轴流旋风分离器数值模拟与实验研究
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摘要
轴向导叶直流旋风分离器(轴流旋风分离器)是一种利用气粒两相流体旋转运动产生的惯性离心力对颗粒进行分离的装置,其主要优点有阻力低、处理气量大、体积小、工艺布局合理、可靠性高等。轴流旋风分离器虽然结构比较简单,但其内部流动为三维强旋湍流运动,并伴随着两相之间的分离,涉及到两相之间的吸附、静电等许多复杂的相互作用,因此在其内部流动机理研究方面遇到很大困难,人们尚未完全掌握旋风分离器内部的流场规律及颗粒分离机理。
本文结合轴流旋风分离器的结构特点,利用数值模拟与实验研究相结合的方法对轴流旋风分离器的流场特性进行详细研究,获得轴流旋风分离器的综合特性,较为全面地掌握旋风分离器的内部流动规律,得到了较为完整的轴流旋风分离器的颗粒分离效率特性。本文主要进行了以下几个方面内容的研究：
1.轴流旋风分离器的阻力特性实验研究,设计轴流旋风分离器并制作实验模型,搭建单管轴流旋风分离器阻力测量风洞实验平台,对轴流旋风分离器整体及主要部件阻力特性进行详细研究,获得了详细的旋风分离器整体及各主要部件的阻力特性,为选择数值模拟方法及验证计算结果提供依据。
2.轴流旋风分离器外筒壁面压力分布特性实验研究,制作轴流旋风分离器壁面压力测量模型,利用高精度压力测试仪器进行全面详细的壁面压力分布特性测量,利用参数量纲化方法进行结果处理,获得轴流旋风分离器外壁面的无量纲压力分布特性,并为验证数值计算方法提供基础。
3.轴流旋风分离器的颗粒分离效率特性实验研究,设计定量加料装置,进行不同物性固体颗粒的分离效率实验,分别进行不同气流速度条件下,轴流旋风分离器对多种固体颗粒的分离效率测试实验,相同速度条件下,不同直径颗粒的分离效率实验,以获得较为完整的轴流旋风分离器的颗粒分离效率特性。
4.根据实验结果选择合理的计算模型,对所研究的轴流旋风分离器流域内气流流动进行较为全面的数值模拟,并对旋风分离器内流场特征参数进行分析处理,获得内流场特征参数的分布规律,此外借助数值模拟获得了轴流旋风分离器的阻力特性,并与实验结果进行比较。
5.利用数值模拟方法获取了轴流旋风分离器内主要流场参数无量纲数值分布特性,并获得了轴流旋风分离器内流场回流边界特性,同时获得了旋流特征参数在分离器内部的分布规律,绘制了旋风分离器内流场特征参数分布图谱。
6.分析轴流旋风分离器内部能耗机理,并提出运行压力、温度对轴流旋风分离器阻力影响的准则公式,并借助数值模拟方法进行验证。
7.进行轴流旋风分离器两相流数值模拟,获得轴流旋风分离器对不同颗粒物的分离效率特性,并与实验数据进行比较,获得了准确的计算边界条件设定方法。
Axial flow cyclone separator with guide blades (ACS) is a kind of device to separate particles from air flow through centrifugal force generated by the rotary motion of two-phase flow. Low resistance, large mass flow throughout, small volume and reasonable process layout are its advantages. ACS's interflow is strong rotational turbulent flow, and fulfilled with many complex conditions, such as dual-phase separation, interaction, adsorption, and electrostatic interference which made lots of obstacles to its mechanical research, although ACS's advantages above. ACS's flow patterns and separate mechanism are still not fully recognized until now.
Experimental study and numerical simulation are combined to do intensive research on ACS's general flow characteristics according to its physical structure in this dissertation. And ACS's characteristics of inter flow field and separation performance to solid particles could be more comprehesively achieved. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The experimental research on the resistance performance of the axial flow cyclone separator. Build a wind tunnel experiment section to measure the resistance performance of the single-tube axial flow cyclone separator. And some detailed study is done on the resistance characteristics of the axial-flow cyclone separator and its main components. Then the detailed resistance characteristic parameters of the whole cyclone separator are well obtained. This lays a foundation for the verification of the numerical simulation.
2. The experimental research on the pressure distribution along the outside wall of the axial cyclone separator. With the help of the high-accuracy pressure measuring instruments, the detailed data of the pressure distribution characteristics on the outside wall were measured. The results are disposed with the non-dimensional method. Also the pressure distribution characteristics of the cyclone separator are obtained. This provides a basis for validating the numerical simulation results.
3. The experimental research on different solid particles separation efficiency of the axial flow cyclone separator. Design a quantificational feeding device to do some experiments on the separation efficiency of different solid particles. Do experiments on separation efficiency of the different granules under different inlet velocity conditions and the separation efficiency of the granules with different diameters under the same inlet velocity respectively. Finally, the more complete separation efficiency characteristics of the axial flow cyclone separator are obtained.
4. The suitable numerical simulation method is selected according to the experimental results. The detailed and general numerical simulation is conducted on the internal flow field of the axial flow cyclone separator. And analyse the distributon of several typical flow parameters of the internal flow field. Then we obtain the distribution law of the flow field characteristic parameters. The resistance of the cyclone separator is obtained by numerical simulation method, and compared with the experimental results. The numerical simulation results are consistent to the experiment. With the help of numerical simulation, it conducts the research on the effect of the operation pressure and the temperature on the performance of the cyclone separator.
5. Utilizing the numerical simulation method, obtain the non-dimensional flow pattern distribution characteristics, back flow boundary characteristics of the internal flow field, and the characteristic parameters distribution of the swirling number in the interior of the axial flow cyclone separator.
6. Analyzing the mechanism of the internal energy loss inside the axial flow cyclone separator. Also criteria formula of running pressure and temperature to ACS's resistance is put forward and verified through numerical simulation.
7. Doing two-phase flow simulation inside the axial flow cyclone separator and obtaining the grade separation efficiency. Comparision between the simulation result and experimental data show that boundary conditions used in two-phase simulation is reasonable.
本文结合轴流旋风分离器的结构特点,利用数值模拟与实验研究相结合的方法对轴流旋风分离器的流场特性进行详细研究,获得轴流旋风分离器的综合特性,较为全面地掌握旋风分离器的内部流动规律,得到了较为完整的轴流旋风分离器的颗粒分离效率特性。本文主要进行了以下几个方面内容的研究：
1.轴流旋风分离器的阻力特性实验研究,设计轴流旋风分离器并制作实验模型,搭建单管轴流旋风分离器阻力测量风洞实验平台,对轴流旋风分离器整体及主要部件阻力特性进行详细研究,获得了详细的旋风分离器整体及各主要部件的阻力特性,为选择数值模拟方法及验证计算结果提供依据。
2.轴流旋风分离器外筒壁面压力分布特性实验研究,制作轴流旋风分离器壁面压力测量模型,利用高精度压力测试仪器进行全面详细的壁面压力分布特性测量,利用参数量纲化方法进行结果处理,获得轴流旋风分离器外壁面的无量纲压力分布特性,并为验证数值计算方法提供基础。
3.轴流旋风分离器的颗粒分离效率特性实验研究,设计定量加料装置,进行不同物性固体颗粒的分离效率实验,分别进行不同气流速度条件下,轴流旋风分离器对多种固体颗粒的分离效率测试实验,相同速度条件下,不同直径颗粒的分离效率实验,以获得较为完整的轴流旋风分离器的颗粒分离效率特性。
4.根据实验结果选择合理的计算模型,对所研究的轴流旋风分离器流域内气流流动进行较为全面的数值模拟,并对旋风分离器内流场特征参数进行分析处理,获得内流场特征参数的分布规律,此外借助数值模拟获得了轴流旋风分离器的阻力特性,并与实验结果进行比较。
5.利用数值模拟方法获取了轴流旋风分离器内主要流场参数无量纲数值分布特性,并获得了轴流旋风分离器内流场回流边界特性,同时获得了旋流特征参数在分离器内部的分布规律,绘制了旋风分离器内流场特征参数分布图谱。
6.分析轴流旋风分离器内部能耗机理,并提出运行压力、温度对轴流旋风分离器阻力影响的准则公式,并借助数值模拟方法进行验证。
7.进行轴流旋风分离器两相流数值模拟,获得轴流旋风分离器对不同颗粒物的分离效率特性,并与实验数据进行比较,获得了准确的计算边界条件设定方法。
Axial flow cyclone separator with guide blades (ACS) is a kind of device to separate particles from air flow through centrifugal force generated by the rotary motion of two-phase flow. Low resistance, large mass flow throughout, small volume and reasonable process layout are its advantages. ACS's interflow is strong rotational turbulent flow, and fulfilled with many complex conditions, such as dual-phase separation, interaction, adsorption, and electrostatic interference which made lots of obstacles to its mechanical research, although ACS's advantages above. ACS's flow patterns and separate mechanism are still not fully recognized until now.
Experimental study and numerical simulation are combined to do intensive research on ACS's general flow characteristics according to its physical structure in this dissertation. And ACS's characteristics of inter flow field and separation performance to solid particles could be more comprehesively achieved. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The experimental research on the resistance performance of the axial flow cyclone separator. Build a wind tunnel experiment section to measure the resistance performance of the single-tube axial flow cyclone separator. And some detailed study is done on the resistance characteristics of the axial-flow cyclone separator and its main components. Then the detailed resistance characteristic parameters of the whole cyclone separator are well obtained. This lays a foundation for the verification of the numerical simulation.
2. The experimental research on the pressure distribution along the outside wall of the axial cyclone separator. With the help of the high-accuracy pressure measuring instruments, the detailed data of the pressure distribution characteristics on the outside wall were measured. The results are disposed with the non-dimensional method. Also the pressure distribution characteristics of the cyclone separator are obtained. This provides a basis for validating the numerical simulation results.
3. The experimental research on different solid particles separation efficiency of the axial flow cyclone separator. Design a quantificational feeding device to do some experiments on the separation efficiency of different solid particles. Do experiments on separation efficiency of the different granules under different inlet velocity conditions and the separation efficiency of the granules with different diameters under the same inlet velocity respectively. Finally, the more complete separation efficiency characteristics of the axial flow cyclone separator are obtained.
4. The suitable numerical simulation method is selected according to the experimental results. The detailed and general numerical simulation is conducted on the internal flow field of the axial flow cyclone separator. And analyse the distributon of several typical flow parameters of the internal flow field. Then we obtain the distribution law of the flow field characteristic parameters. The resistance of the cyclone separator is obtained by numerical simulation method, and compared with the experimental results. The numerical simulation results are consistent to the experiment. With the help of numerical simulation, it conducts the research on the effect of the operation pressure and the temperature on the performance of the cyclone separator.
5. Utilizing the numerical simulation method, obtain the non-dimensional flow pattern distribution characteristics, back flow boundary characteristics of the internal flow field, and the characteristic parameters distribution of the swirling number in the interior of the axial flow cyclone separator.
6. Analyzing the mechanism of the internal energy loss inside the axial flow cyclone separator. Also criteria formula of running pressure and temperature to ACS's resistance is put forward and verified through numerical simulation.
7. Doing two-phase flow simulation inside the axial flow cyclone separator and obtaining the grade separation efficiency. Comparision between the simulation result and experimental data show that boundary conditions used in two-phase simulation is reasonable.
引文
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