小八角莲活性成分提取分离、质量控制及药效研究
|
摘要
中药活性成分研究是当前药学领域的热点课题。采用现代化学手段开展中药活性成分质量控制、提取分离和药效研究是中药现代化研究的重要内容。小八角莲是小檗科八角莲属植物,在湖南省广泛分布,根和根茎入药,具有清热解毒,散结祛瘀功效,用于治疗淋巴结炎、腮腺炎和肺炎等,疗效确切。但关于小八角莲的相关研究十分少见。为了充分发挥湖南资源特色,深入开发利用小八角莲植物资源优势,本论文从化学成分、质量控制、活性成分提取分离和药效评价等方面对小八角莲开展了较系统而全面的研究,获得了一批较有价值的研究成果,为小八角莲植物资源产业化利用打下了坚实基础。
1、首次开展小八角莲化学成分研究,并明确了主要化学成分。
应用现代色谱技术对小八角莲的乙醇提取物进行了系统的分离,从中分离得到了木脂素、黄酮类等共6种化合物,通过经典的化学方法和各种现代波谱学技术(UV, IR, EI-MS, FAB-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR等)进行了结构鉴定。木脂素类成分主要为鬼臼毒素和4＇-去甲基鬼臼毒素。黄酮类成分主要为山奈酚、槲皮素、槲皮苷和芦丁。以上6种化学成分均为首次从小八角莲中分离得到。
2、系统研究小八角莲质量控制,并制订质量标准草案。
依据《中国药典》,对小八角莲来源、性状、鉴别、检查和含量测定等质量控制项目进行了系统研究。确定了小八角莲的来源与性状特征；建立了小八角莲粉末显微鉴别和活性成分-鬼臼毒素和槲皮素的薄层色谱鉴别方法；明确了小八角莲检查杂质不得过2%,水分不得过15%,重金属不得过百万分之五,砷盐不得过百万分之二；采用高效液相色谱法建立了小八角莲活性成分鬼臼毒素含量测定方法,以C18为固定相,甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(60：40)为流动相,室温,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长为292nm,线性范围0.20-2.00μg相关系数r=0.9999,平均加样回收率为100.23%,RSD为0.99%。在此基础上,制订了小八角莲质量标准草案。
3、首次开展小八角莲指纹图谱研究,考察不同产地小八角莲整体性化学表征差异。
建立了小八角莲HPLC色谱指纹图谱研究方法：以甲醇为提取溶媒,采用超声波提取法制各样品溶液。检测波长254 nm,其他色谱条件与含量测定相同。该方法所得指纹图谱稳定性好、响应峰多、吸收强、特征明显,所测组分均达到基线分离,可作为小八角莲指纹图谱研究方法。以湖南、湖北、贵州等7个产区的131批药材为材料,对不同供试品所得指纹图谱进行分析,共标定了13个特征峰。将样品色谱图与对照品色谱图进行比对,可确定1号峰、3号峰、7号峰、10号峰和12号峰分别为芦丁、槲皮苷、槲皮素、鬼臼毒素和山奈酚。指纹图谱相似度采用自主开发的“色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”进行计算,全国不同产地小八角莲样品的平均相似度为0.965±0.018。
采用主成分分析法(PCA)分析表明：药材指纹图谱相似度大小与其产地有关,地理位置越接近,药材相似度越高。
4、开展木脂素类活性成分鬼臼毒素提取分离研究,获得了鬼臼毒素制备新工艺。
采用乙醇回流提取和C02超临界萃取法,开展木脂素类活性成分鬼臼毒素提取工艺研究。结果,醇回流提取小八角莲提取率显著高于C02超临界萃取法。鬼臼毒素最佳提取工艺是,以80%乙醇为提取溶媒,沸水浴连续回流提取2次,第一次加9倍量溶媒,提取60分钟,第二次加7倍量溶媒,提取45分钟。
采用大孔树脂分离技术分离纯化木脂素类活性成分鬼臼毒素。大孔树脂分离纯化最佳条件为：选择HPD-100、LSA-5B和HPD-400大孔吸附树脂作为上柱树脂,上样浓度为4.81mg/ml(相当于原生药),先以蒸馏水,10%乙醇除去杂质,再有70%乙醇洗脱,收集70%乙醇洗脱部分。鬼臼毒素在总固形物中的百分含量可达80%以上。
5、研究鬼臼毒素抗胃癌SGC7901细胞株的作用,为鬼臼毒素用于临床治疗胃癌提供依据。
不同浓度的鬼臼毒素(0,5,10,20和50μg/m1)处理SGC7901细胞后,采用MTT比色法和平板克隆形成实验检测细胞的增殖；采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡；裸鼠成瘤实验检测鬼臼毒素对SGC7901细胞体内致瘤能力的影响。
鬼臼毒素呈时间与剂量依赖性抑制SGC7901细胞生长,并明显降低SGC7901细胞平板克隆；鬼臼毒素明显诱导SGC7901细胞凋亡,并使SGC7901细胞阻滞于G2/M期；鬼臼毒素显著降低SGC7901细胞裸鼠移植瘤的体积及重量。
鬼臼毒素能抑制胃癌SGC7901细胞的生长,诱导SGC7901细胞凋亡,并能抑制GC7901细胞的体内致瘤能力,研究结果为鬼臼毒素临床治疗胃癌提供了科学依据。
Traditional Chinese medicines modernization has been a hot topic in recent years, and the main task is quality control, extraction and isolation and pharmaceutical efficiency. Dysosmae Difformis is one of Berberidaceae Dysosma plants and distributes widely in Hunan Province. Radix and Rhizoma of Dysosmae Difformis are usually used as drug. It has qingrejiedu and sanjiequyu efficacy, and can treat lymph nodes swollen, lumps, pneumonia, etc. To our best knowledge, the research about Dysosmae Difformis is very less. For utilizing the resources of Dysosmae Difformis fully in Hunan province, we focus on the chemical components, quality control, extraction and isolation of active components, pharmacodynamics, etc. The results provide scientific basis for the industrialization of Dysosmae Difformis.
1. Research about the main chemical constituents of Dysosmae Difformis for the first time.
Six compounds including two lignans and four flavonoids have been isolated from the ethanol extract of Dysosmae difformis using various modern chromatographic techniques, and the structures have been identified as podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin and rutin, by classical chemical methods and modern spectrometric approaches such as UV, IR, EI-MS, FAB-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, etc. All the six compounds were isolated from Dysosmae difformis for the first time.
2. Systematical research on quality control of Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis, and formulating the control standard.
The sources, characteristics, identification, test and determination of Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis have been investigated by requests of ChP 2005, volumeⅠ. The source and the characteristics have been determined. The method for microscopic identification of the powder characteristics has been established and the TLC chromatogram identification of podophyllotoxin and quercetin have also been optimized. The impurity is less than 2%. The the moisture content is less than 15%. The heavy metal content is less than 5 ppm, and the arsenic level is less than 2 ppm. HPLC method for determination of Podophyllotoxin has been established. Separation was performed using Kromasil-C18 column (250mm×4.6mm, i.d.) with 5μm particle size. Mobile phase was consisting of methanol: 0.1%H3PO4= 60:40 (v/v). All separations were operated at room temperature and a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detective wavelength was at 292 nm. There was a good linear relationship over the range of 0.20-2.00μg for podophyllotoxin (r= 0.9999). The average recovery rate was 100.57%, and RSD was 0.99%. On those basis, we worked out the Control Standard Draft of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis.
3. Studies on chromatographic fingerprinting of Dysosmae Difformis for the first time.
The HPLC fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis were systematically studied. Samples are prepared by ultrasonic extraction technology with methanol. The detective wavelength was at 254 nm, while the other chromatographic conditions were as the same with those in the determination sections. The method had high precision, good repeatability and all of the components were separated well, so it can be used as the means to assess the fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis.
The paper analyzed chromatograms of 131 samples from seven habitants of China, such as Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou etc. Thirteen five peaks were identified as the characteristic fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis. Compared with reference substances, we can identify that the first, third, seventh, tenth and twelfth peak are rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, podophyllotoxin and Kaempferol, respectively. The fingerprints of different samples were compared with similarity evaluation software development by central south university. Average similarity of samples from different places was 0.965±0.018. It is obvious that the similarity is correlated with the habitats of herb. The closer the habitat is, the higher the similarity is.
4、The extraction and isolation of podophyllotoxin were studied, and the new technology of extraction and isolation of podophyllotoxin were also established.
The extraction technology of podophyllotoxin were studied by alcohol reflux and SFE-CO2. The experimental result indicated that the yield of podophyllotoxin extracted by alcohol reflux was more than that by SFE-CO2. The optimum extraction technology is as follows:Firstly,9 time of quantity 80%alcohol extracts for 60 min, and secondly,7 time of quantity 80%alcohol extracts for 45 mins.
The isolation process of podophyllotoxin was studied by macroporous resin. The optimum isolation process is as follows: HPD-100^ LSA-5B and HPD-400 are the best resin to separate and purify podophyllotoxin, and with 4.81mg/ml podophyllotoxin solution to adsorb. First, the macroporous resin was eluted by distilled water and 10% alcohol to wipe off impurities. Second, the macroporous resin was eluted by 80%alcohol, and the eluting solvent was collected. The Content of podophyllotoxin is more than 80%.
5. Investigating the effects of podophyllotoxin on human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 cells in vitro and in vivo, and providing its the basis for clinical therapy of gastric cancer.
SGC7901 cells were treated by podophyllotoxin at various concentrations for different times. The effects of podophyllotoxin on the growth and apoptosis of SGC7901 cells in vitro has been determined by MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, xenograft experiment was performed to detect the effects of podophyllotoxin on the in vivo tumorigenicity of SGC7901 cells.
The results were as the followings:podophyllotoxin inhibited the growth of SGC7901 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner, and inhibited the colony formation rate of the cells. Podophyllotoxin induced SGC7901 cell apoptosis and arrested SGC7901 cells at G2/M phases of cell cycle. Podophyllotoxin decrease the volume and weight of SGC7901 cells xenografts in nude mice.
