[J].思想战线,2002,28(4)：30-33.
[54]刘亚军、倪树高.基于全要素生产率的浙江省经济增长质量分析[J].浙江社会科
[55]卢燕、刘治国、刘培林.中国区域经增长方式比较研究:1978—ZOOS[J]数量经济与技术经济研究,2008(7)：54-66.
[56]吕安民.中国省级人口增长率和GDP增长率及其相关关系研究[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2006,38(1)：
[57]吕铁、周叔莲.中国的产业结构升级与经济增长方式转变[J].管理世界,1999,1：113-125.
[58]罗·萨缪尔森等.《经济学》(第12版),中国发展出版社,1996,pp：1320.
[59]马建新、申世军.中国经济增长质量问题的初步研究[J].财经问题研究,2007,3：18-23.
[60]马利民、王海建.耗竭性资源约束之下的R&D内生经济增长模型[J].《预测》,2001,4：62-64.
[61]马栓友、于红霞.转移支付与地区经济收敛[J].经济研究.2003.3：26-33
[62]潘文卿.经济增长的软投入效应探析[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),1997,25(1)：35-42.
[63]庞资胜、孙强.教育产业与经济增长关系实证分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(28)：82-90.
[64]彭德芬.经济增长质量研究[M1.武汉：华中师范大学出版社,2002,8-22.
[65]钱纳里、赛尔昆.发展的型式：1950-1970[M].经济科学出版社,1988.
[66]哨红叶、李腊生.我国经济增长质量的实证分析[z].统计研究,1998,4：8-14
[67]沈坤荣、付文林.中国的财政分权制度与地区经济增长[J].管理世界.2005.1：31-39
[68]沈坤荣、马俊.中国经济增长的“俱乐部收敛”特征及其成因研究[J].经济研究.2002.1：33-39
[69]沈坤荣.中国经济增长绩效分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,1998,1：28-33.
[70]舒尔茨.《人力资本投资》[M].现代国外经济学论文选(第八辑).北京：商务印书馆,1984.
[71]舒元、徐现祥.中国经济增长模型设定：1952-1998[J].经济研究,2002.11：3-11.
[72]宋德勇、李忠华.中国省级经济增长的差异分析[J].华中科技大学学报：社会科学版,2004,18(006)：98-102
[73]唐德祥.科技创新与区域经济的非均衡增长[D].重庆大学,2008.
[74]王帮俊.技术创新投入与经济增长之间关系的实证检验[J].统计与决策,2006,8：88-90.
[75]王积业.关于提高经济增长质量的宏观思考[J].宏观经济研究,2000,1：11-17.
[76]王少平、欧阳志刚.中国城乡收入差距对实际经济增长的阂值效应[J].中国社会科学,2008,2：54-66.
[77]王小鲁、樊纲.中国地区差距的变动趋势和影响因素[J].经济研究,2004,(1).
[78]王英伟、成邦文.我国研究与发展对全要素生产率影响的定量分析[J].科技管 理研究,2005,6：40-43.
[79]魏后凯.中国地区发展：经济增长,制度变迁与地区差异[M].Translated.经济管理出版社,1997：
[80]西蒙·库兹涅茨：《各国的经济增长》,商务印书馆1985年版。第8页.
[81]项俊波.中国经济结构失衡的测度与分析[J].管理世界,2008,9：
[82]谢千里、罗斯基.所有制形式与中国工业生产率变动趋势[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2001(3)：5-17.
[83]徐辉、杨志辉.密切值模型在经济增长质量综合评价计算中的应用[J1.理论新探,2005,12：22-23
[84]徐现祥.渐进改革经济中的最优增长[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2005.8：3-15.
[85]徐现祥.我国经济增长方式转变的实证分析[J].上海经济研究,2000(3)：27-32.
[86]杨开忠.中国区域经济差异变动研究[J].经济研究,1994,12：28-33.
[87]严冀、陆铭、陈钊.改革、政策的相互作用和经济增长——来自中国省级面板数据的证据.世界经济文汇.2005.1：27-46.
[88]杨长友.测评经济增长质量的六大向度[J].福建论坛,2000,1：33-35.
[89]杨逢珉、曹萍.教育投入与经济增长的实证研究[J].华东理工大学学报：社会科学版,2007,21(4)：34-37.
