蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组性能及优化研究
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摘要
溴化锂吸收式热泵技术在回收电厂余热、提高电厂的能源利用率和降低温室气体排放量等方面有着不可替代的优势。同时,溴化锂吸收式热泵机组作为空调冷热源时,破坏臭氧层潜能ODP(Ozone-depleting Potential)和地球温升潜能GWP(Global Warming Potential)为零,而且夏季可平衡电力负荷,冬季可回收低温余热、提高机组供热效率。因此,吸收式热泵技术对充分利用废热,优化能源利用结构和实现可持续发展起到不可估量的作用。在此研究背景下,本文对蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组性能及优化进行了研究。
首先,通过对蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组内8个主要换热设备进行热力和传热分析,建立了吸收式热泵机组制冷名义工况、制冷部分负荷工况、制热名义工况和制热部分负荷工况数学模型。由于该数学模型中溴化锂溶液状态点温度和温度取值范围相互制约,采用基于内部映射牛顿法的子空间置信域法进行约束非线性最小求解。
其次,为了验证蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组数学模型,设计制造出样机,并对蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵样机制冷、制热性能及主要溶液状态点热力参数进行了测试。通过比较模拟结果与测试结果,表明建立的蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组数学模型是正确的。
再次,利用蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组数学模型,对四种不同运行模式下机组制冷、制热工况部分负荷性能进行了模拟分析。结果表明,采用冷(热)水进口温度为调节信号,热源蒸汽量与溶液循环量组合式调节法进行冷(热)量调节时,机组性能最优,其中机组制冷部分负荷工况性能系数最高达1.7以上,机组制热部分负荷工况性能系数最高可达2.77。
然后,通过分析蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组内8个主要换热设备的设计传热温差对机组总传热面积和机组性能的影响,以全生命周期成本LCC(Life Cycle Costs)和均值全年费用EUAC(Equivaltent Uniform Annual Costs)为优化目标函数,对机组进行了热经济性优化分析。
最后,根据热电厂中余热资源条件和用户冷、热需求的特点,介绍了两种蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵回收低温余热的应用方式,并以天津市某热电厂辅助建筑的空调冷热源改造工程为例,对蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组作为空调冷热源方案进行了经济、节能分析。结果表明,改造后空调冷热源方案具有较好的经济效益和环保节能效益,在热电厂中可以起到很好的示范作用。
Water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump technology has a large potential for waste heat recovery, improving energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As cooling and heating plant, both ozone-depleting potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) of absorption heat pump are zero, and it can not only balance electric load in summer, but also recoer waste heat in winter. So absorption heat pump technology plays an invaluable role in waste heat recovery, optimization energy structure and sustainable development. For this, performance and optimization of steam operated double effect Water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump are studied in this thesis.
Firstly, according to thermodynamic and heat transfer analysis of eight main heat exchangers of absorption heat pump, coupled simulation models of steam operated double effect lithium bromide absorption heat pump were built at cooling nominal condition, cooling part load condition, heating nominal condition and heating part load condition. Due to their complexity and mutual restraint between lithium bromide solution temperature and concentration range, they were sloved using the subspace trust region method based on Newton.
Secondly, due to validate the simulation models a steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump was designed and a test rig was established to measure the performances of absorption heat pump and the thermodynamic paramenters of its main solution state points. And the accuracy of the predictions was confirmed by the good agreement with experimental data. Thirdly, the performances of double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump were evalutated at the cooling part load, heating nominal and heating part load conditions in four different operational modes. The results show that its part load performance is the best when chilled (hot) water inlet temperature keeps constant and the adjustment method of combine solution circulation rate with steam rate was used. The highest cooling coefficient of performance is 1.7 and the highest heating coefficient of performance gets to 2.77.
Fourthly, steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump system is evaluated to identify the effects of heat transfer temperature differences of eight main heat exchangers at design conditions on its total heat transfer area and its performances. Based on the evaluation results, thermoeconomic optimization analysis was present to optimize the absorption heat pump, aimed at minimizing its life cycle costs (LCC) and equivalent uniform annual costs (EUAC).