Podophyllotoxin could inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells, induce the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells in vitro, and inhibit the in vivo tumorigenicity of SGC7901 cells, which provide theoretical basis for clinical therapy of gastric cancer using podophyllotoxin.
1、首次开展小八角莲化学成分研究,并明确了主要化学成分。
应用现代色谱技术对小八角莲的乙醇提取物进行了系统的分离,从中分离得到了木脂素、黄酮类等共6种化合物,通过经典的化学方法和各种现代波谱学技术(UV, IR, EI-MS, FAB-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR等)进行了结构鉴定。木脂素类成分主要为鬼臼毒素和4＇-去甲基鬼臼毒素。黄酮类成分主要为山奈酚、槲皮素、槲皮苷和芦丁。以上6种化学成分均为首次从小八角莲中分离得到。
2、系统研究小八角莲质量控制,并制订质量标准草案。
依据《中国药典》,对小八角莲来源、性状、鉴别、检查和含量测定等质量控制项目进行了系统研究。确定了小八角莲的来源与性状特征；建立了小八角莲粉末显微鉴别和活性成分-鬼臼毒素和槲皮素的薄层色谱鉴别方法；明确了小八角莲检查杂质不得过2%,水分不得过15%,重金属不得过百万分之五,砷盐不得过百万分之二；采用高效液相色谱法建立了小八角莲活性成分鬼臼毒素含量测定方法,以C18为固定相,甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(60：40)为流动相,室温,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长为292nm,线性范围0.20-2.00μg相关系数r=0.9999,平均加样回收率为100.23%,RSD为0.99%。在此基础上,制订了小八角莲质量标准草案。
3、首次开展小八角莲指纹图谱研究,考察不同产地小八角莲整体性化学表征差异。
建立了小八角莲HPLC色谱指纹图谱研究方法：以甲醇为提取溶媒,采用超声波提取法制各样品溶液。检测波长254 nm,其他色谱条件与含量测定相同。该方法所得指纹图谱稳定性好、响应峰多、吸收强、特征明显,所测组分均达到基线分离,可作为小八角莲指纹图谱研究方法。以湖南、湖北、贵州等7个产区的131批药材为材料,对不同供试品所得指纹图谱进行分析,共标定了13个特征峰。将样品色谱图与对照品色谱图进行比对,可确定1号峰、3号峰、7号峰、10号峰和12号峰分别为芦丁、槲皮苷、槲皮素、鬼臼毒素和山奈酚。指纹图谱相似度采用自主开发的“色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”进行计算,全国不同产地小八角莲样品的平均相似度为0.965±0.018。
采用主成分分析法(PCA)分析表明：药材指纹图谱相似度大小与其产地有关,地理位置越接近,药材相似度越高。
4、开展木脂素类活性成分鬼臼毒素提取分离研究,获得了鬼臼毒素制备新工艺。
采用乙醇回流提取和C02超临界萃取法,开展木脂素类活性成分鬼臼毒素提取工艺研究。结果,醇回流提取小八角莲提取率显著高于C02超临界萃取法。鬼臼毒素最佳提取工艺是,以80%乙醇为提取溶媒,沸水浴连续回流提取2次,第一次加9倍量溶媒,提取60分钟,第二次加7倍量溶媒,提取45分钟。
采用大孔树脂分离技术分离纯化木脂素类活性成分鬼臼毒素。大孔树脂分离纯化最佳条件为：选择HPD-100、LSA-5B和HPD-400大孔吸附树脂作为上柱树脂,上样浓度为4.81mg/ml(相当于原生药),先以蒸馏水,10%乙醇除去杂质,再有70%乙醇洗脱,收集70%乙醇洗脱部分。鬼臼毒素在总固形物中的百分含量可达80%以上。
5、研究鬼臼毒素抗胃癌SGC7901细胞株的作用,为鬼臼毒素用于临床治疗胃癌提供依据。
不同浓度的鬼臼毒素(0,5,10,20和50μg/m1)处理SGC7901细胞后,采用MTT比色法和平板克隆形成实验检测细胞的增殖；采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡；裸鼠成瘤实验检测鬼臼毒素对SGC7901细胞体内致瘤能力的影响。
鬼臼毒素呈时间与剂量依赖性抑制SGC7901细胞生长,并明显降低SGC7901细胞平板克隆；鬼臼毒素明显诱导SGC7901细胞凋亡,并使SGC7901细胞阻滞于G2/M期；鬼臼毒素显著降低SGC7901细胞裸鼠移植瘤的体积及重量。
鬼臼毒素能抑制胃癌SGC7901细胞的生长,诱导SGC7901细胞凋亡,并能抑制GC7901细胞的体内致瘤能力,研究结果为鬼臼毒素临床治疗胃癌提供了科学依据。
Traditional Chinese medicines modernization has been a hot topic in recent years, and the main task is quality control, extraction and isolation and pharmaceutical efficiency. Dysosmae Difformis is one of Berberidaceae Dysosma plants and distributes widely in Hunan Province. Radix and Rhizoma of Dysosmae Difformis are usually used as drug. It has qingrejiedu and sanjiequyu efficacy, and can treat lymph nodes swollen, lumps, pneumonia, etc. To our best knowledge, the research about Dysosmae Difformis is very less. For utilizing the resources of Dysosmae Difformis fully in Hunan province, we focus on the chemical components, quality control, extraction and isolation of active components, pharmacodynamics, etc. The results provide scientific basis for the industrialization of Dysosmae Difformis.
1. Research about the main chemical constituents of Dysosmae Difformis for the first time.
Six compounds including two lignans and four flavonoids have been isolated from the ethanol extract of Dysosmae difformis using various modern chromatographic techniques, and the structures have been identified as podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin and rutin, by classical chemical methods and modern spectrometric approaches such as UV, IR, EI-MS, FAB-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, etc. All the six compounds were isolated from Dysosmae difformis for the first time.
2. Systematical research on quality control of Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis, and formulating the control standard.
The sources, characteristics, identification, test and determination of Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis have been investigated by requests of ChP 2005, volumeⅠ. The source and the characteristics have been determined. The method for microscopic identification of the powder characteristics has been established and the TLC chromatogram identification of podophyllotoxin and quercetin have also been optimized. The impurity is less than 2%. The the moisture content is less than 15%. The heavy metal content is less than 5 ppm, and the arsenic level is less than 2 ppm. HPLC method for determination of Podophyllotoxin has been established. Separation was performed using Kromasil-C18 column (250mm×4.6mm, i.d.) with 5μm particle size. Mobile phase was consisting of methanol: 0.1%H3PO4= 60:40 (v/v). All separations were operated at room temperature and a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detective wavelength was at 292 nm. There was a good linear relationship over the range of 0.20-2.00μg for podophyllotoxin (r= 0.9999). The average recovery rate was 100.57%, and RSD was 0.99%. On those basis, we worked out the Control Standard Draft of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis.
3. Studies on chromatographic fingerprinting of Dysosmae Difformis for the first time.
The HPLC fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis were systematically studied. Samples are prepared by ultrasonic extraction technology with methanol. The detective wavelength was at 254 nm, while the other chromatographic conditions were as the same with those in the determination sections. The method had high precision, good repeatability and all of the components were separated well, so it can be used as the means to assess the fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis.
The paper analyzed chromatograms of 131 samples from seven habitants of China, such as Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou etc. Thirteen five peaks were identified as the characteristic fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Dysosmae difformis. Compared with reference substances, we can identify that the first, third, seventh, tenth and twelfth peak are rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, podophyllotoxin and Kaempferol, respectively. The fingerprints of different samples were compared with similarity evaluation software development by central south university. Average similarity of samples from different places was 0.965±0.018. It is obvious that the similarity is correlated with the habitats of herb. The closer the habitat is, the higher the similarity is.
4、The extraction and isolation of podophyllotoxin were studied, and the new technology of extraction and isolation of podophyllotoxin were also established.
The extraction technology of podophyllotoxin were studied by alcohol reflux and SFE-CO2. The experimental result indicated that the yield of podophyllotoxin extracted by alcohol reflux was more than that by SFE-CO2. The optimum extraction technology is as follows:Firstly,9 time of quantity 80%alcohol extracts for 60 min, and secondly,7 time of quantity 80%alcohol extracts for 45 mins.
The isolation process of podophyllotoxin was studied by macroporous resin. The optimum isolation process is as follows: HPD-100^ LSA-5B and HPD-400 are the best resin to separate and purify podophyllotoxin, and with 4.81mg/ml podophyllotoxin solution to adsorb. First, the macroporous resin was eluted by distilled water and 10% alcohol to wipe off impurities. Second, the macroporous resin was eluted by 80%alcohol, and the eluting solvent was collected. The Content of podophyllotoxin is more than 80%.
5. Investigating the effects of podophyllotoxin on human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 cells in vitro and in vivo, and providing its the basis for clinical therapy of gastric cancer.
SGC7901 cells were treated by podophyllotoxin at various concentrations for different times. The effects of podophyllotoxin on the growth and apoptosis of SGC7901 cells in vitro has been determined by MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, xenograft experiment was performed to detect the effects of podophyllotoxin on the in vivo tumorigenicity of SGC7901 cells.
The results were as the followings:podophyllotoxin inhibited the growth of SGC7901 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner, and inhibited the colony formation rate of the cells. Podophyllotoxin induced SGC7901 cell apoptosis and arrested SGC7901 cells at G2/M phases of cell cycle. Podophyllotoxin decrease the volume and weight of SGC7901 cells xenografts in nude mice.
Podophyllotoxin could inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells, induce the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells in vitro, and inhibit the in vivo tumorigenicity of SGC7901 cells, which provide theoretical basis for clinical therapy of gastric cancer using podophyllotoxin.
引文
[1]邱荷香,邱英雄.中国特有濒危植物八角莲的研究进展及其开发前景[J].安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2002,8(4)：91.
