氯碱化工产业共生网络规划与评价研究
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摘要
产业共生是产业生态学的一个重要研究领域,它能够实现企业之间的物质、能量、水、废弃物和副产品的交换使用,能够减少CO2的排放,缓解全球变暖的趋势,实现化石燃料和能源的可持续利用,是实现经济与环境的“Win-Win”的有效途径。氯碱化工产业是传统的“三高一低”产业,本文通过科学规划氯碱化工产业共生网络并对其运行情况进行评价,帮助企业走可持续的发展道路。本文取得了如下创新性研究成果:
1)研究了氯碱化工产业共生网络模式,包括主导型、平等型、混合型和虚拟型四种,并分析各种模式的主要特点、优缺点、适用性,以及在资源节约、副产品利用和废弃物处理等方面差异性。通过对产业共生网络模式的分析证实了产业共生具有较好的经济、环境和社会效益。由于氯碱化工企业B规模比较小,所在地区没有资源优势,缺少足够的资金进行上游或下游业务的拓展,适合于以氯碱化工企业为核心的主导型产业共生网络的规划与建设。此外,还具体分析了氯碱化工企业B目前的氯元素流的流动过程,发现元素利用率较低的环节,为规划设计与改进措施和延伸产品链提供了定量依据。
2)提出了氯碱化工的副产品液氯的深加工和废弃物电石渣的综合利用方案。液氯下游产品众多,如何选择合适的产品需要有一个合理科学的筛选和评价过程。本文提出了一个多产品方案筛选-评价模型,首先从市场原则、环境与产业政策和企业实际需求三个方面进行筛选,然后从经济、社会和环境三个方面建立评价指标体系,选取市场前景、预期投资利润率、产业政策支持度、区域协同度、工艺技术难度、清洁技术水平、耗氯量、耗碱量8个指标,采用投影法对筛选出的产品方案进行评价。然后分析废弃物电石渣制水泥项目的技术、经济和社会效益,以及项目存在的风险。最后,从生产单元、回收单元和环境单元三个方面构建了元素流环境影响模型,该模型能够分析产业共生方案的元素流自然资源利用率和废弃物排放量,结果表明产业共生网络提高了自然资源利用率并减少了废弃物的排放。
3)氯碱化工生态工业园是以产业共生网络为基础建立的,本文从经济指标、物质减量与循环、污染控制、生态环境指标和园区管理指标五个方面构建生态工业综合评价的指标体系;采用层次分析法确定了各个指标的权重,并利用模糊综合评价法计算生态工业综合评价的评价值,并分析生态工业园存在的优势和不足。
Industrial symbiosis is an important research field of Industrial ecology, which can facilitate the exchange use of the material, energy, water, waste and by-products between different corporations, the reduction of CO2 emissions, the relief of global warming, and sustainable use of fossil fuels to obtain an effective way of achieving win-win s ituation be tween e conomy a nd the environment. C hlor-alkali che mical industry is the traditional "three high and one low" industry. A scientific plan for the industrial symbiosis network of chlor-alkali chemical industry is studied in this paper, in addition of the evaluation on the operation situation.
1) A model of industrial symbiosis network in the chlor-alkali chemical industry was studied, including the leading type, equality-based, hybrid and virtual. The main features of various models were analyzed, in addition of the differences in resource conservation, us e of b y-product a nd w aste di sposal. T he be nefits of i ndustrial symbiosis on economic, environmental and social effects were confirmed in term of the analysis on the model of industrial symbiosis network. The chlor-alkali chemical industry B is relatively small-scale, without resource advantages and sufficient funds for the expansion of upstream or downstream business, which led to the leading type of industrial symbiosis networks with the chlor-alkali chemical industry as the core role. The analysis on the current flow of chlorine in chlor-alkali chemical industry B showed lower utilization part in the process, which provided a quantitative basis for design improvements and extension of the product chain.
2) A comprehensive utilization scheme of by-product of chlorine alkali chemical, liquid chlorine and the waste of chlorine alkali chemical, carbide slag was obtained. How to choose the rational products from a number of downstream products of liquid chlorine should rely on a reasonable scientific screening and evaluation process. This paper presents a m ulti-product Screening-Evaluating Model, first selected from the market principle, environment and industrial policies and actual needs of enterprises, and t hen e valuation i ndex system es tablished f rom t he econom ic, social and environmental di mensions, w ith t he m arket pr ospects, e xpected pr ofit r ate of investment, industrial policy support, degree of regional coordination, the difficulty of process t echnology, c lean t echnology, t he consumption of c hlorine, a lkali consumption as the indicators, by the project method, followed by the analysis on the technical, economic, social benefits and the risks of the waste, carbide slag, made into cement. Finally, a model of the environment influenced by the chemical element flow was set up from the production unit, recovery unit and the environmental unit that can analyze the elements of the program flow of industrial symbiosis of natural resource utilization and waste emissions, and the results showed that the industrial symbiosis network can improve the natural resource utilization and reducing waste emissions.
