基于BPMN的业务流程一体化建模方法研究与实现
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摘要
随着企业信息化的不断普及深化,信息技术对企业的提升作用已被人们广泛认可。企业希望引入信息技术来提升市场竞争力,但信息化面临的高投入、高风险却又让他们时常望而却步。因此,破解企业信息化建设中出现的“企业的信息化投资没被有效转化为信息技术应用,信息技术应用没有效形成信息化能力,已形成的信息化能力没有理想地转化为商业价值效果,已取得的商业价值边缘效果偏离了企业生存发展的核心价值”问题,即信息悖论是一个值得人们研究的问题。笔者认为,破解信息悖论不能只从管理上想办法如何调动企业的业务人员的积极性,还应在技术上想办法支持业务人员切实参与信息系统应用建设。为此,本文主要开展了以下研究工作:
①针对现有的企业信息化建设模式所存在的没有让业务人员实际参与信息系统开发,业务人员的个人能力及存在价值没有在信息系统中得到充分展现等不足,提出了一种由企业主导的信息化建设模式,即让业务人员基于IT人员开发的信息系统平台,以定义可计算机实现的业务流程模型的方式来搭建满足业务工作所需的信息系统应用,让信息化成为业务人员的一种常态工作,并指出实现该模式的关键是要提出一种既易于业务人员学习使用,又易于计算机实现业务流程模型的建模方法。
②针对现有的业务流程建模理论及方法无法直接支持业务人员创建可计算机实现的业务流程模型,以及人们在业务流程全生命周期管理不同阶段需用不同方法重复建模同一业务流程导致模型的一致性难以得到保证等问题,本文提出了业务流程一体化建模概念,并对其定义及内涵进行了探讨,提出业务人员可以用一种方法来统一业务流程全生命周期管理不同阶段的业务流程建模工作;在此基础上,本文给出了业务人员完成业务流程一体化建模的主要步骤及方法,即业务人员按照“过程概念建模→过程仿真建模→过程执行建模”内嵌资源建模、组织建模、功能建模和数据建模的方式,首先用业务流程建模符号(Business Process Modeling Notation,BPMN)可视化描述业务流程得到业务流程概念模型,然后再将业务流程概念模型逐步扩展为业务流程物理模型。
③为支持计算机直接实现BPMN模型,基于业务流程执行是面向“系统”物理实现业务流程这一理念,本文通过改进BPMN符号/元素的语法及语义,和从系统、过程和活动三个层次分析计算机实现业务流程所需信息,设计了一种支持业务流程一体化建模的元模型;在此基础上,基于有限状态机理论,设计了适用于BPMN模型的过程状态机和活动状态机,并采取一个进程同时启动多个线程策略,设计了一种包括Process触发、Process推进、Activity执行、Event处理、Gateway处理五个子机制的业务流程执行机制。
④为支持计算机可以直接仿真BPMN模型,本文基于设计的过程状态机和活动状态机,给出了业务流程动态性能评价指标计算方法;通过扩展定义BPMN流对象元素Process、Activity、Event和Gateway的仿真属性,设计了支持业务流程仿真的元模型;基于现有的离散事件系统仿真理论、方法和技术,采取事件调度法仿真策略,设计了用于BPMN模型的业务流程仿真机制;
⑤为支持计算机形式化分析业务人员创建的BPMN模型是否正确,通过分析现有的工作流模型正确性评价标准,提出以业务流程模型能否被化简为一个良构的原子工作流模式(Well-WCP1)为标准来判断BPMN模型是否正确,并在此基础上设计了相应的工作流模式的形式化编码方法及组合化简规则。
⑥为检验提出的业务流程一体化建模方法是否可行,本文首先面向业务人员设计了一个支持业务流程一体化建模的业务流程管理系统架构;然后开发了一个名为YDLBPMS的业务流程管理原型系统;最后以某公司技术中心的产品研发管理为例,阐述了业务人员如何在该原型系统中完成业务流程一体化建模,以及如何在该原型系统中使用创建的信息系统应用。
With the popularization and deepening of Enterprise Informatization (EI) incessantly, the effection that Information Technology (IT) can enhance enterprise’s capability has been accepted by people. Although many enterprises hope to enhance their capabilities with the help of IT, the high investment and high risk make them be afraid to implement EI. So it is worth for people to study how to settle the informatization paradox that the informatization investment isn’t translated into the IT application, and the IT application doesn’t effectly form the informatization capability, and the formed informatization capability doesn’t produce the ideal business value, and the brought fringe effection of business value deviates the core value which supports enterprise living and developing. The author thinks that we should find out methods how to support enterprise’s business personnel to really participate in the construction of information system applications in technology, not only how to arouse their positiveness in management. Then this article has made the following works.