[2]应俊生.中国植物志(第29卷：木通科,小檗科)[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：50-51；253-259.
[3]应俊生.小檗科八角莲属和桃儿七属(新属)的研究[J].植物分类学报,1979,17(1)：15-23.
[4]包士英.中国西南部小檗科新植物[J].植物分类学报,1987,25(2)：153-159.
[5]郑重,苏应娟.湖北八角莲属(小檗科)一新种[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1997,36(2)：125-126.
[6]王育生.广西八角莲属一新种[J].广西植物,1984,4(1)：43-44.
[7]庄平,吴荭,邬家林,等.峨眉山八角莲属植物的生态学与生物学特性研究[J].武汉植物学研究,1993,11(1)：41-46.
[8]张践,李劲涛,李先进,等.中国特有八角莲属植物种质资源研究[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2008,27(11)：78-80.
[9]叶耀辉,黄慧莲,刘红.珍稀濒危药用植物八角莲属的研究进展[J].江西中医学院学报,2005,17(5)：55-57.
[10]刘发,尚天民、博丰永.中华鬼臼根化学成分的研究[J].药学学报,1979,14：241-245.
[11]林启寿,于德泉.中药八角乌的成分[J].药学学报,1963,10：489-495
[12]殷梦龙,陈仲良,王清泉.鬼臼化学成分的分离鉴定[J].中草药,1987,18(12)：7-10
[13]Geneler, W. J. and F. Johnson.Podophyllotoxone. picropodophyllone and dehydropodophyllotoxin. J. A. C. S.1955,77:3674.
[14]Frederric, C., C. K. Chiang and V. N Aiyar, Isopicropodophyllone from Podophyllum pleionihum. phytochemistry,1975,14:1440.
[15]Jackson. D. E. and P. M. Dewick. Atyltetralin lignaia from Podophy-llum herondrum and Podophyllum pelioium. Phytochemistry.1984,23: 1147-1152.
[16]Yu Peizhong, Wang Lipin. Chen Zenai.A new podophyllotoxin-type ligan from Dysosma versipellis var tomensa. J Nat Prod,1991,54(5):1422.
[17]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.小八角莲化学成分研究[J].中草药,2007,38(4)：517-519
[18]倪士峰,傅承新,吴平,等.八角莲挥发油化学成分的GC-MS研究[J].中草药,2004,35(2)：143
[19]赵立春,何颖,岳桂华,等.八角莲属药用植物化学成分及生理活性研究进展[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(13)：37-39
[20]尚明英,李萍,蔡少青.秕鳞八角莲的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2000,31(6)：412-414.
[21]刘春安,彭明.抗癌中药大辞典[M].武汉：湖北科学技术出版社。1994.722
[22]殷梦龙等.植物学报1989：(5)
[23]殷梦龙等.化学学报(英文版)1989：(5)
[24]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.鬼臼毒素抗胃癌细胞株SGC 7901作用的实验研究
[J].中南大学学报(医学版),2008,33(8)：718-722
[25]姚莉韵,王丽平.八角莲水溶性有效成分的分离与抗病毒活性的测定[J].上海第二医科大学学报,1999,19(3)：234
[26]张敏,施大文.八角莲类中药抗单纯疱疹病毒作用初步研究[J].中药材,1995,18(6)：306
[27]季青,严润民.八角莲注射液治疗流行性出血热86例疗效观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1996,16(10)：620
[28]施向程,宋立珍,周友法,等.八角莲注射液治疗流行性腮腺炎34例[J].上海中医药杂志,1989, (11)：15
[29]戴祥章.八角莲治疗乙型脑炎85例[J].上海第二医科大学学报,1993,13(1)： 18
[30]应春燕,钟成.八角莲中毒机理探讨[J].广东药学,1997,7(3)：43
[31]尚明英,徐珞珊,李萍,等.鬼臼类中药及其木脂素类成分的药效学研究[J].中草药,2002,33(8)：722-724
[32]中国科学院植物研究所主编.中国高等植物图鉴(第一版)[M].北京：科学出版社,1972,2,第一册：760
[33]刘克明,李丙贵,刘林翰,等.湖南植物志(第二卷)[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,2000：721
[34]孙晓菊.湖北八角莲属四种药用植物的生药学研究[J].生态科学,2002,21(2)：108-111
[35]苏应娟,刘启宏.湖北产八角莲属植物过氧化物酶同工酶分析[J].武汉植物学研究,1994,12(1)：44-48
[36]苏应娟,刘启宏.湖北产八角莲属植物花粉形态研究[J].武汉植物学研究,1994,12(3)：217-219
[37]程丽姣,丁羽佳,翟永功,等.119植物中新的木脂素类化合物及其生物活性[J].国外医药·植物药分册,2006,21(3)：93-100
[38]郭铁英,李名扬.木脂素类化合物的研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2008,37(9)：199-203
[39]冯瑞红.砂地柏中木脂素类化合物的分离及杀虫活性研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2007
[40]张国良,李娜,林黎琳,等.木脂素类化合物生物活性研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(20)：2089-2094
[41]王丰玲,张英锋,赵琳,等.木脂素的制备、用途和展望[J].渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(1)：8-12
[42]周炜,王国杰,韩正康.亚麻籽木脂素研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2007,28(3)：89-94
[43]刘长军,侯嵩生.抗癌活性物质鬼臼木脂素的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,1997,19(3)：81
[44]陈茹,赵健雄,王学习,等.糙叶败酱总木脂素对K562细胞体外生长的影响[J].四川中医,2007,25(5)：14-17
[45]Schroder H C, Mertz H, Steffen R, et al_Z. Naturforsch.Sect. C: Biosci.,1990,45:1215-1221
[46]杨毅,张成路,潘鑫复,等.木脂素抗艾滋病病毒研究[J].化学进展,2003,15(4)：327-331
[47]Gnabre J N, Ito Y, Ma Y, et al. J. Chroma. A,1996,719(2):353-364
[48]Gnabre J N, Brady J N, Clanton D J, et al. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. U S A,1995,92:11239-11243
[49]Gnabre J N, Huang R C C, Bates R B, et al. Tetrahedron,1995,51(45): 12203-12210
[50]CHEN DAOFENG, ZHANG SHUNXING, XIE LAN, et al. Anti-AIDS Agents-X X VI, structu re-activiy correlations of gomisin-Grelates anti HIV lignans from Kadsura interior and of relates synthetic analogs[J]. Bioorg Med Chem,1997,5(8):1715
[51]马敏,阮金兰.三白脂素-8的抗炎活性[J].中药材,2001,24(1)：42
[52]韩桂秋.中草药中血小板活化因子受体拮抗活性成分的研究[J].自然科学进展,1995,5(2)：161
[53]林瓒.脱氧鬼臼毒素杀虫作用机理初步研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2004
[54]王雪松,王伟,阮旭中.海风藤新木脂素成分对缺血再灌注鼠脑损伤的保护作用[J].中国药理学通报,2002,18(6)：622
[55]宋妍,许激扬.杜仲木脂素化合物降压药效学研究与机制初探[J].中医药学刊,2006,24(10)：1934-1936
[56]吉欣.芹菜中黄酮类物质的提取研究[J].现代食品科技,2006,22(1)：61-63
[57]董彩霞.香椿中黄酮类化合物的提取研究[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版),2005,33(2)：78-79
[58]孙崇鲁.香樟叶中黄酮类化合物的提取[J].应用化工,2006,35(2)：142-14
[59]张赘彬.黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].专论与综述,2005,21(5)：70-73
[60]郭青枝.正交试验优选苦瓜黄酮超声波提取工艺[J].酿酒科技,2007,1：36-37
[61]杨喜花,陈敏,朱蕾,等.超声循环提取沙棘叶中总黄酮的研究.农业机械学报,2006,37(3)：166-167
[62]孟志芬,董彩霞,任多胜.酶法提取香椿叶中总黄酮的工艺研究.光谱实验室,2005,22(5)：1086-1089
[63]陈晓慧.酶法提取树莓叶黄酮类化合物的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2007,28(2)：35-38
[64]戴玉锦.微波法从柚皮中提取黄酮类化合物的工艺研究[J].江苏农业科学,2006,1：121-123
[65]吴雪辉,江南,梁颖诗,等.微波提取板栗花中黄酮类物质的工艺研究.食品工业科技,2006,8：106-109
[66]George W Kabalka, Arjun R Mereddy.2005,46 Microwave-assisted synthesis of functionalized flavones and chromones. Tetrahedron Letters, 2005,46:6315-6317
[67]王青豪.大孔吸附树脂对绞股蓝黄酮类化合物的精制工艺研究[J].林产化工通讯,2005,39(6)：12-16
[68]薛淑萍,张立伟.大孔吸附树脂提取、分离桑叶总黄酮的条件优化.山西中医学院学报,2006,7(1)：51-52
[69]Boqiang Fu, Jie Liu, Huan Li, et al. The application of macroporous resins in the separation of licorice flavonoids and glycyrrhizic acid. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1089(1-2):18-24
[70]J. Z. Song, S. F. Mo, Y. K. Yip, et al. Development of microwave assisted extraction for the simultaneous determination of isoflavonoids and saponins in radix astragali by high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci,2007,30(6):819-824
[71]A. Safaralie, S. Fatemi, F. Sefidkon. Essential oil composition of Valeriana afficinalis L. roots cultivated in Iran. Comparative analysis between supercritical CO2 extraction and hydrodistillation. J Chromatogr A,2008,1180(1-2):159-164
[72]陈雪峰.超临界C02萃取桃叶中柚皮素的工艺研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(01)：106-109
[73]田庆来,谢渝春,张波,等.溶剂萃取法分离水溶性甘草黄酮.过程工程学报,2007,7(3)：496-500
[74]杨爱梅.藏药川西小黄菊中黄酮类成分的分离与结构鉴定[J].中草药,2006,37(1)：25-27
[75]白云娥,漆小梅,赵华,等.聚酰胺分离金莲花总黄酮.中国医院药学杂志,2006,26(5)：512-514
[76]S. Rayyan, T. Fossen, H. Solheim Nateland, et al. Isolation and identification of flavonoids, including flavone rotamers, from the herbal drug'Crataegi folium cum f lore'(hawthorn). Phytochem Anal,2005,16(5): 334-341
[77]Y. Zheng, I. S. Haworth, Z. Zuo, et al. Physicochemical and structural characterization of quercetin-beta-cyclodex-trin complexes. J Pharm Sci, 2005,94(5):1079-1089
[78]屠鹏飞,贾存勤,张洪全.大孔吸附树脂在中药新药研究和生产中的应用[J].世界科学技术,2004,6(3)：22-29
