电力市场和节能调度环境下电力系统调度与安全问题的研究
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摘要
电网规模的快速扩张使调度员的工作越来越繁忙,不可避免地影响到了对电网的运行监控和调度安全;随着电力市场的逐步建立以及国家大力推行节能减排政策,电网调度员的职责也将从主要保证电网安全运行向保证以电网安全为前提下的电力市场正常运作和节能发电调度转变;这些变化使电网调度模式的变更研究成为必要。
提高能源使用效率、节约能源、减少环境污染、促进能源和电力结构调整是我国现阶段能源利用和电力工业发展的主题,节能降耗从能源综合社会价值的角度对电力工业的发展提出了新的挑战、同时也为电力系统的调度和安全带来了一系列新问题,进而对大规模机组组合优化算法、网络安全校核优化算法和节能发电优化调度方法提出了新的要求。
在节能降耗的国家政策下,特别是实施节能发电调度以后,对AGC控制带来了新的问题。如何响应国家号召,顺利实施节能调度,研究新形势下的机组AGC运行方式问题十分有必要;同时为提高节能调度环境下各AGC机组参与互联系统联络线功率和频率控制的积极性和主动性,应对其提供的AGC辅助服务予以评价并合理补偿;为此,应建立相应的评价、考核、补偿体系。
针对上述几个重要问题进行了比较系统深入的研究,取得了一定的研究成果:
⑴为适应电网的快速扩张,满足调度运行和管理工作的现实需求,提出了增加值班调度员人数、在中调设立集控中心、增设调度层次、实施分区调度和调整调度关系的调度模式变更方法。
⑵分析和提出了新形势下调度工作可能变更的六个方面,提出了节能优先模式和综合电价模式的节能发电调度机制;在此基础上,进一步提出了结合电力市场和节能减排政策的发电调度机制。
⑶针对节能发电调度环境下机组组合问题的研究需求,建立了大规模月度机组组合的数学模型,提出了根据拉格朗日松弛法对偶解形成原问题可行解的新算法,该算法具有通用性,能应用于一般的用拉格朗日松弛法求解的问题;提出了考虑机组加减负荷速度约束和旋转备用约束的机组组合算法以及动态经济调度算法。
⑷针对节能发电调度环境下网络安全校核问题的研究需求,提出了基于机组组合的预定运行方式、在考虑机组出力调整量最小的情况下进行优化运行,采用实际应用中最成功的基于原始—对偶模型,将拉格朗日法、牛顿法和障碍函数法三者合一的线性规划内点算法。
⑸提出了在有无电力市场两种情况下实施节能发电调度的数学优化模型和分别以成本(价格)、能耗、环保为目标以及兼顾这三种因素的节能发电调度优化模式,并分析了节能发电调度实施将面临的问题、需要研究的若干相关问题、实施中应注意的问题及节能发电调度与电力市场建设的衔接手段。
⑹分析了节能发电调度环境下AGC面临的问题,提出了AGC性能改进的方法和提高CPS控制水平的综合策略;提出了节能发电调度环境下AGC的数学算法模型、运行方式建议及补偿方法,在此基础上,提出了新的电厂GCPS考核办法。
最后对论文中所作的研究进行简要总结,并指出了这一领域有待进一步深入研究的问题。
The rapid expansion of power grid significantly increased the workload of network operators in the electricity dispatch and control centre, which inevitably has an adverse impact on the security of the network operation and monitoring. With the gradual establishment of electricity market and the deployment of government policy to reduce the emission and save energy, the responsibilities of the network operator are not only to secure the network operation but also to implement the energy saving dispatch and facilitate the electricity market. This necessitates the research on the grid dispatch mode.
In the current stage, the main subject in electricity and energy industries in China is to improve the energy efficiency, save the energy, reduce the pollution and adjust the energy and electricity industry structure. In order to maximize the benefits of the energy to the society, the development of electricity industry is required to relish the new challenges of saving energy and reducing loss. This further brings a series of new problems to the system operation in terms of dispatch and security. In order to solve these problems, the system operator is required to improve the optimization algorithms of the large-scale generator combination and the network security verification as well as the methodology of energy saving dispatch.