Aimed at the existing enterprise informatization construction patterns’shortcomings, such as business personnel’s professional ability and IT capability don’t be substantially enhanced, and business personnel’s personal ability and existence value can’t be shown out in information system, and so on, this article has brought out a new informatization construction pattern led by enterprise, and pointed out the key to realize the pattern is that people should find out a method which not only is easy for business personnel to learn and use, but also is used for computer to realize the business process module. The new pattern suggests business personnel to develop the information system applications which can meet their business work needs by the way of defining executable business process module in the information system platform developed by IT personnel. It can make the informazation work become business personnel’s routine.
Aimed at the questions that existing business process theories and methods don’t support business personnel to define executable business module, and people have to use difference methods to duplicatly model the same business process in different phases of the business process whole life circle management, and the consistence of business process modules cann’t be assured, and so on, this article has brought out the conception of business process integration modeling, and discusses the conception’s intension that business personnel can use one method to integrate the business process modelling works in differnce phases of the business process whole life circle management. Based on the above, this article has brought out one method to support business personnel accomplishing the business process integration modeling. The method is that by the way of“process conception modeling→process simulation modeling→process executionmodeling”embedding resource modelig, organization modeling, function modeling and data modeling, business peronnel can visually design the business process to get the coneption module of business process by use of Business Process Modeling Notation(BPMN)firstly, and then extend the coneption module to physical module step by step.
In order to support computer directly realizing BPMN module,based on the idea that business process execution is system-oriented to phisically realize business process, this article has designed a meta-module for business porcess integration modeling. Based on the finited state marchine (FSM) theory, this article has designed the process state marchine and arctivity state marchine which are applied to BPMN module, and designed a business process execution mechanism which consists of five sub-mechanisms, including process triggering, process advancing, activity executing, event handling and gateway handling.
In order to support computer directly simulating BPMN module, this article has discussed how to compute the business process dynamic performance indexes based on the process state marchine and activity state marchine. By extending the simulation properties of BPMN flow-object elements (Process, Activity, Event and Gateway), this article has designed a meta-module to support business process simulation. By adopting the simaulation tactic of event scheduling method, this article has designed a business process simulation mechanism being applied to BPMN module.
In order to check whether the BPMN module defined by business personnel is correct or not, by contrastly analysing the exsiting workflow module correctness evaluating criterion, this article brings out a method to sematically verify the BPMN module by reducing the business process module to a well atom workflow control pattern (Well-WCP1). Based on the above, this article has designed some formal encoding, combining, reducing rules of workflow patterns.
In order to check whether the method of business process integration modeling is feasible or not, this article has designed a business process management system architecture supporting business process integration modeling for business personnel firstly, and then developed a prototype named YDLBPMS of business process management system. Finally, taking the product development management of a company’s technology center for example, this article expounds business personnel how to accomplish business process integration modeling in YDLBPMS, and how to use the applications defined in YDLBPMS.
①针对现有的企业信息化建设模式所存在的没有让业务人员实际参与信息系统开发,业务人员的个人能力及存在价值没有在信息系统中得到充分展现等不足,提出了一种由企业主导的信息化建设模式,即让业务人员基于IT人员开发的信息系统平台,以定义可计算机实现的业务流程模型的方式来搭建满足业务工作所需的信息系统应用,让信息化成为业务人员的一种常态工作,并指出实现该模式的关键是要提出一种既易于业务人员学习使用,又易于计算机实现业务流程模型的建模方法。
②针对现有的业务流程建模理论及方法无法直接支持业务人员创建可计算机实现的业务流程模型,以及人们在业务流程全生命周期管理不同阶段需用不同方法重复建模同一业务流程导致模型的一致性难以得到保证等问题,本文提出了业务流程一体化建模概念,并对其定义及内涵进行了探讨,提出业务人员可以用一种方法来统一业务流程全生命周期管理不同阶段的业务流程建模工作;在此基础上,本文给出了业务人员完成业务流程一体化建模的主要步骤及方法,即业务人员按照“过程概念建模→过程仿真建模→过程执行建模”内嵌资源建模、组织建模、功能建模和数据建模的方式,首先用业务流程建模符号(Business Process Modeling Notation,BPMN)可视化描述业务流程得到业务流程概念模型,然后再将业务流程概念模型逐步扩展为业务流程物理模型。
③为支持计算机直接实现BPMN模型,基于业务流程执行是面向“系统”物理实现业务流程这一理念,本文通过改进BPMN符号/元素的语法及语义,和从系统、过程和活动三个层次分析计算机实现业务流程所需信息,设计了一种支持业务流程一体化建模的元模型;在此基础上,基于有限状态机理论,设计了适用于BPMN模型的过程状态机和活动状态机,并采取一个进程同时启动多个线程策略,设计了一种包括Process触发、Process推进、Activity执行、Event处理、Gateway处理五个子机制的业务流程执行机制。
④为支持计算机可以直接仿真BPMN模型,本文基于设计的过程状态机和活动状态机,给出了业务流程动态性能评价指标计算方法;通过扩展定义BPMN流对象元素Process、Activity、Event和Gateway的仿真属性,设计了支持业务流程仿真的元模型;基于现有的离散事件系统仿真理论、方法和技术,采取事件调度法仿真策略,设计了用于BPMN模型的业务流程仿真机制;
⑤为支持计算机形式化分析业务人员创建的BPMN模型是否正确,通过分析现有的工作流模型正确性评价标准,提出以业务流程模型能否被化简为一个良构的原子工作流模式(Well-WCP1)为标准来判断BPMN模型是否正确,并在此基础上设计了相应的工作流模式的形式化编码方法及组合化简规则。