Finally, due to the waste heat resources and cooling/heating demand in thermal power plant, two different mode of steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump for waste heat recovery were introduced.And steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump as air conditioning cooling and heating plant was analyzed in an auxiliary building of thermal power plant in Tianjin. The results reveal that absorption heat pump as heating and cooling plant is with economic and environmental benefits, and it can be a good example in thermal power plants.
首先,通过对蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组内8个主要换热设备进行热力和传热分析,建立了吸收式热泵机组制冷名义工况、制冷部分负荷工况、制热名义工况和制热部分负荷工况数学模型。由于该数学模型中溴化锂溶液状态点温度和温度取值范围相互制约,采用基于内部映射牛顿法的子空间置信域法进行约束非线性最小求解。
其次,为了验证蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组数学模型,设计制造出样机,并对蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵样机制冷、制热性能及主要溶液状态点热力参数进行了测试。通过比较模拟结果与测试结果,表明建立的蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组数学模型是正确的。
再次,利用蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组数学模型,对四种不同运行模式下机组制冷、制热工况部分负荷性能进行了模拟分析。结果表明,采用冷(热)水进口温度为调节信号,热源蒸汽量与溶液循环量组合式调节法进行冷(热)量调节时,机组性能最优,其中机组制冷部分负荷工况性能系数最高达1.7以上,机组制热部分负荷工况性能系数最高可达2.77。
然后,通过分析蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组内8个主要换热设备的设计传热温差对机组总传热面积和机组性能的影响,以全生命周期成本LCC(Life Cycle Costs)和均值全年费用EUAC(Equivaltent Uniform Annual Costs)为优化目标函数,对机组进行了热经济性优化分析。
最后,根据热电厂中余热资源条件和用户冷、热需求的特点,介绍了两种蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵回收低温余热的应用方式,并以天津市某热电厂辅助建筑的空调冷热源改造工程为例,对蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组作为空调冷热源方案进行了经济、节能分析。结果表明,改造后空调冷热源方案具有较好的经济效益和环保节能效益,在热电厂中可以起到很好的示范作用。
Water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump technology has a large potential for waste heat recovery, improving energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As cooling and heating plant, both ozone-depleting potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) of absorption heat pump are zero, and it can not only balance electric load in summer, but also recoer waste heat in winter. So absorption heat pump technology plays an invaluable role in waste heat recovery, optimization energy structure and sustainable development. For this, performance and optimization of steam operated double effect Water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump are studied in this thesis.
Firstly, according to thermodynamic and heat transfer analysis of eight main heat exchangers of absorption heat pump, coupled simulation models of steam operated double effect lithium bromide absorption heat pump were built at cooling nominal condition, cooling part load condition, heating nominal condition and heating part load condition. Due to their complexity and mutual restraint between lithium bromide solution temperature and concentration range, they were sloved using the subspace trust region method based on Newton.
Secondly, due to validate the simulation models a steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump was designed and a test rig was established to measure the performances of absorption heat pump and the thermodynamic paramenters of its main solution state points. And the accuracy of the predictions was confirmed by the good agreement with experimental data. Thirdly, the performances of double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump were evalutated at the cooling part load, heating nominal and heating part load conditions in four different operational modes. The results show that its part load performance is the best when chilled (hot) water inlet temperature keeps constant and the adjustment method of combine solution circulation rate with steam rate was used. The highest cooling coefficient of performance is 1.7 and the highest heating coefficient of performance gets to 2.77.
Fourthly, steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump system is evaluated to identify the effects of heat transfer temperature differences of eight main heat exchangers at design conditions on its total heat transfer area and its performances. Based on the evaluation results, thermoeconomic optimization analysis was present to optimize the absorption heat pump, aimed at minimizing its life cycle costs (LCC) and equivalent uniform annual costs (EUAC).
Finally, due to the waste heat resources and cooling/heating demand in thermal power plant, two different mode of steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump for waste heat recovery were introduced.And steam operated double effect water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump as air conditioning cooling and heating plant was analyzed in an auxiliary building of thermal power plant in Tianjin. The results reveal that absorption heat pump as heating and cooling plant is with economic and environmental benefits, and it can be a good example in thermal power plants.
引文
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