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中国钢铁市场价格博弈及其复杂性研究
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摘要
本文在国内外研究工作的基础上,综合运用管理学理论,经济学理论和非线性动力学理论,来分忻中国钢铁市场中的冷轧钢板市场以及管线钢市场价格竞争的复杂性。本文首先基于非线性需求函数建立伯川德模型,借助混沌理论得到了系统关于纳什均衡点的局部稳定区域,利用数值模拟的方法来体现系统的复杂动力学行为,睹如通向混沌的道路—倍周期分岔,混沌的特征—具有混沌吸引子以及系统对初值的敏感依赖性等。在此基础上利用系统变量的状态反馈和参数调节的控制策略对每种混沌市场进行混沌控制。本文的研究结果可以为今后我国钢铁行业的定价问题提供借鉴与参考。
     l、本文把博弈论和混沌动力学理论相结合分别应用到具有典型寡头垄断特征的冷轧钢板市场以及管线钢市场定价问题的研究中来,做到了具体问题具体分忻。考虑到不同种类型钢板市场竞争情形的区别,分别建立了模型,并引入了价格调整参数来模拟其价格演化过程。
     2、在研究冷轧钢板市场的寡头博弈过程时,基于伯川德博弈模型分别建立了二寡头和三寡头博弈模型,并对系统进行复杂性分忻。考虑到钢铁价格与需求量并非具有简单的线性关系,本文在非线性需求函数的基础上建立价格博弈模型。这使得模型更加贴近现实,其形式与以住也有所区别,从而在理论上也扩展了离散型非线性动力系统的形式。
     3、在首钢进入冷轧钢板市场竞争的初期,首钢与宝钢、鞍钢的需求关系结构会有所区别。此外,三寡头企业通常会信息不对称,并且各自决策者对信息的处理能力也不尽相同。因此,本文把不同结构需求函数和不同价格决策等因素引入到伯川德模型中,建立三寡头价格博弈模型,使得模型更加贴近竞争初期的市场,以此为基础来研究竞争初期三寡头博弈过程的复杂性。
     4、在研究管线钢市场的寡头博弈过程时,考虑到武钢、宝钢的品牌效应以及产品的质量性能具有差别,而这种差别可用价钱来度量,基于此建立了需求函数,并在此基础上建立了二寡头博弈模型,此模型是结合现实意义的前提下建立的,有较好的理论和实际应用价值。最后又对三寡头价格博弈进行展望,建立了三寡头博弈模型。
Based on the research at home and abroad, this dissertation uses management theory, economic theory and nonlinear dynamics theory to analyze the complexity of price competition in Chinese cold-rolled steel market and pipeline steel market. Firstly, Bertrand models are established which are based on non-linear demand functions. Secondly, the dissertation uses complexity theory to get local stable region of Nash equilibrium point and uses numerical simulation to describe the complex behavior of dynamic systems, such as period doubling bifurcations, chaos attractors, and sensitive dependence on initial values and so on. Finally, parameters adjustment control method is adopted to control each chaotic market and makes the chaotic state of price stable at the equilibrium state. The analysis and results are valuable for Chinese steel market.
     1 This dissertation introduces game theory and nonlinear dynamic theory into the study of pricing strategy in Chinese cold-rolled steel market and pipeline market which are typical oligopoly. Because their situation of market competition is different, the price game models of cold-rolled steel market and pipeline market are established respectively. Parameters of price adjustment speed are introduced to simulate the process of price evolution.
     2 This dissertation establishes duopoly and triopoly price game models in cold rolled steel market and analyzes the complexity of system. Due to relationship between steel price and demand is not simply linear, the dissertation establishes price game models on the basis of nonlinear demand functions which are different from the previous research. The models are closer to reality. Moreover, they extend the form of discrete nonlinear dynamic systems in theory.
     3 When Shougang Group just enters into the cold rolled steel market, the demand relationship structure of triopoly will be different. In addition, three companies usually grasp asymmetric information and their ability to process information is not the same. Therefore, this dissertation proposes a triopoly game model with different rationality and different structure of demand functions which can describe triopoly price competition when Shougang Group just enters into cold rolled steel market. It is closer to reality. Then on the basis of the model the dissertation analyzes the complexity of triopoly game process.
     4 Taking into account the measurable differences in brand of products and performance of pipeline project between Wuhan Iron and Steel group and Baosteel group, the dissertation establishes demand functions. On this basis, duopoly price game model is built. It is of good theoretical and practical value. In addition, the dissertation looks ahead triopoly game and builds triopoly price game models.
引文
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