[79]A. Sun, Q. Sun, R. Liu. Preparative isolation and purification of flavone compounds from sophora japonica L. by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with macroporous resin column separation. J Sep Sci,2007,30(7):1013-1018
[80]Shun Yao, Jianguang Luo, Xuefeng Huang, et al. Application of preparative high-speed counter chromatography/preparative high-performance liquid chromatography mode in rapid separation of saponins, Journal of Chromatography B,2008,864:69-77
[81]N. Kohler, V. Wray, P. Winterhalter. Preparative isolation of procyanidins from grape seed extracts by high-speed counter-curent chromatography. J Chromatogr A.2008,1177(1):114-125
[82]Qiang Zhang, Li-Juan, Chen Hao-Yu Ye, et al. Isolation and purification of flavonol glycosides from Ginkgo biloba leaves by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep. Sci,2007,30(13):2153-2159
[83]Sylvie L, Didier V., Alain V W., et al. SMB Enantion-sepration: Process Development Modeling and Operating Conditions. AIChE Journal, 2000,46(2):247-256
[84]Arvind Rajendran. Equilibrium theory-based design of simulated moving bed proceses under reduced purity requitements Linear isotherms. Journal of Chromatography A,2008,1185(2):216-222
[85]Jiangxiang Cong, Bingchang Lin. Separation of Liquiritin by simulated moving bed chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1145(1-2): 190-194
[86]李瑞萍,黄骏雄.高效制备液相色谱柱技术的研究进展.化学进展,2004,16(2)：273-283
[87]Gattuso G, Barreca D, Caristi C, et al. Distribution of flavonoids and furocoumarins in juices from cultivars of Citrus bergamia Risso. J Agric Food Chem,2007,55(24):9921-9927
[88]熊子仙.单穗桤叶树与云南桤叶树叶片中的黄酮化合物的纸层析.云南师范大学学报,1996,16(1)：62-64
[89]K Pozsonyi. The study of flavonoids and glycosides in the Digitalis lanata. Acta Biologica Szegediensis,2002,46(3-4):253-254
[90]袁金斌,卢建中.紫外分光光度法测定大豆总异黄酮的含量.大豆科学,2004,23(2)：147-150
[91]P Pietta, P Mauri, R Mafei Facino, et al. Analysis of flavonoids by MECC with ultraviolet diode array detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,1992,10(10-12):1041-1045
[92]Aremendia M A, Garcia I, Lafont F, et al. Determination of isoflavonesusing capillary electrophoresis in combination with electrospray mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,1994,628: 161-169
[93]孙莲,孟磊,陈坚,等.毛细管电泳法测定桑叶中的黄酮类成分——芦丁和槲皮素.色谱,2001,19(5),395-397
[94]宋春影.三白草中黄酮类化合物的分离与检测[J].黑龙江医药,2005,18(3)：162-165
[95]伍蔚萍.甘草黄酮类化合物指纹图谱研究[J].药物分析杂志,2005,25(12)：140-142
[96]Fang Fang, JingmingLi, QiuhongPan, etal. Determination of red wine flavonoids by HPLC and effect of aging. Food Chemistry,101(2007):428-433
[97]周漩.高良姜薄层色谱特定(指纹)图谱的研究[J].药物分析杂志,2005,25(8)：916-919
[98]韩明.微乳层析分离鉴定青梅提取物中的黄酮类成分[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6)：85-88
[99]王学军,许振良,赵锁奇,等.银杏叶提取物中槲皮素和芦丁的超临界流体色谱法测定.中国医药工业杂志,2005,36(7)：415-417
[100]He Xianguo, Lin Longze, Lian Lizhi, et al. Analysis of flavonoids from red clover by liquid chromatography-elec--trospray mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,755(1996):127-132
[101]王开金.加拿大一枝黄花黄酮类成分及抗氧化与自由基消除活性的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(7)：493-497
[102]许钢,张虹.大麦麦叶中黄酮类化合物清除自由基动态研究.营养学报,2003,25(4)：401-404
[103]Sandra R Georgetti, Rubia Casagrade, Valeria M Di Mambro, et al. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Different Flavonoids by the Chemiluminescence Method. AAPS PharmSci,2003,5(2):20
[104]陈季武.天然黄酮类化合物清除DPPH的构效关系[J].发光学报,2005,26(5)：664-668
[105]石永平,汪海.高度富集黄酮类成分的贯叶连翘提取物抗抑郁作用[J].中药新药与临床药理,2006,17(1)：4-7
[106]王超云.黄芩苷对化学性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中草药,2005,36(5)：730--732
[107]zhou TR.大豆异黄酮对膀胱癌的抑制作用[英][J]. Cancer Res,1998, (58):5231-5238
[108]朱俊东,杨家驹.大豆异黄酮抗癌作用研究进展[J].国外医学·卫生学分册,1998,25(5)：257
[109]Ikegawa Tetsuo. Ikegawa Akikol Chamaejasm in and euhamaejasm in extracted from Stellera chamae jasme and their antiviral activities [P].日本专利：08311056,19952052191
[110]裴月湖,冯宝民,华会明,等.瑞香狼毒化学及药理研究进展[J].中草 药,2001,32(8)：764-766
[111]黄河胜,马传庚,陈志武.黄酮类化合物药理作用研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2000,25(10)：589-591
[112]黄华艺.黄酮类化合物抗肿瘤作用研究进展[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2002,21(7)：428-443.
[113]谢冰芬,郝东磊.茶多酚对人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2细胞DNA损伤和细胞周期的影响[J].中国药理学通报,1999,10,15(5)：424-427.
[114]杨莉.绿茶儿茶素对大肠癌小鼠血液脂质过氧化作用的影响[J].河南职工医学院学报,2002,14(3)：228.
[115]刘术娟.绿茶儿茶素与抗癌药联合应用对二株人肝癌细胞生长的影响[J].天津医科大学学报,2001,7(3)：305
[116]ZHEN YS, CAOSS, XUEYC, et al. Green tea extract inhibits nueleceide transportsnd potentiontes the anfitumor efect of antimetabolites [J]. Chin Med Sci 1991,6(1):1
[117]Sadzoka Y, yugiyama T, Hirota S, Modulation Of cancer chemotherapy by green tea[J]. CHin Cancer Res,1998,4(1):153
[118]王婷.淫羊藿黄酮的分离鉴定及其对前破骨细胞株增殖的影响[J].中草药,2007,37(10)：1458-146
[119]朱丹,袁芳,孟坤,等.黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].中华中医药杂志,2007,22(6)：387-389
[120]巫志峰.黄酮类化合物对心肌缺血的保护作用及其构效关系研究[J].湖南师范大学学报(医学版),2006,3(4)：26-28
[121]尚明英,李萍,李军,等.藏药小叶莲的化学成分研究田[J].中草药,2000,31(8)：569-571.
[122]中国医学科学院药物研究所.中药志(第一册)[M].北京：人民卫生出版社.1977
[123]LBEETI V, DONADIO M, JOHN D. Cisphfin and teniposide chem. therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Europe Journal of Cancer, 1991,27(9):1104-1106
[124]高锦明.植物化学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[125]马绍宾,胡志浩.小檗科鬼臼亚科的地理分布与系统发育.云南植物研究,1997,19(1)：48-56
[126]WANG Dong. V ariation of alkaloid contents in calliculture of Berber ispruinosaUS[J]. Journal of Yun nan University,2002,22 (3):225-226
[127]潘琦,陈绍瑗,姜维梅.八角莲的愈伤组织和组培根及野生根状茎的鬼臼毒素含量比较研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2006,32(1)：56-59
[128]Strobel G, Stierle A, Stierle D, et al. Taxomyces and reanae, a proposed new taxon for a bulbilliferous hyphomycete as sociated with pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia)[J]. M yco taxon,1993,47:71-80
[129]Stierle A, Strobel G, Stierle D. Taxol and Taxane Product ion by Taxomyces and reanae, an Endophytic Fungus of pacific Yew [J]. Science, 1993,260:214-216
[130]Strobel G, Yang X S, Sears J, et al. Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxusw allach iana [J]. Microbio-logy,1996,142:435-440
[131]刘海军,徐艳.桃儿七的研究进展[J].中草药,2004,35(1)：98-100
[132]陈毓亨,程克棣.近年来国外紫杉醇资源研究进展[J].国外医学(药学分册),1994,21(1)：36-39
[133]罗明典.微生物制药研究新进展[J].微生物学通报,1998,25(1)：61-62
[134]Ward R S.鬼臼毒及其有关化合物的合成[J].国外医药(植物药分册),1993,8(5)：206-210
[135]许重远,贾江滨,陈振德.4＇-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物4 β取代结构修饰研究进展[J].中草药,2000,31(5)：389-392
[136]杨明,纳绍荣.鬼臼毒素质量标准研究.云南师范大学学报,1999,19(2)：48-50
[137]张杰,周春山,向大雄,等.高效液相色谱法测定小八角莲中鬼臼毒素含量[J].湖南中医杂志,2007,23(4)：101-102
[138]刘晓星,温普红,郑建斌.高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-电化学联用技术测定八角莲中3种成分的含量[J].药物分析杂志,2007,27(5)：631-634
[139]冯国宜.抗癌植物资源与天然产物研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2001,19(3)：26-32
[140]高荣,田喧,张兴,等.鬼臼毒素类生物活性物质的研究概况[J].农药学学报,2000(2)：1-6
[141]张三全,曾抗,李国峰,等.动物实验对脂质体鬼臼毒素外用的安全性观察[J].临床皮肤科杂志,2003,32(4)：188.