The government policy of saving energy and reducing loss gave arise a new problem to the automatic generation control (AGC) especially after adopting the energy saving dispatch. Therefore it is very necessary to study how to realize the energy saving dispatch and the transmission requirements to the AGC in order to adhere to the policy and realize the energy saving dispatch. On the other hand, in order to motivate the generator to provide the service of power frequency control in an interconnected grid, the system operator needs to assess and compensate the auxiliary service of AGC provided by the generator. Therefore, a mechanism to evaluate, review and monitor the AGC service should be established.
This thesis systematically studies the above important problems and the following achievements have been made:
Firstly, to meet the requirements of the dispatch operation and management in the electricity control centre with the rapid expansion of power grid, a novel dispatch mode is proposed by increasing the number of dispatch engineers, setting up a central control centre, increasing the dispatch layers so that the zonal dispatch and dispatch adjustment can be achieved.
Secondly, a new energy saving dispatch mechanism is proposed based on the analysis of the six aspects affected by the new energy policy. And based on this proposal, a further improvement is achieved to take the electricity market and emission reduction into consideration.
Thirdly, a mathematic model is established for the large scale of monthly generator dispatch combinations in order to study the generation combination requirements under the energy saving dispatch criteria. A lagrangian relaxation method based algorithm is proposed to find the solution of the problem. This algorithm is very robust and can be used to solve the general Lagrange relaxation problem. Furthermore the new algorithm incorporates the restriction of the loading and de-loading characteristics of the generator and the spinning reserve requirement as well as the dynamic energy saving dispatch algorithm.
Fourthly, in order to study the network security verification in the energy saving dispatch environment, a predefined system operation mode based on the combination of the generators is proposed. This method optimizes the operation to minimize the adjust of the generator output by adopting the linear interior point algorithm based on the Lagrange and Newton algorithms as well as barrier function.
Fifthly, a mathematic optimization model is proposed to realize the energy saving dispatch based on whether there is an electricity market, which uses the cost, energy loss and environment index as targets to optimize the generation dispatch based on the analysis of the major problems faced by the energy saving dispatch. The problems of how to realize the seamless combination between the energy saving dispatch and the construction of electricity market are also addressed.
Finally, The AGC problems in the energy saving dispatch environment are analyzed and a comprehensive strategy is proposed to improve the AGC performance and enhance the CPS function. Based on the AGC mathematic algorithm, system operation mode and compensation method, a new power plant GCPS examination method is proposed.
In conclusion this thesis studied the problems of power system dispatch and security in the environment of electricity market and energy saving dispatch. The major research achievements were summarized and the direction of further research in this aspect was also pointed out.
提高能源使用效率、节约能源、减少环境污染、促进能源和电力结构调整是我国现阶段能源利用和电力工业发展的主题,节能降耗从能源综合社会价值的角度对电力工业的发展提出了新的挑战、同时也为电力系统的调度和安全带来了一系列新问题,进而对大规模机组组合优化算法、网络安全校核优化算法和节能发电优化调度方法提出了新的要求。
在节能降耗的国家政策下,特别是实施节能发电调度以后,对AGC控制带来了新的问题。如何响应国家号召,顺利实施节能调度,研究新形势下的机组AGC运行方式问题十分有必要;同时为提高节能调度环境下各AGC机组参与互联系统联络线功率和频率控制的积极性和主动性,应对其提供的AGC辅助服务予以评价并合理补偿;为此,应建立相应的评价、考核、补偿体系。
针对上述几个重要问题进行了比较系统深入的研究,取得了一定的研究成果:
⑴为适应电网的快速扩张,满足调度运行和管理工作的现实需求,提出了增加值班调度员人数、在中调设立集控中心、增设调度层次、实施分区调度和调整调度关系的调度模式变更方法。
⑵分析和提出了新形势下调度工作可能变更的六个方面,提出了节能优先模式和综合电价模式的节能发电调度机制;在此基础上,进一步提出了结合电力市场和节能减排政策的发电调度机制。
⑶针对节能发电调度环境下机组组合问题的研究需求,建立了大规模月度机组组合的数学模型,提出了根据拉格朗日松弛法对偶解形成原问题可行解的新算法,该算法具有通用性,能应用于一般的用拉格朗日松弛法求解的问题;提出了考虑机组加减负荷速度约束和旋转备用约束的机组组合算法以及动态经济调度算法。
⑷针对节能发电调度环境下网络安全校核问题的研究需求,提出了基于机组组合的预定运行方式、在考虑机组出力调整量最小的情况下进行优化运行,采用实际应用中最成功的基于原始—对偶模型,将拉格朗日法、牛顿法和障碍函数法三者合一的线性规划内点算法。
⑸提出了在有无电力市场两种情况下实施节能发电调度的数学优化模型和分别以成本(价格)、能耗、环保为目标以及兼顾这三种因素的节能发电调度优化模式,并分析了节能发电调度实施将面临的问题、需要研究的若干相关问题、实施中应注意的问题及节能发电调度与电力市场建设的衔接手段。
⑹分析了节能发电调度环境下AGC面临的问题,提出了AGC性能改进的方法和提高CPS控制水平的综合策略;提出了节能发电调度环境下AGC的数学算法模型、运行方式建议及补偿方法,在此基础上,提出了新的电厂GCPS考核办法。
最后对论文中所作的研究进行简要总结,并指出了这一领域有待进一步深入研究的问题。
The rapid expansion of power grid significantly increased the workload of network operators in the electricity dispatch and control centre, which inevitably has an adverse impact on the security of the network operation and monitoring. With the gradual establishment of electricity market and the deployment of government policy to reduce the emission and save energy, the responsibilities of the network operator are not only to secure the network operation but also to implement the energy saving dispatch and facilitate the electricity market. This necessitates the research on the grid dispatch mode.