[90]杨晓光、樊杰、赵燕霞.20世纪90年代中国区域经济增长的要素分析[J].地理学报,2002,6：
[91]杨伟民.地区间收入差距变动实证分析[J].经济研究,1992,1：70-74.
[92]姚先国、张海峰.教育、人力资本与地区经济差异[J].经济研究,2008,(5)：47-57.
[93]易纲、樊纲、李岩.关于中国经济增长与全要素生产率的理论思考[J].经济研究,2003,8：
[94]易先忠、张亚斌、刘智勇.自主创新、国外模仿与后发国知识产权保护[J].世界经济,2007.4：31-40.
[95]张吉鹏、吴桂英.中国地区差距：度量与成因[J].世界经济文汇,2004,4：
[96]张健.中国区域经济发展差异及其形成原因分析[J].前沿,2010,015)：83-86
[97]张胜、郭军、陈金贤.中国省际长期经济增长绝对收敛的经验分析[J].世界经济.2001.6：67-70
[98]赵英才、张纯洪、刘海英.转轨以来中国经济增长质量的综合评价研究口].吉林大学社会科学学报,2006,46(3)：27-35
[99]钟学义等.增长方式转变与增长质量提高[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2001.
[100]周彩云.经济增长质量的软投入贡献率与TFP增长率的测度[J].统计与决策,2009,14：22-25.
[101]周琦.政府软投入在经济增长中的作用分析[D].2008
[102]朱平芳、徐伟民.政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业R&D投入及其专利产出的影响——上海市的实证研究[J].经济研究,2003,6：45-53.
[103]邹东涛、马海霞.知识经济时代欠发达地区的发展路径[J].中国工业经济,2000,1：27-32.
[104]范建勇、朱国林.中国地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].管理世界,2002,7：37-44.
[105]程必定.区域的外部性内部化和内部性外部化[J].经济研究,1995,7：61-66.
[106]金志云.国内区域经济一体化进程中的矛盾与路径选择[J].理论探讨,2007,6：77-79.
[107]徐现祥、李旬队.市场一体化与区域协调发展[J].经济研究,2005,12：57-67.
[108]吴光芸.社会资本投资：区域经济发展的新动力[J].科学社会主义,2007,5：102-105.
[109]董先安.浅释中国地区收入差距：1952—2002[J].经济研究,2004,9：48-59.
[110]A. F. Shorrocks. The Class of Additively Decomposable Inequality Measures [J]. Econometrical,1980,48(3):613-626.
[111]Acemoglu. Daron and Simon Johnson. Unbundling Institutions [J].Journal of Political Economy,2005,113(5):949-995.
[112]Acemoglu,Daron; Simon Johnson and James Robinson. Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Economic Growth. NBER Working Papers No.10481.2004.
[113]Aghion,P.,Howitt P.,Mayer-Foulkes D. The Effect of Financial Development on Convergence:Theory and Evidences [J].Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2005,120(1):173-222.
[114]Aghion.P.;Caroli,E.; Garcia-Penalosa. C. Inequality and Economic Growth:The Perspective of the New Growth Theories [J] Journal of Economic Literature, 1999,37(4):1615-1661.
[115]Arrow K. J. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing [J]. The Review of Economic Studies,1962,155-173.
[116]Badinger H., Tondl G. Trade, human capital and innovation: the engines of European regional growth in the 1990s [J]. European regional growth. Series: Advances in Spatial Science. Heidelberg:Springer.2003.215-240.
[117]Barlevy, Gadi,2004. "On the Timing of Innovation in Stochastic Schumpeterian Growth Models." NBER Working Paper 10741.
[118]Barro R.and Sala-i-Martin.Economic growth [M].New York:McGraw Hill.Inc.1995.
[119]Barro.Robert Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries[J].Journal of Economic Growth.2000.5(1):5-32.
[120]Baxro. R.J. Government Spending in Simple Model of Endogenous Growth [J] Journal of Political Economy.1990.(5):103-125.
[121]Belton Fleisher. Haizheng L i and M in Q iang Zhao. Human Capital Economic Growth, and Regional Inequality in China. IZA Discussion Paper No.3576.
[122]Caves. D. W..Christensen, L. R., and Diewert, W. E..1982, The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input and Output, and Productivity [J]. Econometrical.50.
[123]Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, and E. Rhodes. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2:429-444.
[124]Chen.Baizhu, and Yi Feng. Determinants of Economic Growth in China:Private Enterprise, Education and Openness [J].China Economic Review,2000,11(1): 1-15.
[125]Chen,Baizhu.and Yi Feng. Determinants of Economic Growth in China:Private Enterprise. Education and Openness [J].China Economic Review,2000, 11(1):1-15.
[126]Chen,Jian, Belton M. Fleisher. Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth in China [J].Journal of Comparative Economics,1996,22:141-164.
[127]Chen,Jian, Belton M. Fleisher. Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth in China [J].Journal of Comparative Economics,1996,22:141-164.
[128]Chow, G..Capital formation and economic growth in China [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics.1993.108.809-842.
[129]Coe D T. Helpman E. International R&D Spillover. European Economic Review, 1995.39(5):859-887.
[130]Coe, David5.and Elhanan Helpman. International R&D Spillovers [J]. European Economic Review,1995,39(5):859-887.
[131]Denison,E.Why Growth Rates Differ:Postwar Experience in Nine Countries.Washington.DC:Brokings Institution.1967.
[132]Dolmas J. Risk Preferences and the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles* 1[J]. Review of Economic Dynamics,1998,1(3):646-676.
[133]Epaulard A., Pommeret A. Recursive utility, endogenous growth, and the welfare cost of volatility [J]. Review of Economic Dynamics,2003,6(3):672-684.
[134]Fare, R., S. Grosskopf, M. Norris and Z. Zhang. Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Changes in Industrialized Countries [J], American Economic Review,1994,84 (1):66-83.
[135]Farrell,M.J. the Measurement of Productive Efficiency [J] Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General).1957(3):253-290.
[136]Fidel Perez-Sebastian. Transitional Dynamics in an R&D-based Growth Model with Imitation:Comparing Its Predictions to the Data [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,2000,45:437-461.
[137]Frankel,J.,and D.Romer. Does Trade Cause Growth?[J].American Economic Review,1999,89:379-399.
[138]George A,Kyriaeou. Level and growth effects of human capital:a cross-country study of the convergence hypothesis [RI. Economic Research reports, 1991,(5):1-29.
[139]Griliches.Z. Productivity, R&D and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s[J]. American Economic Review,1986,76(6):141-154.
[140]Griliehes. Zvi,Issues in assessing the contribution of R&D in Productivity growth,Bell Journal of Economics,1979. (10):92-116.
[141]Griliehes. Zvi,Productivity,R&D. and the data constraint. American Economic Review,1994, (94):1-23
[142]Griliehes.Zvi.R&D and Productivity:the econometric evidence.Chicago University Press.1988:233-249.
[143]Griliehes.Zvi. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators:A Survey. Journal of Economic Literature.1990, (28):1661-1707.
[144]GROSSMAN & E. Helpman. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy [M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1991.
[145]Helpman. Hoffmaister. North-South R&D Spillover [J]. The Economic Journal. 1997.1107:134-149.
[146]Imrohoroglu A.. Imrohorogu S. A Note on the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles and Growth in Turkey [J]. Yapi Kredi Economic Review.1997.8(2):25-34.
[147]Jess Benhabib, Mark M. Spiegel. The role of human capital in economic development evidence from aggregate cross-country data [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1994, (10):143-173.
[148]Kanbur.Ravi and Xiaobo Zhang. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:a Journey through Central Planning, Reform and Openness[J].Review of Development Economics,2005,9:87-106.
[149]Kanbur.Ravi and Xiaobo Zhang. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:a Journey through Central Planning, Reform and Openness [J].Review of Development Economics,2005.9:87-106.
[150]Keilbaeh,M..Spatial Knowledge Spillovers and The Dynamics of Agglomeration and Regional Growth, Physical Verlag.Lazear,Edward,2002,Entrepreneurship[R]. NBER Working Paper,2000.No.9109.
[151]keller,M.. International Technology Diffusion[R]. NBER Working paper,2001, No.8573.
[152]KellerW. International Technology Diffusion [J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 2004,42:752-782.
[153]Khor N., Pencavel J. Measuring Income Mobility, Income Inequality, and Social Welfare for Households of the Peopleis Republic of China [J]. ADB Economics Working Paper Series,2008,
[154]Lewis. W. A. Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of labor [A].The Manehester School.1955.22:139-191.
[155]Li.Hong, Zinan Liu, Ivonia Rebelo. Testing the Neoclassical Theory of Economic Growth:Evidence from Chinese Provinces [J].Economics of Planning,1998. 31:117-132.