[142]CABRAL M M, AZAMBuJA P, GOTTLIEB O R, et al. Efects of some lignans and neolignans on the development and excretion of Rhodnius prolixus[J]. Fitoterapia,2000(71):1-9
[143]米琴,曾长年.芳基硒代4-脱氧-4’-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物的合成及细胞毒性测定[J].天水师范学院学报,2005,25(2)：42-44
[144]韩锐.肿瘤化学预防及药物治疗[M].北京：北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1991：277
[145]张培楠,李朝峰.鬼臼毒素及其衍生物[J].天然产物研究与开发,2004,16(1)： 80-83
[146]贾红光,曹长年,陈建军,等.鬼臼毒素类抗肿瘤药物的研究[J].青海医学院学报,2002,23(2)：52
[147]王志光,尹述凡.4-酰胺基-4-脱氧-4-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物的合成和抗肿瘤活性[J].药学学报,1993,28(6)：422-247
[148]李德新.中医基础理论[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2001,8
[149]张贵君.中药鉴定学[M].北京：科学出版社,2009,2
[150]肖崇厚.中药化学[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,1997,6
[151]徐铮奎.二十世纪末以来天然药物开发研究新进展[J].中国制药信息2010,26(5)：7
[152]Gordaliza M, Garcl'aPA, Miguel del Corral J M, et al. Podophyllotoxin: distribution, sources, applications and new cytotoxic derivatives [J]. Toxicon 2004,44:441-459
[153]Dong Xiaoping, Zeng Li. Isolation, identification and quantitation determi-nation of podophyllotoxin from Dysoma genus plants growing in Sichuan [J]. Natu-ral production research and development(天然产物开发与研究).1994,6(2)：17-20
[154]SHIYan-peng, WEI Xing-guang, YAO Qing-qiang. Chemical constituents of Dysosma pleiantha [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药),2005,36 (4):484-486
[155]Xu Wen-zhao. The research of flavonoids component of Rosa chinensis Jacql [J]. J Nanjing Tradit Chin Med Univ:Nat Sci(南京中医药大学学报·自然科学版),2000,16(4)：225-261
[156]QUAN Hong-meil, ZHANG Xue-wu. Studies on Chemical constituents of Sorbaria sorbifolia from Changbai Mountain(II) [J]. LISHIZHEN MEDICINE AND MATERIA MEDICA RESEARCH(时珍国医国药).2006,17(3)：318.
[157]CHEN Xin-rong, HU Yong-mei, WANG Hao. Studies on Chemical Constituents of Stellaria media [J]. Research and Practice of Chinese Medicines 实践).2005,19(4)：41-43
[158]ZENGHong-yan, ZHOUPu-hua, PEI Gang. Studies on chemical constituents of Hypericum sampsonii [J]. Natural production research and development(天然产物开发与研究).2002,14(5)：50-53
[159]周跃华.关于我国中药材质量标准管理的几点建议[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(12)：1502-1504
[160]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(2010年版)一部[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社,2010,1
[161]姚振生.药用植物学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2003,1
[162]中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物科属检索表[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,1
[163]中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,1
[164]刘克明,李丙贵,刘林翰,等.湖南植物志(第二卷)[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,2000：721
[165]丁海,黄泰康,吴春福.中药现代化发展的进程和趋势[J].中草药,2005,36(1)：147-149.
[166]孙黎明.浅谈中药性状鉴定的意义及方法[J].中国民族民间医药,2010,19(8)： 52
[167]康延国.中药鉴定学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2003,6-7
[168]李春红,潘宏,何兵等.香椿嫩叶中槲皮素和山奈酚的同板薄层鉴别及总黄酮的含量测定[J].泸州医学院学报,2010,33(3)：247-249
[169]刘波,刘红斌,宇刚等.老鹳草凝胶质量标准的研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,2010,31(5)：64-65
[170]袁斌,欧阳臻,缪亚东等.野马追中黄酮类的鉴别和定量分析研究[J].中成药,2007,29(5)：775-777
[171]中华人民共和国卫生部药政管理局.中药新药研究指南(药学.药理学,毒理学)[S],1994
[172]王红,韦云川,韦继雯等.关于《中国药典))2005年版中药材杂质检查项的商榷[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(18)：47
[173]张瑜,谈献和,蒋国斌等.原子荧光法测定中药白花蛇舌草中重金属的含量[J].南京中医药大学学报,2007,23(6)：382-384
[174]董晓萍,曾莉.川产八角莲中鬼臼毒素的分离鉴定及含量测定.天然产物研究与开发.1994,6(2)：17-20
[175]Markos A. R. The successful treatment of Molluscum contagiosum with podophyllotoxin (0.5%) self-application.Int[J]. STD AIDS 12(2001),833
[176]Wrasidlo W., Schroder U., Bernt K. et al. Synthesis, hydrolytic activation and cytotoxicity of etoposide prodrugs [J]. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.12(2002),557-560
[177]Maqbool M., Cushman K. E., Moraes R.M. Mayapple:a review of the literature from a horticultural perspective[R]. Annual Report of the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center.375(2001),313-319
[178]谢培山.色谱指纹图谱分析是中草药质量控制的可行策略[J].中药新药与临床药理.2001,12(3)：141-151,169
[179]Li B Y, Hu Y, Liang Y Z, et al. Quality Evaluation of Fingerprints of Herbal Medicine with Chromatographic Data [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta,2004, 514(1):69-75
[180]Niu, F., Niu, Z. Q., Xie, G. B., Meng, F., Zhang, G., Cui, Z., Tu, P., Chromatographia.2006,64(2):593-597
[181]谢培山.色谱指纹图谱(图像)分析在中药鉴定的研究和应用[R].现代中药产业关键技术系列研讨会(一)国际色谱指纹图谱评价中药质量研讨会学术报告论文集,广州,2001,36-56
[182]宋应华,郁威,乇远明.超临界C02萃取川芎挥发油过程研究[J].中成药,2005,27(9)：1007
[183]刘莉,徐新刚,陈飞龙,等.超临界C02萃取云南红豆杉枝叶中紫杉醇的研究[J].中成药,2006,28(4)：480
[184]蔡庆群,黄耀海,席萍,等.藿香正气方超临界萃取物质谱及薄层色谱分析[J].现代食品与药品杂志,2006,16(3)：32
[185]王玉华,容蓉,魏英勤,等.四物汤及单药材超临界萃取物的质量控制和稳定性研究[J].世界科学技术——中医药现代化,2005,7(2)：50
[186]罗兰,朱丹妮,严永清.当归芍药散精简方C02超临界萃取部位化学成分研究[J].中成药,2005,27(11)：1251
[187]L. P. Chandrika, S. Fereidoon, Optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat using response surface methodology [J]. Food Chem.,2005,93(1):47-56
[188]D. Bas, I.H. BoyacI, Modeling and optimization I:usability of response surface methodology[J]. Food Eng.,2007,78 (3):836-845
[189]E. M. Silva, H. Rogez, Y. Larondelle, Optimization of extraction of phenolics from Inga edulis leaves using response surface methodology [J]. Sep. Puri Technol,2007,55 (2):381-387
[190]G. J. Fan, Y. B. Han,Z.X. Gu, D. Chen, Optimizing conditions for anthocyanins extraction from purple sweet potato using response surface methodology (RSM) LWT-Food [J]. Sci. Technol.,2008,41 (1):155-160
[191]W. C. Lee, S. Yusof, N. S. A. Hamid, Optimizing conditions for hot water extraction of banana juice using response surface methodology (RSM), [J]. Food Eng.,2006,75 (2):473-479
[192]杨苏蓓.超临界流体萃取五味子中木脂素等成分的工艺研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(11)：755-757
[193]李平华,赵汉臣,闫荟.C02超临界流体萃取法萃取乳香的工艺研究[J].中国药房,2007,18(33)：2584-2585
[194]姚大地,孙广仁,刁绍起.大活籽挥发油超临界萃取工艺及成分分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(1)：115-116
[195]杨凌,欧阳臻,宿树兰,等.茅苍术挥发油超临界萃取工艺及气质联用分析[J].江苏大学学报：医学版,2007,17(5)：393-395
[196]S. L. C. Ferreira, R. E. Bruns, H. S. Ferreira, Box-Behnken design:An alternative for the optimization of analytical methods[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,597(2):179-186
[197]李伯庭,王湘,李小进.大孔吸附树脂在天然产物分离中的应用[J].中草药,1990,2(8)：42-45
[198]何炳林,黄文强.离子交换与吸附树脂[M].上海：上海科技教育出版社,1995.319-321
[199]Fox JG, Wang TC. Inflammation, atrophy, and gastric cancer [J]. J Clin Invrst,2007,117(1):60-69
[200]Gordaliza M, Castro MA, del Corral JM, et al. Antitumor properties of Podophyllotoxin and Related Compounds [J]. Current Pharmaceutical Design,2000,6(18):1811-1839
[201]Shi Y P, Wei XG, Yao QQ. Chemical constituents of Dysosma pleiantha [J].Chin Tradit Herb Drugs,2005,36(4):484-486
[202]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.小八角莲化学成分研究[J]。中草药,2007,38(4)： 517-518
[203]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.小八角莲中鬼臼毒素的提取工艺研究[J]。中药材,2007,30(1)：103-104
[204]Gordaliza M, Garcia PA, del Corral JM, et al. Podophyllotoxin: distribution, sources, applications and new cytotoxic derivatives[J].Toxicon,2004,44(4):441-459
[205]Zhang PN, Li ZF, Zhao CQ. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives[J]. Natural Product Res and Devel,2004,16(1):80-83
[2]应俊生.中国植物志(第29卷：木通科,小檗科)[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：50-51；253-259.
[3]应俊生.小檗科八角莲属和桃儿七属(新属)的研究[J].植物分类学报,1979,17(1)：15-23.
[4]包士英.中国西南部小檗科新植物[J].植物分类学报,1987,25(2)：153-159.
[5]郑重,苏应娟.湖北八角莲属(小檗科)一新种[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1997,36(2)：125-126.
[6]王育生.广西八角莲属一新种[J].广西植物,1984,4(1)：43-44.
[7]庄平,吴荭,邬家林,等.峨眉山八角莲属植物的生态学与生物学特性研究[J].武汉植物学研究,1993,11(1)：41-46.
[8]张践,李劲涛,李先进,等.中国特有八角莲属植物种质资源研究[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2008,27(11)：78-80.
[9]叶耀辉,黄慧莲,刘红.珍稀濒危药用植物八角莲属的研究进展[J].江西中医学院学报,2005,17(5)：55-57.
[10]刘发,尚天民、博丰永.中华鬼臼根化学成分的研究[J].药学学报,1979,14：241-245.
[11]林启寿,于德泉.中药八角乌的成分[J].药学学报,1963,10：489-495
[12]殷梦龙,陈仲良,王清泉.鬼臼化学成分的分离鉴定[J].中草药,1987,18(12)：7-10
[13]Geneler, W. J. and F. Johnson.Podophyllotoxone. picropodophyllone and dehydropodophyllotoxin. J. A. C. S.1955,77:3674.
[14]Frederric, C., C. K. Chiang and V. N Aiyar, Isopicropodophyllone from Podophyllum pleionihum. phytochemistry,1975,14:1440.
[15]Jackson. D. E. and P. M. Dewick. Atyltetralin lignaia from Podophy-llum herondrum and Podophyllum pelioium. Phytochemistry.1984,23: 1147-1152.
[16]Yu Peizhong, Wang Lipin. Chen Zenai.A new podophyllotoxin-type ligan from Dysosma versipellis var tomensa. J Nat Prod,1991,54(5):1422.
[17]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.小八角莲化学成分研究[J].中草药,2007,38(4)：517-519
[18]倪士峰,傅承新,吴平,等.八角莲挥发油化学成分的GC-MS研究[J].中草药,2004,35(2)：143
[19]赵立春,何颖,岳桂华,等.八角莲属药用植物化学成分及生理活性研究进展[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(13)：37-39
[20]尚明英,李萍,蔡少青.秕鳞八角莲的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2000,31(6)：412-414.
[21]刘春安,彭明.抗癌中药大辞典[M].武汉：湖北科学技术出版社。1994.722
[22]殷梦龙等.植物学报1989：(5)
[23]殷梦龙等.化学学报(英文版)1989：(5)
[24]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.鬼臼毒素抗胃癌细胞株SGC 7901作用的实验研究
[J].中南大学学报(医学版),2008,33(8)：718-722
[25]姚莉韵,王丽平.八角莲水溶性有效成分的分离与抗病毒活性的测定[J].上海第二医科大学学报,1999,19(3)：234
[26]张敏,施大文.八角莲类中药抗单纯疱疹病毒作用初步研究[J].中药材,1995,18(6)：306
[27]季青,严润民.八角莲注射液治疗流行性出血热86例疗效观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1996,16(10)：620
[28]施向程,宋立珍,周友法,等.八角莲注射液治疗流行性腮腺炎34例[J].上海中医药杂志,1989, (11)：15
[29]戴祥章.八角莲治疗乙型脑炎85例[J].上海第二医科大学学报,1993,13(1)： 18
[30]应春燕,钟成.八角莲中毒机理探讨[J].广东药学,1997,7(3)：43
[31]尚明英,徐珞珊,李萍,等.鬼臼类中药及其木脂素类成分的药效学研究[J].中草药,2002,33(8)：722-724
[32]中国科学院植物研究所主编.中国高等植物图鉴(第一版)[M].北京：科学出版社,1972,2,第一册：760
[33]刘克明,李丙贵,刘林翰,等.湖南植物志(第二卷)[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,2000：721
[34]孙晓菊.湖北八角莲属四种药用植物的生药学研究[J].生态科学,2002,21(2)：108-111
[35]苏应娟,刘启宏.湖北产八角莲属植物过氧化物酶同工酶分析[J].武汉植物学研究,1994,12(1)：44-48
[36]苏应娟,刘启宏.湖北产八角莲属植物花粉形态研究[J].武汉植物学研究,1994,12(3)：217-219
[37]程丽姣,丁羽佳,翟永功,等.119植物中新的木脂素类化合物及其生物活性[J].国外医药·植物药分册,2006,21(3)：93-100
[38]郭铁英,李名扬.木脂素类化合物的研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2008,37(9)：199-203
[39]冯瑞红.砂地柏中木脂素类化合物的分离及杀虫活性研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2007
[40]张国良,李娜,林黎琳,等.木脂素类化合物生物活性研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(20)：2089-2094
[41]王丰玲,张英锋,赵琳,等.木脂素的制备、用途和展望[J].渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(1)：8-12
[42]周炜,王国杰,韩正康.亚麻籽木脂素研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2007,28(3)：89-94
[43]刘长军,侯嵩生.抗癌活性物质鬼臼木脂素的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,1997,19(3)：81
[44]陈茹,赵健雄,王学习,等.糙叶败酱总木脂素对K562细胞体外生长的影响[J].四川中医,2007,25(5)：14-17
[45]Schroder H C, Mertz H, Steffen R, et al_Z. Naturforsch.Sect. C: Biosci.,1990,45:1215-1221
[46]杨毅,张成路,潘鑫复,等.木脂素抗艾滋病病毒研究[J].化学进展,2003,15(4)：327-331
[47]Gnabre J N, Ito Y, Ma Y, et al. J. Chroma. A,1996,719(2):353-364
[48]Gnabre J N, Brady J N, Clanton D J, et al. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. U S A,1995,92:11239-11243
[49]Gnabre J N, Huang R C C, Bates R B, et al. Tetrahedron,1995,51(45): 12203-12210
[50]CHEN DAOFENG, ZHANG SHUNXING, XIE LAN, et al. Anti-AIDS Agents-X X VI, structu re-activiy correlations of gomisin-Grelates anti HIV lignans from Kadsura interior and of relates synthetic analogs[J]. Bioorg Med Chem,1997,5(8):1715
[51]马敏,阮金兰.三白脂素-8的抗炎活性[J].中药材,2001,24(1)：42
[52]韩桂秋.中草药中血小板活化因子受体拮抗活性成分的研究[J].自然科学进展,1995,5(2)：161
[53]林瓒.脱氧鬼臼毒素杀虫作用机理初步研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2004
[54]王雪松,王伟,阮旭中.海风藤新木脂素成分对缺血再灌注鼠脑损伤的保护作用[J].中国药理学通报,2002,18(6)：622
[55]宋妍,许激扬.杜仲木脂素化合物降压药效学研究与机制初探[J].中医药学刊,2006,24(10)：1934-1936
[56]吉欣.芹菜中黄酮类物质的提取研究[J].现代食品科技,2006,22(1)：61-63
[57]董彩霞.香椿中黄酮类化合物的提取研究[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版),2005,33(2)：78-79
[58]孙崇鲁.香樟叶中黄酮类化合物的提取[J].应用化工,2006,35(2)：142-14
[59]张赘彬.黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].专论与综述,2005,21(5)：70-73
[60]郭青枝.正交试验优选苦瓜黄酮超声波提取工艺[J].酿酒科技,2007,1：36-37
[61]杨喜花,陈敏,朱蕾,等.超声循环提取沙棘叶中总黄酮的研究.农业机械学报,2006,37(3)：166-167
[62]孟志芬,董彩霞,任多胜.酶法提取香椿叶中总黄酮的工艺研究.光谱实验室,2005,22(5)：1086-1089
[63]陈晓慧.酶法提取树莓叶黄酮类化合物的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2007,28(2)：35-38
[64]戴玉锦.微波法从柚皮中提取黄酮类化合物的工艺研究[J].江苏农业科学,2006,1：121-123
[65]吴雪辉,江南,梁颖诗,等.微波提取板栗花中黄酮类物质的工艺研究.食品工业科技,2006,8：106-109
[66]George W Kabalka, Arjun R Mereddy.2005,46 Microwave-assisted synthesis of functionalized flavones and chromones. Tetrahedron Letters, 2005,46:6315-6317
[67]王青豪.大孔吸附树脂对绞股蓝黄酮类化合物的精制工艺研究[J].林产化工通讯,2005,39(6)：12-16
[68]薛淑萍,张立伟.大孔吸附树脂提取、分离桑叶总黄酮的条件优化.山西中医学院学报,2006,7(1)：51-52
[69]Boqiang Fu, Jie Liu, Huan Li, et al. The application of macroporous resins in the separation of licorice flavonoids and glycyrrhizic acid. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1089(1-2):18-24
[70]J. Z. Song, S. F. Mo, Y. K. Yip, et al. Development of microwave assisted extraction for the simultaneous determination of isoflavonoids and saponins in radix astragali by high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci,2007,30(6):819-824
[71]A. Safaralie, S. Fatemi, F. Sefidkon. Essential oil composition of Valeriana afficinalis L. roots cultivated in Iran. Comparative analysis between supercritical CO2 extraction and hydrodistillation. J Chromatogr A,2008,1180(1-2):159-164
[72]陈雪峰.超临界C02萃取桃叶中柚皮素的工艺研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(01)：106-109
[73]田庆来,谢渝春,张波,等.溶剂萃取法分离水溶性甘草黄酮.过程工程学报,2007,7(3)：496-500
[74]杨爱梅.藏药川西小黄菊中黄酮类成分的分离与结构鉴定[J].中草药,2006,37(1)：25-27
[75]白云娥,漆小梅,赵华,等.聚酰胺分离金莲花总黄酮.中国医院药学杂志,2006,26(5)：512-514
[76]S. Rayyan, T. Fossen, H. Solheim Nateland, et al. Isolation and identification of flavonoids, including flavone rotamers, from the herbal drug'Crataegi folium cum f lore'(hawthorn). Phytochem Anal,2005,16(5): 334-341
[77]Y. Zheng, I. S. Haworth, Z. Zuo, et al. Physicochemical and structural characterization of quercetin-beta-cyclodex-trin complexes. J Pharm Sci, 2005,94(5):1079-1089
[78]屠鹏飞,贾存勤,张洪全.大孔吸附树脂在中药新药研究和生产中的应用[J].世界科学技术,2004,6(3)：22-29
[79]A. Sun, Q. Sun, R. Liu. Preparative isolation and purification of flavone compounds from sophora japonica L. by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with macroporous resin column separation. J Sep Sci,2007,30(7):1013-1018