⑥为检验提出的业务流程一体化建模方法是否可行,本文首先面向业务人员设计了一个支持业务流程一体化建模的业务流程管理系统架构;然后开发了一个名为YDLBPMS的业务流程管理原型系统;最后以某公司技术中心的产品研发管理为例,阐述了业务人员如何在该原型系统中完成业务流程一体化建模,以及如何在该原型系统中使用创建的信息系统应用。
With the popularization and deepening of Enterprise Informatization (EI) incessantly, the effection that Information Technology (IT) can enhance enterprise’s capability has been accepted by people. Although many enterprises hope to enhance their capabilities with the help of IT, the high investment and high risk make them be afraid to implement EI. So it is worth for people to study how to settle the informatization paradox that the informatization investment isn’t translated into the IT application, and the IT application doesn’t effectly form the informatization capability, and the formed informatization capability doesn’t produce the ideal business value, and the brought fringe effection of business value deviates the core value which supports enterprise living and developing. The author thinks that we should find out methods how to support enterprise’s business personnel to really participate in the construction of information system applications in technology, not only how to arouse their positiveness in management. Then this article has made the following works.
Aimed at the existing enterprise informatization construction patterns’shortcomings, such as business personnel’s professional ability and IT capability don’t be substantially enhanced, and business personnel’s personal ability and existence value can’t be shown out in information system, and so on, this article has brought out a new informatization construction pattern led by enterprise, and pointed out the key to realize the pattern is that people should find out a method which not only is easy for business personnel to learn and use, but also is used for computer to realize the business process module. The new pattern suggests business personnel to develop the information system applications which can meet their business work needs by the way of defining executable business process module in the information system platform developed by IT personnel. It can make the informazation work become business personnel’s routine.
Aimed at the questions that existing business process theories and methods don’t support business personnel to define executable business module, and people have to use difference methods to duplicatly model the same business process in different phases of the business process whole life circle management, and the consistence of business process modules cann’t be assured, and so on, this article has brought out the conception of business process integration modeling, and discusses the conception’s intension that business personnel can use one method to integrate the business process modelling works in differnce phases of the business process whole life circle management. Based on the above, this article has brought out one method to support business personnel accomplishing the business process integration modeling. The method is that by the way of“process conception modeling→process simulation modeling→process executionmodeling”embedding resource modelig, organization modeling, function modeling and data modeling, business peronnel can visually design the business process to get the coneption module of business process by use of Business Process Modeling Notation(BPMN)firstly, and then extend the coneption module to physical module step by step.
In order to support computer directly realizing BPMN module,based on the idea that business process execution is system-oriented to phisically realize business process, this article has designed a meta-module for business porcess integration modeling. Based on the finited state marchine (FSM) theory, this article has designed the process state marchine and arctivity state marchine which are applied to BPMN module, and designed a business process execution mechanism which consists of five sub-mechanisms, including process triggering, process advancing, activity executing, event handling and gateway handling.
In order to support computer directly simulating BPMN module, this article has discussed how to compute the business process dynamic performance indexes based on the process state marchine and activity state marchine. By extending the simulation properties of BPMN flow-object elements (Process, Activity, Event and Gateway), this article has designed a meta-module to support business process simulation. By adopting the simaulation tactic of event scheduling method, this article has designed a business process simulation mechanism being applied to BPMN module.
In order to check whether the BPMN module defined by business personnel is correct or not, by contrastly analysing the exsiting workflow module correctness evaluating criterion, this article brings out a method to sematically verify the BPMN module by reducing the business process module to a well atom workflow control pattern (Well-WCP1). Based on the above, this article has designed some formal encoding, combining, reducing rules of workflow patterns.
In order to check whether the method of business process integration modeling is feasible or not, this article has designed a business process management system architecture supporting business process integration modeling for business personnel firstly, and then developed a prototype named YDLBPMS of business process management system. Finally, taking the product development management of a company’s technology center for example, this article expounds business personnel how to accomplish business process integration modeling in YDLBPMS, and how to use the applications defined in YDLBPMS.
引文
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