3) Chlor-Alkali Chemical Industrial Ecological Industrial Park is established on the basis of the symbiotic network. A comprehensive evaluation indicator system was established from the economic indicators, material reduction and recycling, pollution control, eco-environmental indicators and indicators of park management with the weight of e ach i ndicator de termined b y AHP, a nd e co-industrial va lue of comprehensive evaluation calculated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the advantages and deficiencies of the eco-industry park.
1)研究了氯碱化工产业共生网络模式,包括主导型、平等型、混合型和虚拟型四种,并分析各种模式的主要特点、优缺点、适用性,以及在资源节约、副产品利用和废弃物处理等方面差异性。通过对产业共生网络模式的分析证实了产业共生具有较好的经济、环境和社会效益。由于氯碱化工企业B规模比较小,所在地区没有资源优势,缺少足够的资金进行上游或下游业务的拓展,适合于以氯碱化工企业为核心的主导型产业共生网络的规划与建设。此外,还具体分析了氯碱化工企业B目前的氯元素流的流动过程,发现元素利用率较低的环节,为规划设计与改进措施和延伸产品链提供了定量依据。
2)提出了氯碱化工的副产品液氯的深加工和废弃物电石渣的综合利用方案。液氯下游产品众多,如何选择合适的产品需要有一个合理科学的筛选和评价过程。本文提出了一个多产品方案筛选-评价模型,首先从市场原则、环境与产业政策和企业实际需求三个方面进行筛选,然后从经济、社会和环境三个方面建立评价指标体系,选取市场前景、预期投资利润率、产业政策支持度、区域协同度、工艺技术难度、清洁技术水平、耗氯量、耗碱量8个指标,采用投影法对筛选出的产品方案进行评价。然后分析废弃物电石渣制水泥项目的技术、经济和社会效益,以及项目存在的风险。最后,从生产单元、回收单元和环境单元三个方面构建了元素流环境影响模型,该模型能够分析产业共生方案的元素流自然资源利用率和废弃物排放量,结果表明产业共生网络提高了自然资源利用率并减少了废弃物的排放。
3)氯碱化工生态工业园是以产业共生网络为基础建立的,本文从经济指标、物质减量与循环、污染控制、生态环境指标和园区管理指标五个方面构建生态工业综合评价的指标体系;采用层次分析法确定了各个指标的权重,并利用模糊综合评价法计算生态工业综合评价的评价值,并分析生态工业园存在的优势和不足。
Industrial symbiosis is an important research field of Industrial ecology, which can facilitate the exchange use of the material, energy, water, waste and by-products between different corporations, the reduction of CO2 emissions, the relief of global warming, and sustainable use of fossil fuels to obtain an effective way of achieving win-win s ituation be tween e conomy a nd the environment. C hlor-alkali che mical industry is the traditional "three high and one low" industry. A scientific plan for the industrial symbiosis network of chlor-alkali chemical industry is studied in this paper, in addition of the evaluation on the operation situation.
1) A model of industrial symbiosis network in the chlor-alkali chemical industry was studied, including the leading type, equality-based, hybrid and virtual. The main features of various models were analyzed, in addition of the differences in resource conservation, us e of b y-product a nd w aste di sposal. T he be nefits of i ndustrial symbiosis on economic, environmental and social effects were confirmed in term of the analysis on the model of industrial symbiosis network. The chlor-alkali chemical industry B is relatively small-scale, without resource advantages and sufficient funds for the expansion of upstream or downstream business, which led to the leading type of industrial symbiosis networks with the chlor-alkali chemical industry as the core role. The analysis on the current flow of chlorine in chlor-alkali chemical industry B showed lower utilization part in the process, which provided a quantitative basis for design improvements and extension of the product chain.
2) A comprehensive utilization scheme of by-product of chlorine alkali chemical, liquid chlorine and the waste of chlorine alkali chemical, carbide slag was obtained. How to choose the rational products from a number of downstream products of liquid chlorine should rely on a reasonable scientific screening and evaluation process. This paper presents a m ulti-product Screening-Evaluating Model, first selected from the market principle, environment and industrial policies and actual needs of enterprises, and t hen e valuation i ndex system es tablished f rom t he econom ic, social and environmental di mensions, w ith t he m arket pr ospects, e xpected pr ofit r ate of investment, industrial policy support, degree of regional coordination, the difficulty of process t echnology, c lean t echnology, t he consumption of c hlorine, a lkali consumption as the indicators, by the project method, followed by the analysis on the technical, economic, social benefits and the risks of the waste, carbide slag, made into cement. Finally, a model of the environment influenced by the chemical element flow was set up from the production unit, recovery unit and the environmental unit that can analyze the elements of the program flow of industrial symbiosis of natural resource utilization and waste emissions, and the results showed that the industrial symbiosis network can improve the natural resource utilization and reducing waste emissions.
3) Chlor-Alkali Chemical Industrial Ecological Industrial Park is established on the basis of the symbiotic network. A comprehensive evaluation indicator system was established from the economic indicators, material reduction and recycling, pollution control, eco-environmental indicators and indicators of park management with the weight of e ach i ndicator de termined b y AHP, a nd e co-industrial va lue of comprehensive evaluation calculated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the advantages and deficiencies of the eco-industry park.
引文
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