In the current stage, the main subject in electricity and energy industries in China is to improve the energy efficiency, save the energy, reduce the pollution and adjust the energy and electricity industry structure. In order to maximize the benefits of the energy to the society, the development of electricity industry is required to relish the new challenges of saving energy and reducing loss. This further brings a series of new problems to the system operation in terms of dispatch and security. In order to solve these problems, the system operator is required to improve the optimization algorithms of the large-scale generator combination and the network security verification as well as the methodology of energy saving dispatch.
The government policy of saving energy and reducing loss gave arise a new problem to the automatic generation control (AGC) especially after adopting the energy saving dispatch. Therefore it is very necessary to study how to realize the energy saving dispatch and the transmission requirements to the AGC in order to adhere to the policy and realize the energy saving dispatch. On the other hand, in order to motivate the generator to provide the service of power frequency control in an interconnected grid, the system operator needs to assess and compensate the auxiliary service of AGC provided by the generator. Therefore, a mechanism to evaluate, review and monitor the AGC service should be established.
This thesis systematically studies the above important problems and the following achievements have been made:
Firstly, to meet the requirements of the dispatch operation and management in the electricity control centre with the rapid expansion of power grid, a novel dispatch mode is proposed by increasing the number of dispatch engineers, setting up a central control centre, increasing the dispatch layers so that the zonal dispatch and dispatch adjustment can be achieved.
Secondly, a new energy saving dispatch mechanism is proposed based on the analysis of the six aspects affected by the new energy policy. And based on this proposal, a further improvement is achieved to take the electricity market and emission reduction into consideration.
Thirdly, a mathematic model is established for the large scale of monthly generator dispatch combinations in order to study the generation combination requirements under the energy saving dispatch criteria. A lagrangian relaxation method based algorithm is proposed to find the solution of the problem. This algorithm is very robust and can be used to solve the general Lagrange relaxation problem. Furthermore the new algorithm incorporates the restriction of the loading and de-loading characteristics of the generator and the spinning reserve requirement as well as the dynamic energy saving dispatch algorithm.
Fourthly, in order to study the network security verification in the energy saving dispatch environment, a predefined system operation mode based on the combination of the generators is proposed. This method optimizes the operation to minimize the adjust of the generator output by adopting the linear interior point algorithm based on the Lagrange and Newton algorithms as well as barrier function.
Fifthly, a mathematic optimization model is proposed to realize the energy saving dispatch based on whether there is an electricity market, which uses the cost, energy loss and environment index as targets to optimize the generation dispatch based on the analysis of the major problems faced by the energy saving dispatch. The problems of how to realize the seamless combination between the energy saving dispatch and the construction of electricity market are also addressed.
Finally, The AGC problems in the energy saving dispatch environment are analyzed and a comprehensive strategy is proposed to improve the AGC performance and enhance the CPS function. Based on the AGC mathematic algorithm, system operation mode and compensation method, a new power plant GCPS examination method is proposed.
In conclusion this thesis studied the problems of power system dispatch and security in the environment of electricity market and energy saving dispatch. The major research achievements were summarized and the direction of further research in this aspect was also pointed out.
引文
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