[156]Li,Hong, Zinan Liu,Ivonia Rebelo. Testing the Neoclassical Theory of Economic Growth: Evidence from Chinese Provinces [J].Economics of Planning,1998, 31:.117-132.
[157]Lichtenberg F. R., Pottelsberghe de la Potterie B. International R&D spillovers:a comment [J]. European Economic Review,1998,42(8):1483-1491.
[158]Lucas.R.E.On the mechanics of economic development [J].Journal of Monetary Economics.1988(22):3-42.
[159]Lueas.R.J. On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics.1988,(11):3-20.
[160]Malmquist, S.. Index Numbers and Indifference Curves [M]. Trabajos de Estatist ica.1953.
[161]Mankiw.N.G.D. Romer and D.N.Weil. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth [J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.1992.107:407-438.
[162]Meadows D. H.. Randers J., Meadows D. L. The limits to growth:the 30-year update [M]. Translated. Chelsea Green,2004.
[163]NDP.HumanDeveloPmantRePort2007/2008.Fighting Climate Change:Human Solidarity in a Divided World. New York:Palgrave Macmillan.2007.
[164]North.D.C. Structure and Change in Economic History[M].New York:W.W. Norton & Company,1981.
[165]North,D.C.and Thomas,R.P.The rise of the western world:A new economic history[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1973.
[166]P. Ag hion, E. Caroli and G Penalosa. Inequality and Economic Growth:The Perspective of the New Growth Theories [J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 1999,37(4):1615-1660.
[167]Pallage S., Robe M. A. On the Welfare Cost of Economic Fluctuations in Developing Countries*[J]. International Economic Review,2003,44(2):677-698.
[168]Poldahl A. The two faces of R&D:Do firm's absorptive capacities matter?[J]. rebro University, ESI, Working Paper,2006.
[169]R. Perotti, Growth. Income Distribution and Democracy [J]. Journal of Economic Growth,1996,1(2):149-187.
[170]R.F.Harrod, Towards a Dynamic Economic:Some Recent Developments of Economic Theory and Their Application to Policy.Macmillan,London,1948.2.
[171]R.Solow,AContribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.Q.G.E.1956,PP.65-94.
[172]Robert J. Barro. Quantity and Quality of Economic Growth.Working Papers Central Bank of Chile from Central Bank of Chile.2002:1-39.
[173]Romer P. Endogenous technical change [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990, 98(5):71-102.
[174]Romer P. M. Increasing returns and long-run growth [J]. The Journal of Political Economy,1986.1002-1037.
[175]ROMER.PAUL M.Endogenous Technological Change[J]Journal of Political Economy,1990 (98):71-102.
[176]ROMER,PAUL M.Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization[J]. American Economic Review.1987.77 (2):56-63.
[177]Romer.Paul M.Increase returns and long-run growth[J].Joural of Political Economy.1986.94(5):1002-1037.
[178]Solow.R.A contribution to the theory of economic growth[J].Quartely Joural of Economics.1956(70):65-94.
[179]Wincoop E. Welfare gains from international risksharing* 1[J]. Journal of Monetary Economics.1994.34(2):175-200.
[180]Xu B. Multinational enterprises, technology diffusion, and host country productivity growth [J]. Journal of Development Economics,2000, 62(2):477-493.
[181]Yao,Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. Economic Growth and Diverging Clubs: A Case Study of the Chinese Regions [J].Applied Economics Letters,2002,9(12): 833-36.
[182]Yao,Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. Economic Growth and Diverging Clubs:A Case Study of the Chinese Regions [J].Applied Economics Letters,2002.9(12): 833-36.
[183]Yao,Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. On Regional Inequality and Diverging Clubs:A Case Study of Contemporary China [J] Journal of Comparative Economics,2001. 29(3):466-84.
[184]Yao.Shujie and Zongyi Zhang. On Regional Inequality and Diverging Clubs:A Case Study of Contemporary China [J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2001. 29(3):466-84.
[185]Yao.Shujie.Zongyi Zhang. Regional Growth in China under Economic Reforms [J].The Journal of Development Studies.2001.38(2):167-86.
[186]Yao.Shujie.Zongyi Zhang. Regional Growth in China under Economic Reforms [J].The Journal of Development Studies,2001,38(2):167-86.
[187]Yellen, Janet, and George Akerlof.2006. "Stabilization Policy:Reconsideration.' Economic Inquiry 44(1):1-22.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |