基于千兆以太网的光电经纬仪分布式实时通讯系统的研究
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摘要
光电测控系统是20世纪50年代后期发展应用的非常重要的靶场测量系统。光电经纬仪是光电测控系统中的主要测量设备,通过光学摄影、可见光/红外电视跟踪测量、激光/雷达测距等手段精确获得空中飞行目标的飞行轨迹和飞行姿态,具有测量精度高、可实时跟踪、直观性强(可记录目标图像)、抗干扰能力强等优点,是航空、航天和武器测控系统中重要的测量设备。在进行测量实验时,一般需要组织多台光电经纬仪以及引导雷达、弹道相机等辅助设备协同工作,组成光电测控系统,才能完成测量任务。目前,更多的仍然只是通过靶场的实验网络,采用传统的简单互连模式组建光电测控系统。随着以太网技术的发展,通过以太网将光电经纬仪及其辅助设备集成为先进合理的靶场光电测量系统是下一步发展的重点和方向。本文从以太网网络体系结构的角度出发,对以太网在光电测控系统中的应用进行了探讨。
论文首先阐述了课题研究背景以及研究意义,对光电测控系统和以太网技术的发展情况进行了分析总结,对国内外在光电测控系统网络化方面的研究状况进行了概括。然后从通信时延组成、时延确定性分析、实时特性分析、网络拓扑结构设计、实时调度算法、软硬件实现与仿真等几个方面展开研究工作:
分析了全双工交换式以太网的体系结构和工作原理,采用全双工交换式以太网建立了光电测控系统的拓扑结构,对光电测控系统通信过程中的时延组成进行了细致的研究,对通信过程中的所有时延分量进行了定性分析,研究得出影响系统时延的主要因素。针对时延主要分量,研究光电测控系统网络通信的时延上限,并得到了最大时延数学表达式。利用网络演算方法对基于交换式以太网的光电测控系统的时延进行确定性分析。针对光电测控系统的通信特点,建立了光电测控系统网络化的拓扑结构和通信模型,利用服务曲线理论计算通信系统提供给数据流的服务曲线,最后得到系统服务曲线、时延和缓存器大小的精确解析表达式。并能够用来分析整个网络在满足数据流性能要求情况下所能够承受的最大负载。
根据光电测控系统中数据实时性要求的不同,对数据进行优先级分类,引入实时调度算法,对多个数据同时访问同一个节点时的产生的排队进行调度。降低高实时性数据的通信延迟,保证高实时性数据的实时要求,提高系统整体的实时性能。
网络仿真是进行网络协议分析和结构设计的有效方法。OPNET就是网络仿真的主流软件之一。论文采用OPNET对研究的系统进行了建模与仿真,介绍了OPNET的发展状况,介绍了建模方法,给出了仿真结果。
对论文中的理论和方法进行了仿真和实验研究,设计了通用的嵌入式设备千兆以太网接口接入模块和串口通信服务器,解决光电测控系统各个分系统的以太网络接入问题;设计了通讯协议,开发了光电测控系统图像数据网络传输模块,编写上位机软件实现了图像数据远程网络下载。通过上述硬件平台可以实现光电测控系统的网络化设计。
Photoelectric measurement&control system is allimportant measuring system for shooting range, developed and applied after being 50's in 20 centuries. Photoelectric theodolite is very important equipment in aviation, aerospace and weapon measuring system, accurately acquires flight track and flight carriage of inflight target through optical photograph, visible/infrared tracking measurement, laser/radar measurement etc, advantage in accurately measure, real-time track, good view (can record target image), strong anti-jamming etc. Generally, need to organize several photoelectric theodolites, guiding radar and ballistic camera etc, constitute, work cooperating to complete measure mission. Along with the development of Ethernet, integrate photoelectric theodolites and its assistance equipments into an advanced and reasonable photoelectric measurement&control system through Ethernet, is the next development point and direction. Currently, most of the photoelectric measurement&control systems still use the traditional and simple mode connecting each other through the experiment network of range. This thesis discusses the application of Ethernet in photoelectric measurement&control system from the angle of network architecture.
Firstly, the research background and significance of this thesis are elaborated, the development of photoelectric measurement&control system and Ethernet are summarized, the domestic and outside research status of networked photoelectric measurement&control system are generalized. Then, we research in communicate delay constituent, delay determinately analyze, real-time analyze, network topology design, scheduling algorithm, software hardware realization etc.
The architecture and work principle of traditional Ethernet and switched Ethernet are discussed, the communicate delay constituent of switched Ethernet are researched, all parts of delay are made qualitative analysis, the main factor for influencing system delay are elicited. The maximum communicate delay of switched Ethernet is researched, and the maximum delay mathematic expression is derived.
Network calculus is adopted to determinately analyze the delay of photoelectric measurement&control system based on switched Ethernet. According to the communicate characteristics of photoelectric measurement&control system, the topology and communicate model of photoelectric measurement&control system are built up, the service curves of communicate system for stream are calculated through the theory of service curve, finally, the precise parse expression of system service curve, delay, buffer size are derived, and can also analyze the carrying capacity of network load under the situation satisfying stream performance.
According to the different request of different data of photoelectric measurement&control system, the data is classified for different priority, real-time scheduling algorithm is proposed. Schedule the queue when multiple packets are sent to one destination in switch. Reduce the delay of higher real-time packets, satisfy the request of real-time packets; advance the real-time capability of whole system.
Network simulation is a valid method for network protocol analyzes and network architecture design. The OPNET is one of the network simulation software. This thesis adoption OPNET carried on to set up a mold and imitate to the system that we study really, introduced OPNET development condition, introduced the method to set up a mold and give the simulation results.
The theories and methods in this thesis are simulated and experimented, proposed a universal design and implementation program for embedded devices Gigabit Ethernet interface and a real-time serial server was designed, resolve the network interface connecting problem of photoelectric measurement&control system; Designed communication protocol, developed image transfer module of photoelectric measurement&control system, a software is designed to acquire image data through Gigabit Ethernet. Photoelectric measurement&control system based on Gigabit Ethernet can be realized via the above-mentioned hardware platform.
论文首先阐述了课题研究背景以及研究意义,对光电测控系统和以太网技术的发展情况进行了分析总结,对国内外在光电测控系统网络化方面的研究状况进行了概括。然后从通信时延组成、时延确定性分析、实时特性分析、网络拓扑结构设计、实时调度算法、软硬件实现与仿真等几个方面展开研究工作:
分析了全双工交换式以太网的体系结构和工作原理,采用全双工交换式以太网建立了光电测控系统的拓扑结构,对光电测控系统通信过程中的时延组成进行了细致的研究,对通信过程中的所有时延分量进行了定性分析,研究得出影响系统时延的主要因素。针对时延主要分量,研究光电测控系统网络通信的时延上限,并得到了最大时延数学表达式。利用网络演算方法对基于交换式以太网的光电测控系统的时延进行确定性分析。针对光电测控系统的通信特点,建立了光电测控系统网络化的拓扑结构和通信模型,利用服务曲线理论计算通信系统提供给数据流的服务曲线,最后得到系统服务曲线、时延和缓存器大小的精确解析表达式。并能够用来分析整个网络在满足数据流性能要求情况下所能够承受的最大负载。
根据光电测控系统中数据实时性要求的不同,对数据进行优先级分类,引入实时调度算法,对多个数据同时访问同一个节点时的产生的排队进行调度。降低高实时性数据的通信延迟,保证高实时性数据的实时要求,提高系统整体的实时性能。
网络仿真是进行网络协议分析和结构设计的有效方法。OPNET就是网络仿真的主流软件之一。论文采用OPNET对研究的系统进行了建模与仿真,介绍了OPNET的发展状况,介绍了建模方法,给出了仿真结果。
对论文中的理论和方法进行了仿真和实验研究,设计了通用的嵌入式设备千兆以太网接口接入模块和串口通信服务器,解决光电测控系统各个分系统的以太网络接入问题;设计了通讯协议,开发了光电测控系统图像数据网络传输模块,编写上位机软件实现了图像数据远程网络下载。通过上述硬件平台可以实现光电测控系统的网络化设计。
Photoelectric measurement&control system is allimportant measuring system for shooting range, developed and applied after being 50's in 20 centuries. Photoelectric theodolite is very important equipment in aviation, aerospace and weapon measuring system, accurately acquires flight track and flight carriage of inflight target through optical photograph, visible/infrared tracking measurement, laser/radar measurement etc, advantage in accurately measure, real-time track, good view (can record target image), strong anti-jamming etc. Generally, need to organize several photoelectric theodolites, guiding radar and ballistic camera etc, constitute, work cooperating to complete measure mission. Along with the development of Ethernet, integrate photoelectric theodolites and its assistance equipments into an advanced and reasonable photoelectric measurement&control system through Ethernet, is the next development point and direction. Currently, most of the photoelectric measurement&control systems still use the traditional and simple mode connecting each other through the experiment network of range. This thesis discusses the application of Ethernet in photoelectric measurement&control system from the angle of network architecture.
Firstly, the research background and significance of this thesis are elaborated, the development of photoelectric measurement&control system and Ethernet are summarized, the domestic and outside research status of networked photoelectric measurement&control system are generalized. Then, we research in communicate delay constituent, delay determinately analyze, real-time analyze, network topology design, scheduling algorithm, software hardware realization etc.
The architecture and work principle of traditional Ethernet and switched Ethernet are discussed, the communicate delay constituent of switched Ethernet are researched, all parts of delay are made qualitative analysis, the main factor for influencing system delay are elicited. The maximum communicate delay of switched Ethernet is researched, and the maximum delay mathematic expression is derived.
Network calculus is adopted to determinately analyze the delay of photoelectric measurement&control system based on switched Ethernet. According to the communicate characteristics of photoelectric measurement&control system, the topology and communicate model of photoelectric measurement&control system are built up, the service curves of communicate system for stream are calculated through the theory of service curve, finally, the precise parse expression of system service curve, delay, buffer size are derived, and can also analyze the carrying capacity of network load under the situation satisfying stream performance.
According to the different request of different data of photoelectric measurement&control system, the data is classified for different priority, real-time scheduling algorithm is proposed. Schedule the queue when multiple packets are sent to one destination in switch. Reduce the delay of higher real-time packets, satisfy the request of real-time packets; advance the real-time capability of whole system.
Network simulation is a valid method for network protocol analyzes and network architecture design. The OPNET is one of the network simulation software. This thesis adoption OPNET carried on to set up a mold and imitate to the system that we study really, introduced OPNET development condition, introduced the method to set up a mold and give the simulation results.
The theories and methods in this thesis are simulated and experimented, proposed a universal design and implementation program for embedded devices Gigabit Ethernet interface and a real-time serial server was designed, resolve the network interface connecting problem of photoelectric measurement&control system; Designed communication protocol, developed image transfer module of photoelectric measurement&control system, a software is designed to acquire image data through Gigabit Ethernet. Photoelectric measurement&control system based on Gigabit Ethernet can be realized via the above-mentioned hardware platform.
引文
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