[80]Shun Yao, Jianguang Luo, Xuefeng Huang, et al. Application of preparative high-speed counter chromatography/preparative high-performance liquid chromatography mode in rapid separation of saponins, Journal of Chromatography B,2008,864:69-77
[81]N. Kohler, V. Wray, P. Winterhalter. Preparative isolation of procyanidins from grape seed extracts by high-speed counter-curent chromatography. J Chromatogr A.2008,1177(1):114-125
[82]Qiang Zhang, Li-Juan, Chen Hao-Yu Ye, et al. Isolation and purification of flavonol glycosides from Ginkgo biloba leaves by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep. Sci,2007,30(13):2153-2159
[83]Sylvie L, Didier V., Alain V W., et al. SMB Enantion-sepration: Process Development Modeling and Operating Conditions. AIChE Journal, 2000,46(2):247-256
[84]Arvind Rajendran. Equilibrium theory-based design of simulated moving bed proceses under reduced purity requitements Linear isotherms. Journal of Chromatography A,2008,1185(2):216-222
[85]Jiangxiang Cong, Bingchang Lin. Separation of Liquiritin by simulated moving bed chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1145(1-2): 190-194
[86]李瑞萍,黄骏雄.高效制备液相色谱柱技术的研究进展.化学进展,2004,16(2)：273-283
[87]Gattuso G, Barreca D, Caristi C, et al. Distribution of flavonoids and furocoumarins in juices from cultivars of Citrus bergamia Risso. J Agric Food Chem,2007,55(24):9921-9927
[88]熊子仙.单穗桤叶树与云南桤叶树叶片中的黄酮化合物的纸层析.云南师范大学学报,1996,16(1)：62-64
[89]K Pozsonyi. The study of flavonoids and glycosides in the Digitalis lanata. Acta Biologica Szegediensis,2002,46(3-4):253-254
[90]袁金斌,卢建中.紫外分光光度法测定大豆总异黄酮的含量.大豆科学,2004,23(2)：147-150
[91]P Pietta, P Mauri, R Mafei Facino, et al. Analysis of flavonoids by MECC with ultraviolet diode array detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,1992,10(10-12):1041-1045
[92]Aremendia M A, Garcia I, Lafont F, et al. Determination of isoflavonesusing capillary electrophoresis in combination with electrospray mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,1994,628: 161-169
[93]孙莲,孟磊,陈坚,等.毛细管电泳法测定桑叶中的黄酮类成分——芦丁和槲皮素.色谱,2001,19(5),395-397
[94]宋春影.三白草中黄酮类化合物的分离与检测[J].黑龙江医药,2005,18(3)：162-165
[95]伍蔚萍.甘草黄酮类化合物指纹图谱研究[J].药物分析杂志,2005,25(12)：140-142
[96]Fang Fang, JingmingLi, QiuhongPan, etal. Determination of red wine flavonoids by HPLC and effect of aging. Food Chemistry,101(2007):428-433
[97]周漩.高良姜薄层色谱特定(指纹)图谱的研究[J].药物分析杂志,2005,25(8)：916-919
[98]韩明.微乳层析分离鉴定青梅提取物中的黄酮类成分[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6)：85-88
[99]王学军,许振良,赵锁奇,等.银杏叶提取物中槲皮素和芦丁的超临界流体色谱法测定.中国医药工业杂志,2005,36(7)：415-417
[100]He Xianguo, Lin Longze, Lian Lizhi, et al. Analysis of flavonoids from red clover by liquid chromatography-elec--trospray mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,755(1996):127-132
[101]王开金.加拿大一枝黄花黄酮类成分及抗氧化与自由基消除活性的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(7)：493-497
[102]许钢,张虹.大麦麦叶中黄酮类化合物清除自由基动态研究.营养学报,2003,25(4)：401-404
[103]Sandra R Georgetti, Rubia Casagrade, Valeria M Di Mambro, et al. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Different Flavonoids by the Chemiluminescence Method. AAPS PharmSci,2003,5(2):20
[104]陈季武.天然黄酮类化合物清除DPPH的构效关系[J].发光学报,2005,26(5)：664-668
[105]石永平,汪海.高度富集黄酮类成分的贯叶连翘提取物抗抑郁作用[J].中药新药与临床药理,2006,17(1)：4-7
[106]王超云.黄芩苷对化学性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中草药,2005,36(5)：730--732
[107]zhou TR.大豆异黄酮对膀胱癌的抑制作用[英][J]. Cancer Res,1998, (58):5231-5238
[108]朱俊东,杨家驹.大豆异黄酮抗癌作用研究进展[J].国外医学·卫生学分册,1998,25(5)：257
[109]Ikegawa Tetsuo. Ikegawa Akikol Chamaejasm in and euhamaejasm in extracted from Stellera chamae jasme and their antiviral activities [P].日本专利：08311056,19952052191
[110]裴月湖,冯宝民,华会明,等.瑞香狼毒化学及药理研究进展[J].中草 药,2001,32(8)：764-766
[111]黄河胜,马传庚,陈志武.黄酮类化合物药理作用研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2000,25(10)：589-591
[112]黄华艺.黄酮类化合物抗肿瘤作用研究进展[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2002,21(7)：428-443.
[113]谢冰芬,郝东磊.茶多酚对人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2细胞DNA损伤和细胞周期的影响[J].中国药理学通报,1999,10,15(5)：424-427.
[114]杨莉.绿茶儿茶素对大肠癌小鼠血液脂质过氧化作用的影响[J].河南职工医学院学报,2002,14(3)：228.
[115]刘术娟.绿茶儿茶素与抗癌药联合应用对二株人肝癌细胞生长的影响[J].天津医科大学学报,2001,7(3)：305
[116]ZHEN YS, CAOSS, XUEYC, et al. Green tea extract inhibits nueleceide transportsnd potentiontes the anfitumor efect of antimetabolites [J]. Chin Med Sci 1991,6(1):1
[117]Sadzoka Y, yugiyama T, Hirota S, Modulation Of cancer chemotherapy by green tea[J]. CHin Cancer Res,1998,4(1):153
[118]王婷.淫羊藿黄酮的分离鉴定及其对前破骨细胞株增殖的影响[J].中草药,2007,37(10)：1458-146
[119]朱丹,袁芳,孟坤,等.黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].中华中医药杂志,2007,22(6)：387-389
[120]巫志峰.黄酮类化合物对心肌缺血的保护作用及其构效关系研究[J].湖南师范大学学报(医学版),2006,3(4)：26-28
[121]尚明英,李萍,李军,等.藏药小叶莲的化学成分研究田[J].中草药,2000,31(8)：569-571.
[122]中国医学科学院药物研究所.中药志(第一册)[M].北京：人民卫生出版社.1977
[123]LBEETI V, DONADIO M, JOHN D. Cisphfin and teniposide chem. therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Europe Journal of Cancer, 1991,27(9):1104-1106
[124]高锦明.植物化学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[125]马绍宾,胡志浩.小檗科鬼臼亚科的地理分布与系统发育.云南植物研究,1997,19(1)：48-56
[126]WANG Dong. V ariation of alkaloid contents in calliculture of Berber ispruinosaUS[J]. Journal of Yun nan University,2002,22 (3):225-226
[127]潘琦,陈绍瑗,姜维梅.八角莲的愈伤组织和组培根及野生根状茎的鬼臼毒素含量比较研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2006,32(1)：56-59
[128]Strobel G, Stierle A, Stierle D, et al. Taxomyces and reanae, a proposed new taxon for a bulbilliferous hyphomycete as sociated with pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia)[J]. M yco taxon,1993,47:71-80
[129]Stierle A, Strobel G, Stierle D. Taxol and Taxane Product ion by Taxomyces and reanae, an Endophytic Fungus of pacific Yew [J]. Science, 1993,260:214-216
[130]Strobel G, Yang X S, Sears J, et al. Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxusw allach iana [J]. Microbio-logy,1996,142:435-440
[131]刘海军,徐艳.桃儿七的研究进展[J].中草药,2004,35(1)：98-100
[132]陈毓亨,程克棣.近年来国外紫杉醇资源研究进展[J].国外医学(药学分册),1994,21(1)：36-39
[133]罗明典.微生物制药研究新进展[J].微生物学通报,1998,25(1)：61-62
[134]Ward R S.鬼臼毒及其有关化合物的合成[J].国外医药(植物药分册),1993,8(5)：206-210
[135]许重远,贾江滨,陈振德.4＇-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物4 β取代结构修饰研究进展[J].中草药,2000,31(5)：389-392
[136]杨明,纳绍荣.鬼臼毒素质量标准研究.云南师范大学学报,1999,19(2)：48-50
[137]张杰,周春山,向大雄,等.高效液相色谱法测定小八角莲中鬼臼毒素含量[J].湖南中医杂志,2007,23(4)：101-102
[138]刘晓星,温普红,郑建斌.高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-电化学联用技术测定八角莲中3种成分的含量[J].药物分析杂志,2007,27(5)：631-634
[139]冯国宜.抗癌植物资源与天然产物研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2001,19(3)：26-32
[140]高荣,田喧,张兴,等.鬼臼毒素类生物活性物质的研究概况[J].农药学学报,2000(2)：1-6
[141]张三全,曾抗,李国峰,等.动物实验对脂质体鬼臼毒素外用的安全性观察[J].临床皮肤科杂志,2003,32(4)：188.
[142]CABRAL M M, AZAMBuJA P, GOTTLIEB O R, et al. Efects of some lignans and neolignans on the development and excretion of Rhodnius prolixus[J]. Fitoterapia,2000(71):1-9
[143]米琴,曾长年.芳基硒代4-脱氧-4’-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物的合成及细胞毒性测定[J].天水师范学院学报,2005,25(2)：42-44
[144]韩锐.肿瘤化学预防及药物治疗[M].北京：北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1991：277
[145]张培楠,李朝峰.鬼臼毒素及其衍生物[J].天然产物研究与开发,2004,16(1)： 80-83
[146]贾红光,曹长年,陈建军,等.鬼臼毒素类抗肿瘤药物的研究[J].青海医学院学报,2002,23(2)：52
[147]王志光,尹述凡.4-酰胺基-4-脱氧-4-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物的合成和抗肿瘤活性[J].药学学报,1993,28(6)：422-247
[148]李德新.中医基础理论[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2001,8
[149]张贵君.中药鉴定学[M].北京：科学出版社,2009,2
[150]肖崇厚.中药化学[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,1997,6
[151]徐铮奎.二十世纪末以来天然药物开发研究新进展[J].中国制药信息2010,26(5)：7
[152]Gordaliza M, Garcl'aPA, Miguel del Corral J M, et al. Podophyllotoxin: distribution, sources, applications and new cytotoxic derivatives [J]. Toxicon 2004,44:441-459
[153]Dong Xiaoping, Zeng Li. Isolation, identification and quantitation determi-nation of podophyllotoxin from Dysoma genus plants growing in Sichuan [J]. Natu-ral production research and development(天然产物开发与研究).1994,6(2)：17-20
[154]SHIYan-peng, WEI Xing-guang, YAO Qing-qiang. Chemical constituents of Dysosma pleiantha [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药),2005,36 (4):484-486
[155]Xu Wen-zhao. The research of flavonoids component of Rosa chinensis Jacql [J]. J Nanjing Tradit Chin Med Univ:Nat Sci(南京中医药大学学报·自然科学版),2000,16(4)：225-261
[156]QUAN Hong-meil, ZHANG Xue-wu. Studies on Chemical constituents of Sorbaria sorbifolia from Changbai Mountain(II) [J]. LISHIZHEN MEDICINE AND MATERIA MEDICA RESEARCH(时珍国医国药).2006,17(3)：318.
[157]CHEN Xin-rong, HU Yong-mei, WANG Hao. Studies on Chemical Constituents of Stellaria media [J]. Research and Practice of Chinese Medicines 实践).2005,19(4)：41-43
[158]ZENGHong-yan, ZHOUPu-hua, PEI Gang. Studies on chemical constituents of Hypericum sampsonii [J]. Natural production research and development(天然产物开发与研究).2002,14(5)：50-53
[159]周跃华.关于我国中药材质量标准管理的几点建议[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(12)：1502-1504
[160]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(2010年版)一部[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社,2010,1
[161]姚振生.药用植物学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2003,1
[162]中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物科属检索表[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,1
[163]中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,1
[164]刘克明,李丙贵,刘林翰,等.湖南植物志(第二卷)[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,2000：721
[165]丁海,黄泰康,吴春福.中药现代化发展的进程和趋势[J].中草药,2005,36(1)：147-149.
[166]孙黎明.浅谈中药性状鉴定的意义及方法[J].中国民族民间医药,2010,19(8)： 52
[167]康延国.中药鉴定学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2003,6-7
[168]李春红,潘宏,何兵等.香椿嫩叶中槲皮素和山奈酚的同板薄层鉴别及总黄酮的含量测定[J].泸州医学院学报,2010,33(3)：247-249
[169]刘波,刘红斌,宇刚等.老鹳草凝胶质量标准的研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,2010,31(5)：64-65
[170]袁斌,欧阳臻,缪亚东等.野马追中黄酮类的鉴别和定量分析研究[J].中成药,2007,29(5)：775-777
[171]中华人民共和国卫生部药政管理局.中药新药研究指南(药学.药理学,毒理学)[S],1994
[172]王红,韦云川,韦继雯等.关于《中国药典))2005年版中药材杂质检查项的商榷[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(18)：47
[173]张瑜,谈献和,蒋国斌等.原子荧光法测定中药白花蛇舌草中重金属的含量[J].南京中医药大学学报,2007,23(6)：382-384
[174]董晓萍,曾莉.川产八角莲中鬼臼毒素的分离鉴定及含量测定.天然产物研究与开发.1994,6(2)：17-20
[175]Markos A. R. The successful treatment of Molluscum contagiosum with podophyllotoxin (0.5%) self-application.Int[J]. STD AIDS 12(2001),833
[176]Wrasidlo W., Schroder U., Bernt K. et al. Synthesis, hydrolytic activation and cytotoxicity of etoposide prodrugs [J]. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.12(2002),557-560
[177]Maqbool M., Cushman K. E., Moraes R.M. Mayapple:a review of the literature from a horticultural perspective[R]. Annual Report of the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center.375(2001),313-319
[178]谢培山.色谱指纹图谱分析是中草药质量控制的可行策略[J].中药新药与临床药理.2001,12(3)：141-151,169
[179]Li B Y, Hu Y, Liang Y Z, et al. Quality Evaluation of Fingerprints of Herbal Medicine with Chromatographic Data [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta,2004, 514(1):69-75
[180]Niu, F., Niu, Z. Q., Xie, G. B., Meng, F., Zhang, G., Cui, Z., Tu, P., Chromatographia.2006,64(2):593-597
[181]谢培山.色谱指纹图谱(图像)分析在中药鉴定的研究和应用[R].现代中药产业关键技术系列研讨会(一)国际色谱指纹图谱评价中药质量研讨会学术报告论文集,广州,2001,36-56
[182]宋应华,郁威,乇远明.超临界C02萃取川芎挥发油过程研究[J].中成药,2005,27(9)：1007
[183]刘莉,徐新刚,陈飞龙,等.超临界C02萃取云南红豆杉枝叶中紫杉醇的研究[J].中成药,2006,28(4)：480
[184]蔡庆群,黄耀海,席萍,等.藿香正气方超临界萃取物质谱及薄层色谱分析[J].现代食品与药品杂志,2006,16(3)：32
[185]王玉华,容蓉,魏英勤,等.四物汤及单药材超临界萃取物的质量控制和稳定性研究[J].世界科学技术——中医药现代化,2005,7(2)：50
[186]罗兰,朱丹妮,严永清.当归芍药散精简方C02超临界萃取部位化学成分研究[J].中成药,2005,27(11)：1251
[187]L. P. Chandrika, S. Fereidoon, Optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat using response surface methodology [J]. Food Chem.,2005,93(1):47-56
[188]D. Bas, I.H. BoyacI, Modeling and optimization I:usability of response surface methodology[J]. Food Eng.,2007,78 (3):836-845
[189]E. M. Silva, H. Rogez, Y. Larondelle, Optimization of extraction of phenolics from Inga edulis leaves using response surface methodology [J]. Sep. Puri Technol,2007,55 (2):381-387
[190]G. J. Fan, Y. B. Han,Z.X. Gu, D. Chen, Optimizing conditions for anthocyanins extraction from purple sweet potato using response surface methodology (RSM) LWT-Food [J]. Sci. Technol.,2008,41 (1):155-160
[191]W. C. Lee, S. Yusof, N. S. A. Hamid, Optimizing conditions for hot water extraction of banana juice using response surface methodology (RSM), [J]. Food Eng.,2006,75 (2):473-479
[192]杨苏蓓.超临界流体萃取五味子中木脂素等成分的工艺研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(11)：755-757
[193]李平华,赵汉臣,闫荟.C02超临界流体萃取法萃取乳香的工艺研究[J].中国药房,2007,18(33)：2584-2585
[194]姚大地,孙广仁,刁绍起.大活籽挥发油超临界萃取工艺及成分分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(1)：115-116
[195]杨凌,欧阳臻,宿树兰,等.茅苍术挥发油超临界萃取工艺及气质联用分析[J].江苏大学学报：医学版,2007,17(5)：393-395
[196]S. L. C. Ferreira, R. E. Bruns, H. S. Ferreira, Box-Behnken design:An alternative for the optimization of analytical methods[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,597(2):179-186
[197]李伯庭,王湘,李小进.大孔吸附树脂在天然产物分离中的应用[J].中草药,1990,2(8)：42-45
[198]何炳林,黄文强.离子交换与吸附树脂[M].上海：上海科技教育出版社,1995.319-321
[199]Fox JG, Wang TC. Inflammation, atrophy, and gastric cancer [J]. J Clin Invrst,2007,117(1):60-69
[200]Gordaliza M, Castro MA, del Corral JM, et al. Antitumor properties of Podophyllotoxin and Related Compounds [J]. Current Pharmaceutical Design,2000,6(18):1811-1839
[201]Shi Y P, Wei XG, Yao QQ. Chemical constituents of Dysosma pleiantha [J].Chin Tradit Herb Drugs,2005,36(4):484-486
[202]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.小八角莲化学成分研究[J]。中草药,2007,38(4)： 517-518
[203]张杰,周春山,刘韶,等.小八角莲中鬼臼毒素的提取工艺研究[J]。中药材,2007,30(1)：103-104
[204]Gordaliza M, Garcia PA, del Corral JM, et al. Podophyllotoxin: distribution, sources, applications and new cytotoxic derivatives[J].Toxicon,2004,44(4):441-459
[205]Zhang PN, Li ZF, Zhao CQ. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives[J]. Natural Product Res and Devel,2004,16(1):80-83
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |